Name: __________________________Date: __________

Grade: _____________________ Section: ___________

Organ System
Learning Competency: The learners should be able to explain how the

organs of each organ system work together. (S6LT-IIa-b-1)

__________________________________________________________________________

Objectives: Describe the structure and function of the parts of digestive

system.

Cognitive: Discuss the proper care of the digestive system.

Psychomotor: Participate actively in the activities given.

Affective: Appreciate the uniqueness and function of the digestive system.

What I Need to Do

In this lesson, you are going to learn and master the competency. Make sure

that you read all the information written in this activity sheet. If you have

confusions, feel free to ask your teacher about it. I know that you will enjoy

this lesson today. Make sure to do all the activities and answer the

assessments. After going through this module, you are expected to be able

to:

ii
 1. Describe the structure and function of the parts of digestive system.

2. Discuss the proper care of the digestive system.

3. Identify and label the basic structure of the digestive system.

Gearing Up

Direction: Can you name the basic parts of the digestive system?

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.

Getting Better
Digestive System
Your digestive system is made up of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and

your liver, pancreas and gallbladder. The GI tract is a series of hollow

organs that are connected to each other from your mouth to your anus. The

organs that make up your GI tract, in the order that they are connected,

include your mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

and anus. Your digestive system is uniquely constructed to do its job of

turning your food into the nutrients and energy you need to survive. And

when it’s done with that, it handily packages your solid waste, or stool, for

disposal when you have a bowel movement.

Digestion is important because your body needs nutrients from the

food you eat and the liquids you drink in order to stay healthy and function

properly. Nutrients include carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals

and water. Your digestive system breaks down and absorbs nutrients from

the food and liquids you consume to use for important things like energy,

growth and repairing cells.

The main organs that make up the digestive system (in order of their

function) are the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large

intestine, rectum and anus. Helping them along the way are the pancreas,

gall bladder and liver.

What makes up the digestive system?

Mouth

The digestive system starts in the mouth. In actuality, digestion

begins even before you take a meal. As soon as you see that spaghetti dish

or smell the warm bread, your salivary glands start to work. When you start
eating, you chew your food to break it up into bite-sized pieces that are

easier to digest. Your saliva begins to break down the meal into a form that

your body can absorb and utilize. Your tongue moves the food from your

mouth into your throat and esophagus as you swallow.

Esophagus

When you swallow, food travels from your mouth to the esophagus,

which is situated in your throat close to your trachea (windpipe). A little flap

called the epiglottis covers your windpipe while you swallow to keep you

from choking (when food goes into your windpipe). Food enters your

stomach by a process called peristalsis, which involves a sequence of

muscle contractions in the esophagus.

The lower esophageal sphincter, a ring-shaped muscle at the bottom

of your esophagus, must first loosen in order to allow food to enter. The

sphincter then tightens, stopping the stomach contents from returning to

the esophagus. (If it doesn't, you could have acid reflux or heartburn when

these substances flow back into the esophagus.)

Stomach

The stomach is a hollow organ that serves as a "container" for food as

it is combined with stomach enzymes. These enzymes continue the process

of turning food into a form that can be consumed. The breakdown process is

carried out by strong acids and potent enzymes secreted by cells in the

lining of your stomach. The stomach's contents are released into the small

intestine once they have been sufficiently processed.

 Small Intestine

The small intestine, which consists of the duodenum, jejunum, and

ileum, is a muscular tube measuring 22 feet in length and used to break

down food utilizing pancreatic enzymes and bile from the liver. The

movement of food through this organ when it is being mixed with pancreatic

and liver juices during peristalsis is another function of this organ.

The small intestine's first section is called the duodenum. It is

primarily to blame for the ongoing breakdown process. The bottom portions

of the gut, the jejunum and ileum, are primarily in charge of nutrient

absorption into the bloodstream.

