FATHER OF PROBATION IN ENGLAND – MATHER DAVENPORT HILL

FATHER OF PROBATION IN AMERICA – JOHN AUGUSTUS

FATHER OF PROBATION IN PHILIPPINES – TEODULO C. NATIVIDAD

WILLIAM PENN – FORST LEADER TO PRESCRIBE IMPRISONMENT AS CORRECTIONAL TREATMENT FOR

MAJOR OFFENDERS.

CHARLES MONTESQUIEU - HE IS A FRENCH HISTORIAN AND PHILOSOPHER WHO ANALYZED LAW AS AN

EXPRESSION OF JUSTICE. HE BELIVED THAT HARSH PUNISHMENT WOULD UNDERMINE MORALITY AND
THAT APPEALING TO MORAL SENTIMENTS AS BETTER MEANS OF PREVENTING CRIMES.

ALEXANDER MACONOCHIE – HE IS THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE PENAL COLONY AT NORFOLK ISLAND

IN AUSTRALIA WHO INTRODUCED THE “MARK SYSTEM”

JOHN HOWARD - HE WROTE THE BOOK “STATE OF THE PRISONS”

DOMETS OF FRANCE - HE ESTABLISHED AN AGRICULTURAL COLONY FOR DELINQUENT BOYS IN 1833

PROVIDING HOUSEFATHERS AS IN CHARGE OF THESE BOYS.

PAROLE AND PROBATION MONTH AND WEEK – JULY 18-24 EVERY YEAR

REPUBLIC ACT 10707 – AN ACT AMNDING PD 968 OTHERWISE KNOWN AS PROBATIONAL LAW

WHAT IS NON-INSTUTIONAL CORRECTIONS? – IT REFERS TO A COMMUNITY-BASED PROGRAM,

PREVILEGES SUCH AS PROBATION, PAROLE AND EXECUTIVE CLEMENCIES.

PROBATION (SUBOK LAYA) – A DISPOSITION UNDER WHICH A DEFENDANT, AFTER CONVICTION AND
SENTENCE, IS RELEASED SUBJECT TO CONDITIONS IMPOSED BY THE COURT AND TO A SUPERVISION OF
A PROBATION OFFICER, A PRIVILEGE GRANTED BY THE COURT TO A PERSON CONVICTED OF A CRIMINAL
OFFENSE TO REMAIN IN THE COMMUNITY INSTEAD OF ACTUALLY GOING TO PRISON/JAIL.

ABSCONDING PETITIONER – WHO APPLY FOR PROBATION/GRANTED THE PROBATION/ESCAPE AND

REJECTED THE PROBATION

ABSCODING PROBATIONER – GRANTED THE PROBATION/RELEASED FROM JAIL/BUT VOILATED THE

CONDITION.

SENTENCE PROBATION
1 YEAR BELOW 2 YEARS
1 YEARS ABOVE NOT MORE THAN 6 YEARS

FOR ADULT – PRIVILAGE PD 968 / FOR MINOR – RIGHTS PD603

PAROLE – IT IS THE CONDITIONAL RELEASED OF A PRISONER FROM CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION AFTER

SERVING THE MINIMUM PERIOD OF PRISON SENTENCE.
PARDON – ACT OF GRACE FROM SOVEREIGN POWER INHERENT IN THE STATE WHICH EXEMPTS AN
INDIVIDUAL FROM THE PUNISHMENT WHICH THE LAW IMPOSES OR PRESCRIBES FOR HIS CRIME,
EXTENDED BY THE PRESIDENT THRU THE RECOMMENDATION OF THE BOARD OF PAROLE AND PARDON.

- IT IS A GENERAL PARDON EXTENDED TO A GROUP OF PERSONS WHO HAVE COMMITED CRIMES

OF A POLITICAL CHARACTER, SUCH AS TREASON, SEDITION OR REBELLION GENERALLY
EXERCISED BY CHIEF EXECUTIVE WITH THE CONCURRENCE OF CONGRESS.

EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY (AWA NG PANGULO) – IT REFERS TO REPRIEVE (PANSAMANTALANG PAGPIGIL),

ABSOLUTE PARDON (PAGPAPATAWAD NG PANGULO) CONDTIONAL PARDON (WITH CONDITION) WITH
OR WITHOUT PAROLE CONDITIONS AND COMUTATION OF SENTENCE (PAGPAPABABA NG SENTENCE) AS
MAY GRANTED BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES.

