Figure 1: The unadjusted gender pay gap, 2020

(difference between average gross hourly earnings of male and female employees as % of male gross earnings)

EU 13.0
Euro area 14.1

Latvia 22.3
Estonia 21.1
Austria 18.9
Germany 18.3
Hungary 17.2
Finland 16.7
Czechia(²) 16.4
France 15.8
Slovakia 15.8
Netherlands 14.2
Denmark 13.9 The unadjusted gender pay gap, 2020
Lithuania
Bulgaria
13.0
12.7
(difference between average gross hourly earnings of male and female employees as % of male gross
Portugal 11.4 earnings)
Ireland(³) 11.3
Croatia 11.2
Sweden 11.2
Greece(³) 10.4 25
Malta 10.0
Spain 9.4
Cyprus 9.0
Belgium 5.3 20
Poland 4.5
Italy 4.2
Slovenia 3.1
Romania(¹) 2.4 15
Luxembourg 0.7

Switzerland 18.4
10
Iceland 13.4
Norway(²) 13.0

Czechia(²)

Romania(¹)

Luxembourg
Netherlands

Switzerland
Ireland(³)

Greece(³)

Norway(²)
Euro area

Germany

Denmark

Lithuania

Belgium
Hungary

Bulgaria

Slovenia
Portugal

Cyprus
Estonia

Finland

France

Slovakia

Sweden

Poland

Iceland
Austria

Croatia
Latvia

Malta

Spain

Italy
EU

Note: For all the countries except Czechia and Iceland: data for enterprises employing 10 or more employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S (-O);
Czechia: data for enterprises employing 1 or more employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S; Iceland: NACE Rev. 2 sections C to H, J, K, P, Q.
Gender pay gap data for 2020 are provisional until benchmark figures, taken from the Structure of Earnings survey, become available in Decem-
ber 2024
(¹) Estimated data
(²) Definition differs (see metadata)
(³) 2018 data
Source: Eurostat (online data code: sdg_05_20)

file:///C:/Program
%20Files/DI-
aLOGIKa/Eurostat
%20Layout/Logo/Eu-
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Note: For all the countries except Czechia and Iceland: data for enterprises employing 10 or more employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S (-O);
Czechia: data for enterprises employing 1 or more employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S; Iceland: NACE Rev. 2 sections C to H, J, K, P, Q.
Gender pay gap data for 2020 are provisional until benchmark figures, taken from the Structure of Earnings survey, become available in December 2024
(¹) Estimated data
(²) Definition differs (see metadata)
(³) 2018 data
Source: Eurostat (online data code: sdg_05_20)
Figure 2: The unadjusted gender pay gap by working time (%), 2020

Part-time Full-time
The unadjusted gender pay gap by working time (%), 2020
Latvia 11.2 24.1 25
Hungary 3.2 18.4 20
Finland 17.3 18.1
Denmark 0.7 16.2 15
Germany 7.2 16.1
Slovakia 1.3 15.8
10
Lithuania 0.1 14.5 5
Bulgaria 2.0 14.0
Croatia 7.9 11.9 0
Portugal 0.1 11.7 -5
Netherlands 22.0 11.2
Malta 21.0 9.9 -10

N etherlands

R omania(¹)
D enmark

Germany

Lithuania
Hungary

Slovakia

Portugal
Bulgaria

Sw eden

Belgium
Finland

C roatia

Poland
Latvia

Spain
Malta

Italy
Sweden 3.0 9.4
Poland 8.7 8.6
Spain 20.6 6.5
Romania(¹) 0.9 2.2
Belgium 2.0 -0.2
Italy -5.1 -1.6

Part-time Full-time

Note: For all the countries except Iceland: data for enterprises employing 10 or more employees; NACE Rev. 2 B to S (-O);
Iceland: NACE Rev. 2 sections C to H, J, K, P, Q. Data not available for CZ, EE, IE, EL, FR,CY, LU, AT and SI.
Gender pay gap data for 2020 are provisional until benchmark figures, taken from the Structure of Earnings survey, become available in December 2024
(¹) Estimated data.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: earn_gr_gpgr2wt)
file:///C:/Program
%20Files/DI-
aLOGIKa/Eurostat
%20Layout/Logo/Eu-
rostat%20logo.png

Note: For all the countries except Iceland: data for enterprises employing 10 or more employees; NACE Rev. 2 B to S (-O);
Iceland: NACE Rev. 2 sections C to H, J, K, P, Q. Data not available for CZ, EE, IE, EL, FR,CY, LU, AT and SI.
Gender pay gap data for 2020 are provisional until benchmark figures, taken from the Structure of Earnings survey, become available in December 2024

(¹) Estimated data.

