AL-Farabi University College

Medical Laboratory Technologies Department

Human Genetics
3rd stage
Practical part

Lab.1

Dr. Abdalkader S. Latif

M.SC. Mays H. Albaaj
Human Genetics

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Human Genetics

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Human Genetics

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Human Genetics

Genome
 Your Genome is the instructions for making and maintaining you.
All living things have a genome; plants, bacteria, viruses and animals.
 Your genome is all 3.2 billion letters of your DNA. It contains around 20,000
genes.

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Human Genetics

Genes
 A gene is the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are made
up of DNA.
Some genes act as instructions to make molecules called proteins. However,
many genes do not code for proteins.
 Every person has two copies of each gene, one inherited from each parent.
Most genes are the same in all people, but a small number of genes (less than
1 percent of the total) are slightly different between people. Alleles are forms
of the same gene with small differences in their sequence of DNA bases.
These small differences contribute to each person’s unique physical features.

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Human Genetics

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Human Genetics

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Human Genetics

A chromosome is an organized package of DNA found in the nucleus of the cell.

Different organisms have different numbers of chromosomes.
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
22 pairs of numbered chromosomes, called autosomes, and one pair of sex
chromosomes, X and Y. Each parent contributes one chromosome to each pair so
that offspring get half of their chromosomes from their mother and half from their
father.

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Human Genetics

A karyotype is an individual's collection of chromosomes.

The term also refers to a laboratory technique that produces an image of an
individual's chromosomes.
The karyotype is used to look for abnormal numbers or structures of chromosomes.