FORMS OF EXECUTIVE CLEMENCY – PARDON (PAGPAPATAWAD) AMNESTY (PAGLIMOT) REPRIVE

(PANSAMANTALANG PAGPIGIL) COMMUTATION OF SENTENCE (PAGPAPABABA)

CORRECTION – IT IS A CONCEPT WHICH DESCRIBES BOTH A WIDE RANGE OF DIVERSIFIED PROGRAMS,

AGENCIES AND INSTITUTIONS AND AN EQUALLY BROAD RANGE OF PHILISOPHICAL GOALS, IDEALS, AND
THEORY ABOUT THE NATURE OF HUMANS SOCIETY, CRIME, AND THE CRIMINAL OFFENDER

CORRECTIONAL ADMINISTRATION - IT IS A STUDY OF PRACTICE OF A SYSTEMATIC MANAGEMENT

CONCERNING WITH THE CUSTODY, TREATMENT, AND REHABILITATION OF CRIMINAL OFFENDERS.

PENOLOGY – IT IS THE STUDY OF PUNISHMENT FOR CRIME OR CRIMINAL OFFENDERS WHICH ALSO
INCLUDES THE STUDY OF CONTROL AND PREVENTION OF CRIMES THROUGH PUNISHMENT OF
CRIMINAL OFFENDERS.

PENAL MANAGEMENT – IT IS THE MANNER OR PRACTICE OF MANAGING OR CONTROLING PLACES OF

CONFINEMENT AS IN JAILS OR PRISONS.

INDETERMINATE SENTENCE LAW – ACT #4103

ADMINISTRATIVE CODE OF PHILIPPINES – E.O 292

B.P. 85 – THE RELEASE OF A DETAINEE WHO HAS UNDERGONE PREVENTIVE IMPRISONMENT

EQUIVALENT TO THE MAXIMUM IMPOSIBLE SENTENCE FOR THE OFFENSE HE IS CHARGE.

THEORY OF CRIMINOLOGY

POSITIVIST – STATES THAT CRIMINALS ARE CONSIDERED SICK INDIVIDUALS WHO NEED TO BE TREATED
BY TREATMENT PROGRAMS RATHER THAN PUNITIVE ACTIONS AGAINST THEM.

NEO-CLASSICAL THEORY – WHICH STATES THAT CHILDREN AND LUINATICS CANNOT CALCULATE THE
DIFFERENCE OF PLEASURE FROM PAIN, THEY SHOULD NOT BE REGARDED AS CRIMINALS, HENCE THEY
SHOULD BE FREE FROM PUNISHMENT.

COLOR OF PRISON UNIFORM FOR MAXIMUM SECURITY PRISONERS – ORANGE

BURGUNDIAN CODE – IT IS A CODE WHICH SPECIFIED PUNISHMENT ACCORDING TO SOCIAL CLASS OF

OFFENDERS.
RETRIBUTION – IT IS A JUSTIFICATION OF PUNISHMENT WHERE IT SHOULD BE PROVIDED BY THE STATE
WHOSE SANCTION IS VIOLATED TO AFFORD THE SOCIETY OR THE INDIVIDUAL THE OPPORTUNITY OF
IMPOSING UPON THE OFFENDER SUITABLE PUNISHMENT AS MIGHHT BE ENFORCE. OFFENDERS SHOULD
BE PUNISHED BECAUSE THEY DESERVE IT.

INCAPACITATION – CORRECTIONAL GOAL IS REFERRED TO WHEN THE OFFENDER IS RENDERED

PHYSICALLY UNABLE TO COMMIT A CRIME IN THE FUTURE.

DETERRENT EFFECT – SERVES AS EXAMPLE TO THE PUBLIC

TWELVE TABLES – REPRESENTS THE EARLIEST CODIFICATION OF THE ROMAN LAW THAT WAS
INCORPORATED INTO THE JUSTINIAN CODE.

PROVINCIAL PRISONERS – 6 MONTHS – 3 YEARS

CITY PRISONERS – 1 DAY – 3 YEARS

MUNICIPAL PRISONERS – 1DAY – 6 MONTHS

CAMP SAMPAGUITA – MEDIUM SECURITY COUMPOUND IN BILIBID

SAN RAMON PRISON AND PENAL FARM – POLITICAL PRISONERS IN 1870

GOALS OF CORRECTION – RETRIBUTION, DETERRENCE, INCAPACITATION, REHABILIZATION