SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULES
IN GRADE 12
ACADEMIC TRACK - HUMSS STRAND

QUARTER 1 – WEEK 2 – DAY 2

 Module Code : Pasay-ORALCOM-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

Module in Oral Communication in Context

First Quarter/ Week 2/ Day 2
Learning Objective: Describe various models of communication. EN11/12OC-Ia-3

Today’s Lesson: Models of Communication II

Let’s Review
The previous module talked about models and how it helps to represent and
understand a process or a concept. Specifically, it was about models of communication.
Before we further discuss more about the matter, let’s first recall what we know so far .
Task
Identify what model of communication is illustrated. If the communication model is already identified, explain how it
works by discussing the communication model on the space provided. Explain it in not fewer than five (5) sentences.

1. _________________________ 2. ___________________________

The Interactive Communication Model 3.

_________________________________________________
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References for Enhancement:

http://thecommunicationprocess.com/models-of-communication/
https://www.businesstopia.net/communication/lasswell-communication-model
https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803100459436
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vn-xLASZZ1Y https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHDfF395BRk&t=220s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUGW2d6nXe0
https://www.academia.edu/26760915/Aristotles_Model_of_Communication
https://www.communicationtheory.org/berlos-smcr-model-of-communication/
https://helpfulprofessor.com/communication-models/

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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

What’s New?
The purpose of a “model” is to offer a visual representation of a concept with the intent of facilitating
the understanding of it. There are three basic models of the communication process: Linear, Interactive,
and Transactional, and each offers a slightly different perspective on the communication process. It is now
time to introduce the specific models in each class.
The Linear Models
Aristotle’s Model of Communication
Aristotle (384-322 B.C) was a Greek
philosopher and writer. He proposed
this to emphasize the importance of
audience role in communication
chain in his communication model.
This model is more focused on public
speaking than interpersonal
communication. It has 5 basic
elements(i) Speaker, (ii) Speech, (iii) Occasion, (iv) Audience and (v) Effect. He advised speakers to build
speech for different audience on different time (occasion) and for different effects.
David Berlo’s SMCR Model of Communication (1960)
This model explains it in four
steps: Source, Message,
Channel,
and Receiver. The unique
aspect of Berlo’s model is that it
gives a detailed account of the
key elements in each step that
will affect how well the
message is communicated:
Source: Elements of the source
include communication skills of
the sender, their attitude and
their culture. Message:
Elements of the message
include its content, structure
and code.
Channel: Elements of the channel include the senses of hearing, seeing, touching, smelling, etc. Receiver: Elements
of the receiver include their attitude, knowledge, and culture.

Shannon and Weaver Model

It sees communication occurring in five key
parts: sender, encoder, channel, decoder,
receiver. It emphasizes the importance of
encoding and decoding messages for them to
be sent (e.g. turning them into written words,
Morse code, etc.). During the process of
encoding, sending and decoding, ‘noise’
occurs that can disrupt or cloud a message. In
the most traditional sense, this may be static
on a radio broadcast, or even extend to
mishearing a conversation or misspelling an
email. This model is the first to
introduce/highlight the role of ‘noise’ in
communication, which can disrupt or alter a
message between sender and receiver.

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 Module Code : Pasay-ORALCOM-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

The Transactional Models

By Frank Dance aka Dance’s Helical Model. It sees communication as a

circular process that gets more and more complex as communication
occurs, which can be represented by a helical spiral. It builds on circular
models by explaining how we improve our messages over time by using
feedback. When we communicate with others, their feedback will
influence our next statement. We become more knowledgeable with each
cycle of communication, enabling up to ‘expand our circle’, as represented
by the increasingly wider and wider circles. The movement up the spiral
indicates that each communication practice is new and different from the
previous, as communication does not ever perfectly repeat itself.

Also check under this The Barnlund’s Transactional Model. This model
of communication highlights the role of private and public cues that impact
our messages.
The Interactive Models

The Osgood-Schramm model explores communication

that is equal and reciprocal. It does not differentiate
between the sender and receiver but sees each as being
in an equal position as message encoders and decoders.
This model is best for explaining and examining
personal synchronous communication where feedback is
immediate (such as face-to-face discussions). As
feedback is immediate, noise can be reduced through
ongoing clarification of messages during the
conversation.

Also check under the Interactive Models the Westley and MacLean’s Model of Communication. This model shows that
our communication is influenced by environmental, cultural and personal factors.

What’s More?

Check these videos on YouTube. They explain these models of communication in a

fun and informative way.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yUGW2d6nXe0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=05FMqwe70Ws
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xuJKEqiv0XQ

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 Module Code : Pasay-ORALCOM-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

Activities
Complete the following tasks.
Generalization / Evaluation
Task 1: L et’s m a k e a Min d Map !

