Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) assess whether
the benefits of the project will outweigh the negative
consequences or risks on the environment.
Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) to reduce
adverse environmental impacts of proposed actions
through the formulation of EMP.
Environmental Compliance Certificate (ECC) allowing
the proponent to proceed to the next stage of the
project planning,
PD 1586: Philippine EIS System Established to facilitate
the attainment & maintenance of a rational &
orderlybalance between socio-economic growth &
environmental protection
4 Category ofEnvironmentally Critical Projects (ECP)
• HEAVY INDUSTRIES-iron & steel mills,petroleum
industry,non-ferrous metal industries,smelting plants
• RESOURCE EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES-mining
projects,forestry projects, fishpond dev. projs
• INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS-dams,power
plants,reclamation proj, roads and bridges
• GOLF COURSE PROJECT
Benefits of Doing an Environmental Impact Assessment
in a Humanitarian Setting
 Sustainable solutions
 Mitigation of negative impacts
 Reduce costs in the long term
What happens if the Proponent fails to implement the
project within 5 years upon the issuance of the ECC?
 The ECC loses its validity if a project has not
been implemented within 5 years upon the
issuance of the ECC
Hazardous Waste- wastes that poses a substantial
danger
Toxic Waste- waste that is harmful to living
organisms when absorbed or ingested
Examples of household hazardous waste include:
-based paints
Landfarming- the waste is carefully mixed with surface
soil on a suitable tract of land.
Bioremediation- Microbes can also be
used for stabilizing hazardous wastes on previously
contaminated sites
solidification- achieved by encapsulating the waste in
concrete, asphalt,or plastic.
Incineration- process which causes a molecular change
due to extreme high temperatures and a reduction in
volume.
Republic Act 6969 “Toxic Substances and Hazardous
and Nuclear Waste Control Act of 1990”- overarching
law of all policies pertaining to toxic chemicals in PH.
Wastes- are the material that are not needed and are
not usable economically with further processing.
Solid Waste is a term for man-made waste.
Solid waste management is a term that is used to refer
to the process of collecting and treating solid wastes.
Waste accdg. To origin
domestic, industrial,commercial, clinical, construction,
nuclear, and agricultural.
Waste accdg. To properties
inert, toxic, and inflammable.
Types of solid wastes
1. Urban wastes
Sources
– Food waste, Cloth, Waste paper.
– Packing material, cans, bottles,
polythene.
– Wood, concrete debris.
es – Anatomical wastes, infectious
wastes.
2. Industrial wastes
Sources
– generates radioactive wastes
– produces fly ash in large
quantities
3. Chemical industries
Produces large quantities of hazardous and toxic
materials
Different Categories of Solid Wastes:
1. Organic waste: Kitchen waste
2. Combustibles: Paper, wood, dried leaves, items
3. Non-combustibles: Metal, Tins, Cans, bottles
4. Toxic waste: Old medicines, paints, chemicals, bulbs,
5. Recyclables: Paper, glass, metals, plastics. chemically decomposed by heat without the presence
of oxygen.
Sources of Solid Waste
1. Residential Effects of Poor Solid Waste Management
2. Industrial 1. Litter Surroundings
3. Commercial 2. Impact on Human Health
4. Institutional 3. Disease-causing Pests
5. Agriculture 4. Environmental Problems
5. Emission of Toxic Gases
Causes of Solid Waste Pollution
Over population, Urbanization, Affluence, Technology RA 9003 Ecological Solid Waste Management Act No.
9003 of 2000.
Control of Solid Waste Pollution - An Act providing for an Ecological Solid Waste
 Disposal Management Program,creating the necessary
 Incineration Institutional Mechanisms and Incentives, declaring
 Composting certain Acts prohibited and providing Penalties,
 Recycling appropriatingfunds therefore, and for other purposes.
 Source recovery -This Act makes provision for the efficient solid waste
 Source reduction management, forthe volume reduction of the waste,

6 Functional Elements of the Waste Management

System
1.Waste generation: This encompasses any activities
involved inidentifying materials that are no longer
2. Onsite handling, storage, and processing: This relates
to activities at the point of waste generation, which
facilitate easier collection
3. Waste collection: activities such as placing waste
collection bins
4. Waste transfer and transport: moving waste from
the local waste collection locations to the regional
waste disposal site in large waste transport vehicles.
5. Waste processing and recovery: facilities,
equipment, and techniques employed to recover
6. Disposal: activities aimed at the systematic disposal
of waste materials in locations such as landfills.

Methods of Solid Waste Management

1. Sanitary Landfill- Garbage
is basically spread out in thin layers
2. Incineration- burning of solid wastes at high
temperatures
3. Recovery and Recycling- process of taking useful but
discarded items for the next use.
4. 4. Composting- biological process in which micro-
organisms convert degradable organic waste into
substances like humus.
5. Pyrolysis- solid wastes are