PARTICIPLE CLAUSES

Be economical
@theenglish.room
Complete
the following
sentence...
Knowing I had a test
, I...
Because I knew I had a test, I stayed at home
and studied.
Filmed inside, the footage was
to dark to use.
Participle clauses often have implied subjects, this means that
the subject is omitted because it is the same of the main
clause.

Filmed inside (the footage) , the footage was too dark to use.
Seeing the mistake, she corrected it.
 Participle clauses often have implied subjects, this means that
the subject is omitted because it is the same of the main
clause.
(She saw the mistake)

Seeing the mistake, she corrected it.

Nevertheless, we can include the subject in both clauses too:

Seeing she had made a mistake, she corrected it.

more formal
 What if my
sentence
is negative?
Not knowing the baby slept, she phoned.
Knowing not to call because the baby slept, she
waited until the next day.

BE CAREFUL WITH YOUR MEANING



To make clear an action is finished before the

action in the main clause is begun...
HAVING + PAST PARTICIPLE
Putting away the equipment, they
talked about going home.

this means WHILE

Having put away the equipment, they
went home.

this means AFTER

ONE LAST TIP
 We can use prepositions before the
participle to further emphasise events
order, cause and effect...
By practising every day, she passed her driving
test.
Without knowing it, I ruined everything.