A mind map is a diagram used to visually organize

information. A mind map is hierarchical and shows relationships
among pieces of the whole. It is created around a single concept,
drawn as an image in the center of a blank page, to which
associated representations of ideas such as images, words and parts
of words are added. See the example. Your task is to create a mind
map about the three models of communication with specific models
by different proponents. This is like summarizing the entire topic
using the mind map you are going to create. Create your mind map
on the box below.

Application
Task 2 : Speak your mind

Select three (3) specific models of communication discussed in this module that you would
explain by providing a concrete or specific example. Discuss how the communication works in
the example you are going to choose.
Write your response on the space provided.

E.g. I watch the news on national television every day. My favorite is the evening news where the
news anchor reads the news and sometimes gives his/her opinion about it. It is often followed by a a
video of reporter on the field. This is an example of Linear Communication. Shannon and Weaver
Model to be specific. Message is delivered through a device and as a listener or watcher I may never
have the opportunity for feedback to the sender of the message. It is one way communication.

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References
Online resource
http://thecommunicationprocess.com/models-of-communication/
https://www.communicationtheory.org/wp-
content/uploads/2011/06/shannon_weaver_model.jpg
https://www.businesstopia.net/communication.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mind_map https://helpfulprofessor.com/communication-models/
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/professionalcomms/chapter/3-2-the-communication-process-
communication-
Images
https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Feveryaustraliancounts.com.au%2Fndis -review-5-things-
http://thecommunicationprocess.com/models-of-communication/
https://www.communicationtheory.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/
https://www.google.com.ph/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irisreading.com%2Fmind-map%
https://pressbooks.bccampus.ca/professionalcomms/chapter/3-2-the-communication-process-
communication--
Videos
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uWuNfhDvZz8

Writer: Jonathan Baltazar Mangao

Pasay City South High School

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 Module Code : Pasay-MIL-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION-NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

First Quarter/ Week 2 / Day 2

OBJECTIVE:
Editorializes the roles and functions of media in democratic society - MIL11/12EMIL-IIIb-6

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY

• Roles and Functions of Media in a Democratic Society
TRY TO DISCOVER

Read the excerpts below about the Roles and Functions of Media in a Democratic Society.
Then answer the following question:
1. What are roles and functions of media? Explain each role and function.

An excerpt from ROLE OF MEDIA IN
DEMOCRACY
Media has a very big role to play in a
democracy and its stature is in no way less than that
of politicians. Hence it is rightly called the fourth
Pillar of democracy i.e. Fourth Estate. It is through
media that people become aware of so many aspects
of life of which they are normally ignorant.
Democracy is meaningless without a free, neutral and
active media. Media is often referred to as the fourth
branch of government because of the power they
wield and the oversight function they exercise.
The role of the press as ‘watchdog’ is a
traditional characterization of the role of the news
media in particular. This watchdog role can take
many forms depending on the nature of the medium
concerned, as well as on the state of democracy and
development in a particular country. Essentially, this
role is to provide information – to be the ‘eyes and
ears’ of the public in monitoring what is happening in
public life by reporting on daily events as they
unfold.
The role of media as ‘detective’ is a critical
adjunct to the role of the press as public watchdog;
however, it is dealt with separately here to emphasize
the difference between reporting on public affairs,
and journalistic investigations into wrongdoing in the
administration of public affairs. When journalists are
well trained and have trusted sources of information,
the press is able to investigate wrongdoing by public
Name: ___________________________________
officials. This includes perpetrating fraud or engaging
in corruption in order to divert and personally benefit
from public funds or other public resources.
https://legaldesire.com/role-of-media-in-democracy/
An excerpt from THE ROLE OF THE MEDIA IN A
DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY Speaking notes by Dr.
J.P. Shea, NATO Spokesman
The media as the 'fourth estate': basic functions of
the media in a democratic society.
* inform the public on what is going on: inform
democratic choices through the clarification of
complex issues, particularly in an age when
information is the driving force of economic
advancement and international events impact on
people's daily lives as never before;
• provoke public debates leading to greater
public participation in important decisions;
• uncover abuses, pressure for their
rectification;
• alert and mobilize public opinion to
humanitarian causes/injustices;
• allow political pluralism to express itself by
advertising different views/ ideological
approaches to certain issues;
• keep politicians attuned to public opinion
while offering politicians a medium to
explain policies/decisions to public opinion
and build the necessary support.
https://www.nato.int/docu/speech/1998/s980702c.htm
Functions of Media in Democratic Society
https://jonaliciousblog.wordpress.com/2018/12/03/rol
es-and-function-of-media-in-democratic-society/

References for Further Enhancement: Roles and Functions of Media in a Democratic Society
https://prezi.com/4mxon9xarth3/roles-and-functions-of- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=biTUC_YWVI8
media-in-democratic-society/

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 Module Code : Pasay-MIL-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

ARE YOU READY TO PRACTICE?

