Name – Soham Ghosh

Class – XII SCIENCE

Board Roll –
Registration No.-
 CERTIFICATE
This to certify that Soham Ghosh of class XII has successfully
completed the investigatory project on the topic “Study of rate of
evaporation of different liquids” under the guidance of MR.
PRADIPTA ROY, MRS. TUMPA GHOSH & MS. TRIPARNA NANDY
during the year 2022-2023 in the partial fulfilment of the Chemistry
practical examination conducted by CBSE.

Signature of Signature of Signature of

Chemistry Teacher Principal External

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the accomplishment of this project successfully, many people have
best owned upon me their blessings and the heart pledge support,
this time I am utilizing to thank all the people who have been
concerned with project

Primarily I would thank God for being able to complete this project
with success. Then I would like to thank my Chemistry Teacher Mr.
Pradipta Ray, Mrs. Tumpa Ghosh & Ms. Triparna Nandy whose
valuable guidance has been the ones that helped me patch this
project and make it full proof success his suggestions and his
instructions has served as the major contribution towards the
completion of the project.
Topics Page No.
1. Objective 2
2. Theory 2-3
3. Materials Required 4
4. Experiment 1 5-6
5. Experiment 2 7-8
6. Experiment 3 9
7. Conclusion 10
8. Bibliography 11

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 Rate of Evaporation of Different Liquids
Objective of Project: In this project, we shall investigate various
factors such as nature of liquid, surface of liquid and temperature and
find their correlation with the rate of evaporation of different liquids.

THEORY:
Factors influencing rate of Evaporation:-

1. Concentration of the substance evaporating in the air: If the air

already has a high concentration of the substance evaporating, then the
givensubstance will evaporate more slowly.

2. Concentration of other substances in the air: If the air is already

saturated with other substances, it can have a lower capacity forth
substance evaporating.

3. Temperature of the substance: If the substance is hotter, then

evaporation will be faster.

4. Flow rate of air: This is in part related to the concentration points

above. If fresh air moves over the substance all the time, then the
concentration of thesubstance in the air is less likely to go up with time,
thus encouraging faster evaporation. In addition, molecules in motion
have more energy than those at rest, and so the stronger the flow of air,
the greater the evaporating power of the airmolecules.

5. Inter-molecular forces: The stronger the forces keeping the molecules

together in the liquid or solid state the more energy that must be input
in order to evaporate them.

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6. Surface area and temperature: The rate of evaporation of liquids
varies directly with temperature. With the increase in the temperature,
fraction of molecules having sufficient kinetic energy to escape out from
the surface alsoincreases. Thus with the increase in temperature rate of
evaporation also increases. Molecules that escape the surface of the
liquids constitute the evaporation.Therefore larger surface area
contributes accelerating evaporation.

7. Nature of Liquids: The magnitude of inter-molecular forces of

attraction in liquid determines the speed of evaporation. Weaker the
inter-molecular forces of attraction larger are the extent of evaporation.

8. Density: The higher the density, the slower a liquid evaporates.

9. Pressure: In an area of less pressure, evaporation happens faster

because there is less exertion on the surface keeping the molecules from
launching themselves.

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MATERIALS REQUIRED:
APPARATUS:
• Three petridishes of diameter 10 cm with covers.
• 10 ml pipette.
• Stop watch.

CHEMICALS:
• Acetone
• Benzene
• Chloroform

Fig 1.0: Petri dish used for experiment

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 Experiment no. 1
Aim: To compare the rates of evaporation of acetone, benzene and
chloroform.

Requirement: Three same size Petri dishes of diameter 10 cm, 10 ml.

pipettes, stop watch, acetone benzene and chloroform.

Procedure:
▪ Clean and dry all Petri dishes and identify them as A, B and C.
▪ Pipette out of 10 ml. acetone in Petri dish "A" with stopper similarly
pipette out of 10 ml. of benzene and chloroform in each of Petri
"B" and "C".
▪ Remove the cover plates from all Petri dishes and start the stop
watch.
▪ Let the Petri dishes remain exposed for 10 minute. Now cover each
of the petridish and note the volume of remaining material in them.

Observation:
Time: 10 min = 600 Sec.

Volume
Petri dishes Liquid Taken Vol. Evap. Rate (V/T)
remaining
Marked (V1) ml. V=V1–V2 ml./s
(V2) ml.
A 10 2 8 8/600=0.0133
B 10 3 7 7/600=0.0116
C 10 4 6 6/600=0.010

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Results:
Rate of evaporation of Acetone is 0.0133 ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Benzene is 0.0166 ml/s.
Rate of evaporation of Chloroform is 0.010 ml/s.

Conclusion:
The intermolecular forces of acetone, benzene and chloroform are in
order: Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.

Fig1.1 Intermolecular forces

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 Experiment no. 2
Aim: To study the effect of surface area on the rate of evaporation of
diethyl ether.

Requirement: Three petri dishes of diameter 2.5 cm, 5cm, 7.5 cm with
cover, 10 ml of pipette and stop watch.

Procedure:
• Clean and dry all petridishes and mark them as A, B and C.
• Pipette out 10 ml of diethyl ether in each of the petridish A, B and
C and cover them immediately.
• Uncover all the 3 petridish and start the stopwatch.
• Note the remaining volume after 10 minutes.

Observation:
Time: 10 minutes = 600 seconds.

Petri dishes Diameter of Remaining Evaporated

Volume Taken (ml.)
Marked P.T.Ds. Vol. (ml.) volume
A 2.5 10 4 6
B 5.0 10 2 8
C 7.5 10 0 10

Result: The order of evaporation of acetone in three petridish are as 7.5

> 5.0 > 2.5.

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Conclusion: Larger the surface area, greater the evaporation.

Fig 2.1 Different petridishes with different surface areas.

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 Experiment no. 3
Aim: To study the effect of temperature on rate of evaporation of
acetone.

Requirement: Two petri dish of 5 cm diameter, stop watch, 10 ml

pipette, thermometer, thermostat.

Procedure:
• Wash, clean, dry the petridish and mark them as A,B
• Pipette out 10 ml of acetone in each of the petridish and cover
them.
• Put one at room temperature and heat the other.
• Note the reading.

Observation:
Time taken 10 minutes = 600 seconds.

Petri dishes Time Evaporated

Temperature (0C) Volume Taken (ml.)
Marked (Sec.) volume (ml.)
A 10 30 10 10
B 20 40 10 10

Result: Evaporation during heating is greater than evaporation at room

temperature.

Conclusion: Evaporation increases with increase in temperature.

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 Fig 3.1: Heating a petridish.

CONCLUSION
Rate of evaporation of the given three liquids is in the order:

Chloroform=0.0133 ml. /s
Benzene=0.0116ml./s
Acetone=0.010ml./s
Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone

▪ The intermolecular forces of acetone, benzene and

chloroform are in order.
▪ Chloroform > Benzene > Acetone.
▪ Larger the surface area, greater the evaporation.
▪ Evaporation increases with increase in temperature.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY

• WWW.WIKIPEDIA.ORG
• WWW.CHEMWORLD.COM
• WWW.QUORA.COM
• WWW.ICBSE.COM

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