After passing through the small intestine, the contents change from

being semi-solid to liquid. The change in consistency is caused by a

combination of water, bile, enzymes, and mucus. The liquid remained from

the meal passes through the small intestine after the nutrients have been

absorbed and before entering the large intestine (colon).

Pancreas

The pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum that

break down protein, fats and carbohydrates. The pancreas also makes

insulin, passing it directly into the bloodstream. Insulin is the chief

hormone in your body for metabolizing sugar.

Liver

Although the liver performs a variety of tasks in the digestive system,

processing the nutrients taken up from the small intestine is its primary
duty. Digesting fat and several vitamins require the help of bile, which the

liver secretes into the small intestine.

The liver serves as the body's chemical "factory," creating all the

different chemicals required for your body to function from the raw

materials received by the intestine.

Additionally, the liver detoxifies potentially dangerous substances.

Numerous medications that can be hazardous to your body are broken

down and secreted by it.

Gallbladder

The gallbladder stores and concentrates bile from the liver, and then

releases it into the duodenum in the small intestine to help absorb and

digest fats.

Colon

In order to make it simple and convenient to empty your bowels, the

colon is in charge of processing waste. The muscular tube that joins the

small intestine to the rectum is 6 feet long.

The cecum, the ascending colon (right), the transverse colon (across),

the descending colon (left), and the sigmoid colon, which joins to the

rectum, make up the colon.

By use of peristalsis, feces, or waste from the digestive process, is

transferred through the colon, first in a liquid state and then in a solid

state. Water is expelled from the stool as it moves through the colon. Stool
is kept in the sigmoid (S-shaped) colon until it is emptied into the rectum

once or twice every day during a "mass movement."

Stool typically passes through the colon about 36 hours or such.

Bacteria and food particles make up the majority of the stool itself. These

"good" bacteria carry out a variety of beneficial tasks, including as

producing different vitamins, processing food scraps and waste, and

guarding against harmful bacteria. The descending colon releases its

contents into the rectum to start the elimination process when it is full of

stool, also known as feces (a bowel movement).

Rectum

The 8-inch-long, straight chamber known as the rectum joins the

colon to the anus. The rectum's duties include collecting stool from the

colon, alerting you to the presence of stool, and holding the stool until

evacuation occurs. Sensors alert the brain when anything (such as gas or

feces) enters the rectum. The decision to expel the rectal contents is then

made by the brain.

The sphincters open up and the rectum contracts, if possible,

expelling the contents. If the contents cannot be removed, the sphincter

contracts and the rectum adjust, temporarily removing the sensation.

Anus

The last section of the digestive system is the anus. The pelvic floor

muscles and the two anal sphincters are located in a 2-inch canal (internal
and external). Rectal contents can be felt via the upper anus lining. It

informs you of the contents' liquid, gas, or solid state.

Sphincter muscles that are crucial for controlling stool surround the

anus. Stool cannot come out when it shouldn't because of the angle that the

pelvic floor muscle makes between the rectum and the anus. Except for

when stool enters the rectum, the internal sphincter is tight all the time.

Gaining Mastery

Directions: Label the correct parts of the digestive system.

A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
I.
J.
K.
L.
 Rubrics for Scoring

If applicable, provide rubrics on how the learners or their outputs

will be graded.

What I Need to Remember

References
Review Questions (pearsoned.com.au)

Components of the Gastrointestinal System (brainkart.com)

Digestive System: Function, Organs & Anatomy (clevelandclinic.org)

Unlabeled Diagram Of The Digestive System Digestive System Diagram Unlabeled 27 Luxury
Digestive System - koibana.info (pinterest.co.uk)

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 Answer Key

An answer key may be included for teachers use only (separate sheets)

a. Mouth
b. Pharynx
c. Esophagus
d. Stomach
e. Small Intestine
f. Large Intestine
g. Rectum
h. Anus
i. Salivary Glands
j. Liver
k. Gall bladder
l. Pancreas

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