• The text that you have read above are the roles and functions of media in a democratic
society. Are there other roles and functions that you can add as you have gone with the
references for further enhancement? What are they? Enumerate them here:
Roles
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
Functions
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
• With your responses above, I strongly believe you are ready to go on with the next
practice exercises. Carry on and enjoy!

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1
• Using the table below, enumerate and explain briefly the roles and functions of media in our
country.

Role of Media Function of Media

1. ______________________________ 1. ______________________________
_______________________________ ______________________________
_______________________________ ______________________________

2. _______________________________ 2. ______________________________
_______________________________ ______________________________
_______________________________ ______________________________

3. _______________________________
_______________________________
_______________________________
3. ______________________________
______________________________
______________________________

4. _______________________________
4. ______________________________
_______________________________
______________________________
_______________________________
______________________________

5. _______________________________
5. ______________________________
_______________________________
______________________________
_______________________________
______________________________

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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE 2
• Analyze the cartoon/poster below, then answer the question on the box beside the picture.

When it comes to role and function of media in the

Philippines, what does the cartoon suggest? Do you
agree? Why or why not?
_______________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

https://www.getrealphilippines.com/2012/01/medias-role-in-philippine-society-undermines-rather-than-strengthens-the-process-of-seeking-truth/

When it comes to role and function of media, is

censorship necessary? Why or why not?

_______________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________

http://targetgdpi.com/2014/03/media-censorship-good-or-bad.html

PRACTICE EXERCISE 3
• With the help of your parents/siblings/relatives, draw a cartoon portraying how the Philippine
media performs its roles and functions in our country. Explain the message of your cartoon in
five sentences.

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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

____________________________________________________________________________________________
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_______________________________________________________________________________________________.

GENERALIZATION
• How will you describe the roles and functions of media in a democratic society? Say it in front of your
family/relatives as your audience.

EVALUATION
1. Which of the following are the roles of media in a democratic society?
i. Media is the watchdog of the society.
ii. Media is the surveillance of the government
iii. Media is the eyes and ears of the people in a democratic society
iv. Media monitors what is happening in the a democratic society

A. i
B. i and ii
C. i, iii and iv
D. i, ii, iii and iv

2. What are the functions of media in a democratic society?

i. Media informs the public of what is going on the government.
ii. Media leads public debates to greater public participation in important decision.
iii. Media alerts and mobilizes public opinion to humanitarian causes/injustices
iv. Media gives all the information without verification of the truthfulness of the information
A. i
B. ii
C. i, ii and iii
D. i, ii, iii and iv

3. Which of the following situation portrays the role of media in a democratic society?
A. Angela, a reporter reports what is happening in the government.
B. Danna creates a video about how to bake a banana cake.
C. Mayeen creates tiktoks and upload her tiktoks in FB.
D. Rhea Mae holds a public debate about fake news.

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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

4. Why is media important to a democratic society?

A. Democracy is meaningless without a free neutral and active media.
B. Media can divert the attention of the people in the society.
C. People can use media for their leisure and entertainment,
D. Entrepreneur can use media to introduce their products.

5. Alwin is a reporter of one of the biggest station in the Philippines. He reported the abused done by the police
officer to a netizen who was not able to wear his face mask. What function of media depicts in the above
situation?
A. It uncovers abuses or pressure by the public authorities.
B. It informs the public of what one going on in the government.
C. It holds public debates to get greater public opinion or decision.
D. It allows/ alert or mobilizes public opinion for humanitarian injustices.

References
Muller, Lisa (2014). The Functions of the Media for Democracy. Retrieved: June 17, 2020
https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1057%2F9781137391384_3
https://www.slideshare.net/arnielping/mil-key-concepts-in-media-literacy-and-questions-to-ask-in-analyzing-media-messages
https://www.scribd.com/presentation/409083706/3-the-Roles-and-Functions-of-MEDIA-in-A
https://www.slideshare.net/iDebate/role-of-the-media-in-the-democratic-society

Writer: MERLY B. NAZARENO

Kalayaan National High School

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 Module Code : Pasay-UCSP-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS

First Quarter/ Week 2/ Day 2

1. Lesson
2. Social, Political, and Cultural Change

What’s In
As time evolves, there are so many changes and transformations happened in
our society and cultures. It happened not only locally but also in globally. So then, this
activity will test your social and cultural awareness and sensitivity on what observations
have you seen and felt in the present time by looking in the past. You will cite your real-
life experiences or you may ask your parents or siblings.