Source: Eurostat (online data code: earn_gr_gpgr2wt)
Table 1: The unadjusted gender pay gap by age (%), 2020
< 25 years 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64
Belgium(³) 0.4 3.4 4.9 4.7 8.9
Bulgaria 6.6 14.6 17.6 15.0 5.1
Czechia(²) 5.7 11.2 21.1 19.6 9.8
Denmark 4.4 10.9 14.2 17.2 16.6
Spain -3.0 1.0 7.6 12.2 15.7
France 3.2 10.3 12.7 18.4 21.2
Croatia 5.7 10.3 14.1 19.8 9.9
Italy 4.5 4.3 3.3 5.9 8.9
Cyprus 17.0 4.0 6.6 12.7 9.1
Latvia 11.8 21.2 23.8 19.0 15.9
Lithuania 13.6 14.0 17.5 11.0 8.9
Hungary 7.1 14.8 22.2 18.3 12.7
Malta 7.4 5.8 12.3 12.4 9.3
Netherlands 1.9 1.7 8.0 18.6 20.1
Poland 8.2 7.2 9.4 5.5 -6.8
Portugal 7.8 9.3 11.5 15.0 9.9
Romania(¹) 5.4 8.1 4.4 -1.2 -5.4
Slovenia 3.8 5.4 6.5 5.8 1.3
Slovakia 6.9 11.5 20.1 17.7 13.1
Finland 5.9 9.9 16.5 19.8 19.7
Sweden 5.6 7.0 11.4 14.8 14.3
(:) not available

Note: For all the countries except Czechia: data for enterprises employing 10 or more employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S (-O); for Czechia: enterprises employing 1 or more
employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S;
Data breakdown by age not available for DE, EE, IE, EL, LU, AT
Gender pay gap data for 2020 are provisional until benchmark figures, taken from the Structure of Earnings survey, become available in December 2024
(¹) Estimated data.
(²) Definition differs (see metadata)
(³) Confidential data: BE : 65 years+.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: earn_gr_gpgr2ag)
 65 years +
: 55
-14.0 50
8.5 45
9.6 40
32.5 35
25.9 30
6.6 25
14.9 20
23.0 15
13.1 10
7.6 5
19.5 0
14.2 -5
14.5 -10
9.1 -15
25.6
Czechia(²)

Latvia

Malta
Belgium(³)

Romania(¹)
Bulgaria

France

Croatia

Lithuania

Slovenia

Slovakia
Spain

Italy

Netherlands

Portugal
Denmark

Hungary

Poland

Finland

Sweden
Cyprus
-17.8
3.9
12.7
24.3
10.3
< 25 years 25 - 34 35 - 44 45 - 54 55 - 64 65 years +

ia: enterprises employing 1 or more

n December 2024
+
Romania(¹)

Slovenia

Slovakia

Finland

Sweden
Table 2: The unadjusted gender pay gap by economic activity (%), 2020

Business Manufacturing Electricity, Water supply; Construction (F) Information and Financial Real estate Professional,
economy (B (C) gas, steam sewerage, waste communication (J) and activities (L) scientific and
to N) and air management and insurance technical
conditioning remediation activities activities (M)
supply (D) activities (E) (K)

Belgium 9.5 10.2 5.7 11.6 6.8 10.8 6.4 9.6 5.0
Bulgaria 13.2 22.6 6.1 8.5 -15.5 22.5 32.5 -10.2 9.0
Czechia(²) 12.8 23.4 17.7 3.6 9.4 30.4 38.9 10.3 20.6
Denmark 14.1 9.8 14.9 2.6 7.5 15.8 18.1 10.4 18.0
Germany 21.6 21.8 19.8 2.4 10.9 23.5 23.3 15.5 27.5
Estonia 23.0 22.8 11.5 7.9 8.7 26.2 31.1 9.6 14.3
Spain 15.0 14.7 12.7 8.0 -6.1 8.6 13.2 13.8 20.5
France 13.0 13.0 9.7 -3.7 -10.9 14.7 30.8 14.1 22.3
Croatia 12.8 21.5 1.0 -3.3 -17.2 12.7 24.7 2.2 16.6
Italy 13.8 13.2 11.0 1.3 5.0 14.8 22.9 13.3 26.2
Cyprus(³) 16.4 22.8 0.1 -18.0 -1.0 15.5 20.5 -40.3 29.0
Latvia 23.1 25.2 6.5 17.9 12.7 33.4 35.1 19.7 30.5
Lithuania 15.9 24.1 8.8 10.9 -1.8 28.8 33.8 12.0 15.9
Luxembourg(⁴) 10.5 10.8 : 0.3 -11.4 16.4 23.8 16.3 21.6
Hungary(³) 15.2 23.0 20.1 2.3 -3.0 25.4 36.8 12.7 22.6
Malta(³)(⁴) 13.7 23.8 : 20.2 3.2 15.5 24.3 29.7 22.2
Netherlands 19.9 17.1 10.6 -1.3 8.6 15.7 25.1 16.1 20.2
Austria 20.7 20.1 12.9 7.7 8.0 20.1 27.2 27.7 26.2
Poland 12.4 16.6 3.3 -1.2 -9.6 27.0 30.4 6.2 18.4
Portugal 15.1 23.4 3.3 -13.6 -10.6 15.3 21.0 17.1 15.4
Romania(¹) 10.1 20.8 1.6 2.0 -15.9 21.2 30.0 1.5 -1.8
Slovenia 7.4 10.9 0.6 -24.6 -27.1 19.5 24.2 0.8 10.3
Slovakia 18.1 24.7 9.8 -2.8 8.0 27.3 31.0 16.3 12.9
Finland 16.5 9.1 17.3 5.1 1.4 12.0 27.3 17.3 14.9
Sweden 7.9 1.7 5.2 -5.6 -3.5 9.1 25.0 5.2 12.4
(:) not available
Note: For all the countries except Czechia: data for enterprises employing 10 or more employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S (-O); for Czechia: enterprises employing 1 or more employees,
NACE Rev. 2 B to S.
Data not available for Ireland, Greece
Gender pay gap data for 2020 are provisional until benchmark figures, taken from the Structure of Earnings survey, become available in December 2024
(¹) Estimated data: RO: all sections.
(²) Definition differs (see metadata)
(³) Unreliable data: CY: sections D, E, F, L; MT: section L.
(⁴) Confidential data: LU: section D; MT: section D.
Source: Eurostat (online data code: earn_gr_gpgr2)
Table 3: The unadjusted gender pay gap
by economic control (%), 2020

