Title: Local Roads and Streets

A. Local rural and urban roads

LOCAL RURAL AND URBAN ROADS

General design consideration Rural Urban
Design Speed (km/h) 30-80 30-50
Design Traffic Volume Forecasted for 20 years Forecasted for10-20 years
Levels of Service D D
Sudden changes between
curves and sharp curves
Alignment should be avoided 25-30 m radius
Grades 5 -17 % 20 - 30%
Cross slope (For paved) 1.5 - 2% 1.5 - 2%
Cross slope (For un paved) 2 - 6% 2 - 6%
Super elevation 8 - 12% No need, but if 4 - 6%
Sight Distance    
Stopping site distance 20 - 185 m 30-60m
Passing sight distance 120 - 320 m Rare to overtake
Cross-Sectional Elements    
Width of Roadway 5.4 - 7.2 m 2.7 - 3.6 m
Number of Lanes 2 lane 1 - 2 lanes
Right-of-Way Width Should be sufficient Should be sufficient
Medians No need Do not have
Curbs No curb 10- 15 cm
Bicycle The road way is sufficient The road way is sufficient
Side walk No need 1.2 - 2.4 m
Structures    
New and Reconstructed In accordance with the current AASHTO LRFD Bridge
Structures Design Specifications

An existing bridge that fits the proposed alignment and

Bridges to Remain in Place grade line may remain in place
Vertical Clearance At least 4.3 m At least 4.3 m
Roadside Design    
Clear Zones 2-3 m Not applicable
Lateral Offset Defined in Section 4.6.2 0.5-1.2 m
Depends on the stability of
Fore slopes local soils Not stated
Intersection legs that operate under stop control should
intersect at right angles, wherever practical, and should not
Intersection Design intersect at an angle less than 60 degrees
Railroad-Highway Grade
Crossings Grade-crossing warning devices should be installed
 Signs, markings, and traffic signal controls are essential
Traffic Control Devices elements
Roadway Lighting Not stated Fundamental need
Important design
Drainage
consideration Highly needed
Erosion Control and
Landscaping There should be There should be

B. Special purpose roads

1. Recreational Roads
 General Design Considerations

 Design Speed: 30 – 60 km/h

 Design Vehicle: Three categories of vehicles are common to recreational areas:

motor homes, vehicles with trailers, and standard passenger vehicles.

 Grades: 7 – 18 %

 Vertical Alignment: Minimum or greater-than-minimum stopping sight distance

should be provided.

 Horizontal Alignment and Super elevation: Horizontal curves are essential

elements in the design of recreational roads. At locations where there is a
tendency to drive slowly, as with local and some circulation roads, a maximum
super elevation rate of 6 percent is suggested. On roads with design speeds of
30 km/h [20 mph] or less, super elevation may not be warranted.

 Sight distance
o Stopping sight distance: 20 – 210 m

o Passing sight distance: 120 -320 m

 Cross Slope: given in Section 5.2 on “Local Rural Roads”

 Cross-Sectional Elements

 Width of Roadway: 3.6 – 7.2 m

 Shoulder width: 0 – 1.2 m

 Number of Lanes: where traffic volume is fewer than 100 vehicles per day, it
may be practical to use a two-way, single-lane roadway
 Structures

 The minimum design loading for new bridges should be MS 13.5

 The vertical clearance at underpasses should be at least 4.3 m

  The clear roadway widths for new and reconstructed bridges should be a
minimum of the surface width plus 1 m
 Roadside Design

 Clear Zones: 3 m or less

 Roadside Slopes: 1V:4H or flatter are preferable

 Roadside Barriers: Should be installed at points of unusual risk

 Signing and Marking: The MUTCD (12) contains details

2. Resource Recovery Roads: This includes mining and logging roads

 Design criteria: same as recreational road

 Super elevation: not more than 6%

 Design speed: 15 – 60 km/h

3. Very low volume local roads (ADT ≤ 400)

 The AASHTO Guidelines for Geometric Design of Very Low-Volume Local Roads
(ADT ≤ 400) (3) addresses the unique needs of such roads and the geometric
designs appropriate to meet those needs.