COMMUNICATION
PAST

PRESENT

EDUCATION
PAST

PRESENT

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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

What’s New
Social, Political, and Cultural Change

Social change is the transformation of social institutions over time. Cultural change, on
the other hand, is the transformation of culture or the way people live.
▪ Communication is a vital human process. Through communication, people
exchange information and thoughts.
▪ Unlike in the older times, communication made easier.
▪ Nowadays, people can share information in just a click. New media – social
networking, texting (text messaging), through e-mail, and the likes – have defied
time and distance.
▪ While it makes the world as if borderless, this form of communication may
produce individuals who lack the basic understanding of direct and personal
connection.
Transnational Families
A transnational family is where one parent, or in some cases parents, lives and works
in another country while the children remain in their country of origin.
While these families remain secured financially, its members are also exposed to its
setbacks.
Children who become overly unsupervised find themselves meeting up with peer
pressure, over independence, and lack of family orientation. These may result in alcohol
or drug abuse, unwanted pregnancy, mood swings, or early marriage.
Political change happens when the rulers of a country lose power or when the type of
governance in the country changes. Governance is the kind of system or ideology used to
express authority in a country. It may be a democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and others.
Local public services are provided by the government to people living within its
jurisdiction, either directly (through the public sector) or by financing provision of
services.
Youth Volunteerism
Volunteerism is the use or involvement of a volunteer or free labor in community
services.
Mechanisms of Changes
There are different mechanisms or tools of social and cultural changes.

Diffusion is the process through which the cultural traits of one society are borrowed,
transmitted, and adopted by another one and considered as its own.
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Examples:
▪ Migration
▪ Globalization
Invention is the process whereby new cultural elements are created to solve social and
cultural problems.
Example: Internet
Discovery is the process whereby we recognize or gain a better understanding of already
existing elements present in the environment.
Example: Scientific Research

Changes within Society

Change is said to be constant. It is inevitable. It is expected to happen. No one can stop
it. But the big question is what makes it happen. Of course, there are many factors-
social, political, or cultural.
Along with time, people, environment, and ideologies change. People move in and move
out. People live and die. People’s stories and experiences change. People make
discoveries and innovations.
Environment change as well-nature, water, earth minerals, climate, seasons, sources of
raw materials, and energy.
New knowledge replaces the old ones. Slavery has been banned. Civil rights are granted
to those who were once deprived of it. Same-sex marriage is in its worldwide recognition.
Everything changes. Nothing is permanent but change, so they say.
And all these contribute significantly to changes people experience socially, politically,
and culturally.

Do This!
Picture Perfect

Write in your notebook of what have you observed

DIRECTIONS: Using the Venn Diagram
during the Covid-19 Pandemic case situation in the Philippines?

SOCIAL POLITICAL CULTURAL

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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

Are you Aware Activity

DIRECTIONS Identify at least 5 social, cultural, political change in your Barangay

during Enhance Community Quarantine.

Social Change Cultural Change Political Change

1. 1. 1.

2. 2. 2.

3. 3. 3.

4. 4. 4.

5 5. 5.

References
https://www.jstor.org/stable/1389779?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents

https://www.encyclopedia.com/reference/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/ethnic-variationethnicity

https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-differences-between-nationality-and-ethnicity.html

https://www.academia.edu/35873701/Cultural_Variations_and_Social_Differences_Socioeconomic_Class

http://www.opentextbooks.org.hk/ditatopic/6201https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_variation

AUTHOR : JONATHAN F. BATAC

SCHOOL : PASAY CITY EAST HIGH SCHOOL

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 Module Code : Pasay-PR2-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION – NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY

MODULE IN PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

First Quarter/ Week 2/ Day 2

OBJECTIVE: Illustrate the types of variables in a given experimental research.

YOUR LESSON FOR TODAY!

During your junior high school years particularly in the subject mathematics, you often
hear these terms when dealing with functions – the dependent and independent variables.
The definition also applies to research especially in experimental investigations.
Dependent and independent variables are important because they drive the research
process and help researchers peruse their studies with maximum curiosity.

Let us try what you know about dependent and independent variable!

WHAT I KNOW?

List possible independent variables from the given dependent variable. (Adapted from the office of research
integrity)

Asthma
Dependent Variable

WHAT’S NEW!
Experimental research is a study that strictly adheres scientific research design. It includes a
hypothesis, a variable that can be manipulated by the researcher, and variables that can be measured,
calculated, and compared. Most importantly, experimental research is completed in a controlled
environment. Variables in an experimental research seek to determine the existing relationship between
the variables – the independent variable and dependent variable.
In an experiment, it has usually three kinds of variables: independent, dependent, and controlled. In
doing so, they use experiments to search for cause and effect relationships.
✓ Dependent variable
o the variable being tested ad measured in an experiment
o Things that the researcher focus his or her observations on to see how they respond to the change
made to the independent variable.
o Examples
▪ Depression symptoms
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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

✓ Independent variable
o The one that is changed by the researchers
o It is the variable the experimenter changes or controls and is assumed to have a direct effect on
the dependent variables
o Examples
▪ Gender, educational level

✓ Controlled variable
o Are quantities that a researcher wants to remain constant, and she or he must observe them
carefully.
o It is an element that is not changed throughout an experiment.
o Examples
▪ Temperature, amount of light, constant humidity, using the same type of materials

In an experiment, the researcher is looking for the possible effect on the dependent variable that might
be caused by changing the dependent variable.

Condition A
Independent Dependent
Influences
Variable Condition B Variable

Illustration 1
Example1:
Question: How does the size of the dog affect how much food it eats?
The independent variable is the size of the dog and the dependent variable is how much the dog eats. The
controlled variable would be how hungry the dog is at the start of the experiment, the type of food you are
feeding them, and whether the food was a type they liked.
Example2:
Situation: When length of time since independence is held constant, democracies are more stable than
dictatorships.
IV: type of government DV: stability CV: time since independence

Generalization
Variable A quality or condition that can change
Independent Variable A variable that you can control

Dependent Variable A variable that you can observe and measure

Controlled variable A variable that is kept the same for all
conditions
References:

1. McLeod, S. A. (2019, August 01). What are independent and dependent variables. Simply Psychology.
https://www.simplypsychology.org/variables
Harland, D. J. (n.d.). Types of Research.
https://www.scincebuddies.org/science

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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1 (Adapted from Pinterest)
DIRECTIONS: Sort out each pair of phrases and write the phrase on the kind of variable.
determine
Independent Dependent
years spent in Likelihood
smoking of getting cancer

ice cream
scones sold temperature

Value of a car age of a car

the number of the number of pies

apples picked that can be made

time of the year minutes of daily

sunlight

umber of miles calories burnt

ran

money for tickets presold

decorations to a play

hours spent grade earned

in studying on test

WHAT IS IT?
PRACTICE EXERCISES 2 depends on

A. Identify which is the dependent and independent variable

1. In a psychology experiment, researchers want to discover if listening to classical music helps students earn better
grades on a math exam.
Dependent: _______________________________________________________________
Independent: ______________________________________________________________

2. Researchers are interested in seeing how long it takes people to respond to different sounds.
Dependent: _______________________________________________________________
Independent: ______________________________________________________________

3. You want to compare brands of paper towels, to see which holds the most liquid.
Dependent: _______________________________________________________________
Independent: ______________________________________________________________

4. You want to see if playing music makes plant grow taller.

Dependent: _______________________________________________________________
Independent: ______________________________________________________________

5. A florist wants to see if Product X the life of cut flowers so that they last longer.
Dependent: _______________________________________________________________
Independent: ______________________________________________________________

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Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

6. You want to test drug that supposedly prevents sneezing in people allergic to grass.
Dependent: _______________________________________________________________
Independent: ______________________________________________________________

7. You think that certain part of your brain is important in memory. To test this, you will remove this part of the brain
from rats and see if they remember how to get through the maze.
Dependent: _______________________________________________________________
Independent: ______________________________________________________________
8. Researchers are interested in looking at how alcohol use influences reaction times while driving.
DV: _______________________________________________________________
IV: _______________________________________________________________

9. In a study to determine whether how long a student sleeps affects test scores,
DV: _______________________________________________________________
IV: _______________________________________________________________

10. If you want to know whether caffeine affects your appetite

DV: _______________________________________________________________
IV: _______________________________________________________________

PRACTICE EXERCISES 3
Adopted livewroksheets.com
Identify the dependent, independent variable, and controlled variable in each experiment.
1. Effect of Bio – fertilizer ‘X’ on plant growth

Independent Dependent Controlled

2. A group of students was allowed to listen to music during a test while the other group was not. Test
scores were then collected and compared.
Independent Dependent Controlled

3. Media attention is necessary for a candidate to succeed in a primary election.

Independent Dependent Controlled

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 Module Code : Pasay-PR2-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

EVALUATION
A. Directions: Choose the best option. Write your answers on the space provided.

_____ 1. If I release 10 spiders into a room and measure how long it takes people to get out of the room, what is
the independent variable?
A. the spiders B. the people C. the amount of time D. the room

Position Education Tenure track

Substitute Teacher High School Diploma No
Adjunct Faculty Assocuate’s Degree No
Associate Professor Bachelor’s Degree Yes
Assistant Professor Master’s Degree Yes
Professor Doctorate Yes
_____ 3. Using the chart of qualitative variable above, what type of variable is education?
A. Nominal B. Ordinal C. Binary D. Discrete
_____4. Using the chart of qualitative variable above, why would the position be considered as nominal
variable?
A. The label describes the position by name
B. The label lists the position in order
C. The label rates the position
D. The label ranks the position
_____ 5. Which variable is the same for each test subject in an experiment?
A. Dependent B. Independent C. Control

_____ 6. In a study of the effect of the amount of TV viewing on children’s aggressiveness, amount of TV
viewing would be what type of variable?
A. independent B. dependent C. control D. extraneous
_____ 7. In a study of the effect of pleasure reading on vocabulary level, the vocabulary level is considered
what type of variable?
A. independent B. dependent C. control D. extraneous
_____ 8. The activity or characteristic the researcher believes makes a difference.
A. Dependent B. Independent C. Control D. Ratio
_____ 9. Are variables that is sometimes overlooked by the researchers.
A. Dependent B. Independent C. Control D. Ratio
_____ 10. Difference in group(s) that occurs as a result of the manipulation.
A. Dependent B. Independent C. Control D. Ratio

MODULE WRITER: DENNIS M. MASIRAG

PASAY CITY SOUTH HIGH SCHOOL

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 Module Code : Pasay-CNF-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION

SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN CREATIVE NONFICTION
First Quarter/ Week 2/ Day 2

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW (OBJECTIVE): Construct literary elements using one own’s
experience

Your lesson for today:

If there is one thing that you surely missed during this pandemic is Travelling. You wished you
can go to a beach, an amusement park, or any place in your travel wish list. You imagine
yourself sunbathing in the beach, strolling in the park with your family and friends, eating
exotic foods and meeting new friends.
But don’t be sad. You will create a travelogue of the places you have visited already. Get your phone
and look into your photo gallery to see if there is one place you have visited that really made a lasting
impression on you.
A TRAVELOGUE is another kind on Nonfiction text.it is a person’s account of a journey to another
place. It can either be a written report with many factual details or a narrative story about personal impressions
and experiences. A travelogue has to be written in the First Person to describe the place the writer has visited.
To make your Travelogue vivid and clear to the reader, you will use one literary element, the SETTING.

What is Setting?
Setting is a literary element on the time and location within a narrative, either fiction or nonfiction. The
setting sets the mood of the story.
To help you in describing the setting in your Travelogue, you need to use vivid descriptive sensory
words so your readers who have not been to the place you are describing can imagine through your words the
place, the feelings you want to share.
Here are examples of words you can use in describing a place.
Desert-harsh, dry, arid, sparse, severe, hot
Rock-a harp, rough, jagged, angular
Grasses-windblown, pale green, brown, dry
Sand- coarse, fine, glittering, rippling
Sky-pale, intense, crimson, dark
City-active, bustling, loud, congested, noisy
Buildings-old, shabby, rundown, modern, artsy
___________________________________________________________________________________
Reference For Further Enhancement:
https://writeshop.com/choosing-vocabulary-to-describe-a-place/
https://academichelp.net/creative-writing/write-travelogue.html

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 Module Code : Pasay-CNF-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

Read this excerpt from a travelogue and see how the use of descriptive words created a vision in the
mind of the reader about the place.
“And if you have sunset obsessions and you’re a nature lover like me, then Boracay is a paradise for
you. You will get to witness serene beaches with a rhythmic sounds of waves and multi-color sunsets that
freezes that very moment that makes you speechless.”

Practice Exercise 1

Create interesting, vivid sentences by making the “Boring sentence” and adding sensory details.
Make up details to construct the new sentence.

Example:(Boring sentence) It was a cold morning.

New sentence: The frigid morning air and gray sky did not stop me from inhaling the fresh smell of rain.
1. The house is old.
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

2. The trip was fun.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

3. The food is delicious.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

4. The park is full.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

5. The sea is blue.

____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________

Practice Exercise 2
Read each topic sentence. Think of what might see, hear, feel, smell, taste in each setting. Then
finish each paragraph by adding three sentences to develop the topic.
1.There was a huge crowd at the concert.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
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 Module Code : Pasay-CNF-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

2.My first day of lockdown was frightening.
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
3. I saw my friends after three long months.
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________

Generalization
Setting is a literary element that describes the time and place where the story happened. Both
fiction and nonfiction texts use setting to help create the mood and the atmosphere in the story.
Sensory words are words that appeal to the five senses (smell .sight, sound, taste and
touch).The use of sensory words help in making the words come alive and make the writing more
interesting and captivating.
A travelogue is an example of creative non-fiction that describes a place that the writer has
visited. It is not simply a description of a place but it should integrate literary elements to make the
writing more vivid.

Evaluation: Let us say that you have a friend from another country who is visiting the Philippines for the
first time. Write a travelogue about your hometown/city/province. Use sensory words.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
References: online
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Moratilla, Noel Christian A. “Claiming Spaces: Understanding, Reading, and Writing creative Nonfiction”(2016)
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
https://www.writeawriting.com/academic-writing/travelogue-a-short-guide/
________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________

Writer: LEONIDA H. SERRANO

Master Teacher II, PCEHS
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 Module Code : Pasay-PPG-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION- NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF PASAY CITY
MODULE IN PHILIPPINE POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
First Quarter/ Week 2/ Day 2

What I Need to Know

OBJECTIVE: Compare and Contrast Ideology and Political Ideology

What’s New

DIRECTIONS: Arrange the jumbled letters to form a new word. Write your answer inside the box.

MANSICHAR GISMCOELO

MILSIACOS MSINEMFI

RALMSIEBIL RATUISMTICULM
UL
SERTISMVACON MSILANOITNA

ISMCSAF LISMFUNMENTAD
A
What is It

IDEOLOGY AND POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

Ideology – it comes from French ideologie, meaning the study or science of ideas. A system of ideals,
especially one which forms the basis of economic or political theory and policy

o It is a set of normative beliefs and values that a person or other entity has for non-epistemic reasons.
o Epistemology – from the Greek episteme, meaning ‘knowledge’, is the branch of philosophy concerned with
the theory of knowledge. It is the study of the nature of knowledge, justification, and the rationality of
belief.
o Ideology was coined by Antoine Destutt de Tracy, a French Enlightenment aristocrat and philosopher, who
conceived it in 1796 as the “science of ideas” during the French Reign of Terror by trying to develop a
rational system of ideas to oppose the irrational impulses of the mob.
o As defined by French Marxist philosopher Lois Althusser, ideology is “the imagined existence (or idea) of
things as it relates to the real conditions of existence”

Political ideology – it is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social
movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political
and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.

o It largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political
parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of
related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them.
Anarchism – it came from the ancient Greek word anarkhia, meaning “without a ruler”, composed of the
prefix a (i.e. without) and the word arkhos (leader or ruler); the word “ism” denotes the ideological current that
favors anarchy. It is an anti-authoritarian political and social philosophy that rejects hierarchies deemed
unjust and advocates their replacement with self-managed, self-governed societies based on voluntary,
cooperative institutions
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 Module Code : Pasay-PPG-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

o These institutions are often described as stateless societies, although there are other authors have defined
them more specifically as distinct institutions based on non-hierarchical or free.
o It is usually placed on the far-left of the political spectrum

❖ A political spectrum is a system to characterize and classify different political positions in relation to
one another upon one or more geometric axes that represent independent political dimensions.

Socialism – for Andrew Vincent, the word socialism finds its root in the Latin sociare, which means to
combine or share. The related, more technical term in Roman and then medieval law was societas. This latter
word could mean companionship and fellowship as well as the more legalistic idea of a consensual contract
between freemen.

o The term “socialism” was created by Henri de Saint-Simon, one of the founders of what would later be
labelled “utopian socialism”. Simon coined the term as a contrast to the liberal doctrine of “individualism,”
which stressed that people act or should act as if they are in the isolation from one another.
o A range of economic and social systems characterised by social ownership of the means of production and
workers’ self-management, as well as the political theories and movements associated with them. Social
ownership can be public, collective or cooperative ownership, or a citizenship ownership of equity.
Liberalism – “liber”, means free. It is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the
governed, and equality before the law. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their
understanding of these principles, but they generally support limited government, individual rights (including
civil rights and human rights), capitalism (free markets), democracy, secularism, gender equality, racial
equality, internationalism, freedom of speech, freedom of the press, and freedom of religion. Yellow is the
political color most commonly associated with liberalism.

Conservatism – a political and social philosophy promoting traditional social institutions in the context of
culture and civilization. The central tents of conservatism include:

- Tradition - Authority - Organic society

- Hierarchy - Property rights
Conservatives seek to preserve a range of institutions such as religion, parliamentary government, and
property rights, with the aim of emphasizing social stability and continuity.
The more traditional elements – reactionaries – opposed modernism and seek a return to the way things
were.
Fascism – is a form of far right, authoritarian ultranationalism characterized by dictatorial power, forcible
suppression of opposition, and strong regimentation of society and of the economy which came to prominence
in early 20th century Europe.

o The Italian term fascism is derived from fascio meaning a bundle of sticks, ultimately from the Latin
word fasces. This was the name given to political organizations in Italy known as fasci, groups similar
to guilds/syndicates.
o Fascism is place on the far-right within the traditional left-right spectrum.
o Fascists believe that liberal democracy is obsolete and regard the complete mobilization of society
under a totalitarian one-party state as necessary to prepare a nation for armed conflict and to respond
effectively to economic difficulties. Such a state is led by a strong leader – such as a dictator and a

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 Module Code : Pasay-PPG-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

martial government composed of the members of the governing fascist party – to forge national unity
and maintain a stable and orderly society.
Ecologism – aka Green politics, or eco politics, is a political ideology that aims to foster an ecologically
sustainable society rooted in environmentalism, nonviolence, social justice and grassroots democracy.

o The political term “green” was used initially in relation to die Grunen (German for the “greens”), a green
party formed in the late 1970s.
o Supporters of green politics share many ideas with the ecology, conservatism, environmentalism,
feminist and peace movements.
Green party platforms are largely considered left in the political spectrum. The green ideology has
connections with various other ecocentric political ideologies, including ecosocialism, ecoanarchism,
and econofeminism
Feminism – Charles Fourier, a utopian socialist and French philosopher, is credited with having coined the
word “feminisme” in 1837.

o The words “feminisme” and “feministe” first appeared in France and the Netherlands in 1872, Great
Britain in the 1890s, and the United States in 1910.
o Feminism is a range of social movements, political movements, and ideologies that share a common
goal: to define, establish, and achieve the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the
sexes.
o Feminism incorporates the position that societies prioritize the male point of view, and that women are
treated unfairly within those societies.
o Efforts to change that include fighting gender stereotypes and seeking to establish educational and
professional opportunities for women that are equal to those for men.
Multiculturalism – as a political philosophy involves ideologies and policies which vary widely. It has been
described as a salad bowl and as a cultural mosaic, in contrast to a melting pot.
o In the political philosophy of multiculturalism, ideas are focused on the ways in which societies are
either believed to or should, respond to cultural and religious differences. It is often associated with
“identity politics”, “the politics of difference,” and the “politics of recognition.” It is also a matter of
economic interests and political power.
Nationalism – is an ideology and movement that promotes the interests of a particular nation (as in a group
of people), especially with the aim of gaining and maintaining the nation’s sovereignty (self-governance) over
its homeland.
o Nationalism holds that each nation should govern itself, free from outside interference (self-
determination), that a nation is a natural and ideal basis for a polity, and that the nation is the only
rightful source of political power (popular sovereignty). It further aims to build and maintain a single
national identity – based on shared social characteristics such as culture, language, religion, politics
and belief in a shared singular history and to promote national unity or solidarity.
Fundamentalism – usually has a religious connotation that includes unwavering attachment to a set of
irreducible beliefs. However, fundamentalism has come to be applied to a tendency among certain groups –
mainly, although not exclusively, in religion – that is characterized by a markedly strict literalism as it is
applied to certain specific scriptures, dogmas or ideologies and a strong sense of the importance of
maintaining in group and outgroup distinctions.

What’s More
DIRECTIONS: Identify what kind of Political Ideology the following symbols represents:

_______________________________ ___________________________________

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 Module Code : Pasay-PPG-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

_______________________________ ___________________________________

What I Have Learned

1. IDEOLOGY

2. POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

3. KINDS OF POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

4. DIFFERENTIATE IDEOLOGY FROM POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

What I Can Do

ON LEADERSHIP

DIRECTIONS: Research the political ideology of the following countries. Explain how politics or
political ideologies affects the economic, social and peace aspect of the land.

1. ITALY
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

2. UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

3. SERBIA
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

4. JAPAN
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

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 Module Code : Pasay-PPG-Q1-W2-D2

Name : ________________________________________ Strand : ____________________

5. PHILIPPINES
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________

Assessment

DIRECTIONS: Using a VENN DIAGRAM COMPARE AND CONTRAST IDEOLOGY AND POLITICAL
IDEOLOGY

IDEOLOGY
POLITICAL IDEOLOGY

A. References

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1RLNS_enPH909PH909&q=symbol+of+feminism&tbm=isch&chips=q
:symbol+of+feminism,g_1:international:joJigt3Q4i8%3D&usg=AI4_-
kQzVsOBmMRzJsCpRE5bO_FaF_jIQw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq8bcgcHqAhWYzTgGHbGxDo4QgIoDKAB6BAgK
EAQ&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=AF8LxXl8uEXLoM

https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1RLNS_enPH909PH909&q=symbol+of+feminism&tbm=isch&chips=q
:symbol+of+feminism,g_1:international:joJigt3Q4i8%3D&usg=AI4_-
kQzVsOBmMRzJsCpRE5bO_FaF_jIQw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq8bcgcHqAhWYzTgGHbGxDo4QgIoDKAB6BAgK
EAQ&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=AF8LxXl8uEXLoM
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1RLNS_enPH909PH909&q=symbol+of+feminism&tbm=isch&chips=q
:symbol+of+feminism,g_1:international:joJigt3Q4i8%3D&usg=AI4_-
kQzVsOBmMRzJsCpRE5bO_FaF_jIQw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq8bcgcHqAhWYzTgGHbGxDo4QgIoDKAB6BAgK
EAQ&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=AF8LxXl8uEXLoM
https://www.google.com/search?rlz=1C1RLNS_enPH909PH909&q=symbol+of+feminism&tbm=isch&chips=q
:symbol+of+feminism,g_1:international:joJigt3Q4i8%3D&usg=AI4_-
kQzVsOBmMRzJsCpRE5bO_FaF_jIQw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwieq8bcgcHqAhWYzTgGHbGxDo4QgIoDKAB6BAgK
EAQ&biw=1366&bih=657#imgrc=AF8LxXl8uEXLoM
https://www.shutterstock.com/image-illustration/-capitalism-1476801ecologism50
Philippine Politics and Governance R.A.Pawilen/Reidan M. Pawilen pp 2- 8

A Compendium of Daily Lesson Plans and Resource Materials in Philippine Politics and Governance

Prepared By:
FE DEL MUNDO- REYNALDO
Pasay City South High School

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