Public Private
Belgium 1.5 8.5
Bulgaria 14.3 12.3
Czechia(²) 13.8 20.3
35
Denmark 11.2 13.7
Germany 9.9 22.6 30

Spain 8.2 13.9 25

Croatia 12.4 15.6 20
Italy 4.1 16.5
15
Cyprus -0.3 18.9
Latvia 18.4 20.9 10
Lithuania 11.0 15.7 5
Hungary 11.6 15.6
0
Netherlands 11.6 19.8
Poland -0.6 13.0 -5
Portugal 15.6 14.0

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Latvia

Lithuania

Slovenia

Slovakia
Czechia(²)

Romania(¹)
Spain

Hungary

Poland

Finland

Sweden
Portugal
Cyprus

Netherlands
Denmark

Germany

Italy
Romania(¹) 0.2 10.0
Slovenia 7.9 8.6
Slovakia 10.7 18.7
Finland 16.8 16.8 Public Private
Sweden 8.1 10.0

Note: For all the countries except Czechia: data for enterprises employing
10 or more employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S (-O); for Czechia: enterprises
employing 1 or more employees, NACE Rev. 2 B to S;
Data not available for EE, IE, EL, FR, LU, MT, AT
Gender pay gap data for 2020 are provisional until benchmark figures,
taken from the Structure of Earnings survey, become available in December
2024
(¹) Estimated data.
(²) Definition differs (see metadata)
Source: Eurostat (online data code: earn_gr_gpgr2ct)
 Figure 3: Explained and unexplained parts of the unadjusted gende
(%)

2018 Unadjusted GPG Explained GPG Unexplained GPG

Explained and
Luxembourg LU 1.4 -7.8 9.2
Romania RO 2.2 -10.6 12.8 25
Italy IT 5.5 -5.4 10.9
Belgium BE 5.8 5.9 -0.1
Poland PL 8.5 -3.7 12.2 20
Portugal PT 8.9 -4.1 13.0
Slovenia SI 9.3 -5.8 15.1
Greece EL 10.4 -1.3 11.7
15
Cyprus CY 10.4 1.1 9.3
Ireland IE 11.3 -5.3 16.6
Croatia HR 11.4 -3.4 14.8
10
Spain ES 11.9 1.0 10.9
Sweden SE 12.1 4.7 7.4
Malta MT 13.0 -0.8 13.8
Bulgaria BG 13.9 -2.0 15.9
5
Lithuania LT 14.0 -1.9 15.9
Hungary HU 14.2 1.3 12.9
EU EU27 14.4 3.1 11.2
0
Denmark DK 14.6 5.4 9.2
Netherlands NL 14.7 3.9 10.8
France FR 16.7 4.8 11.9 -5
Finland FI 16.9 5.9 11.0
Latvia LV 19.6 2.7 16.9
Slovakia SK 19.8 2.6 17.2 -10
Czechia CZ 20.1 3.0 17.1
Germany DE 20.1 10.1 10.0
Austria AT 20.4 9.6 10.8 -15

RO
LU

IT
Estonia EE 21.8 3.7 18.1

Norway NO 13.2 4.8 8.4

Iceland IS 13.8 2.6 11.2
Switzerland CH 18.3 6.1 12.2

Source: Eurostat - Structure of earnings survey 2018

Source: Eurosta
Explained and unexplained parts of the unadjusted gender pay gap,
(%)
25

20

15

10

-5

-10

-15
EU27
RO

SI

BG
EL
PL

NL
MT
CY

DK
PT

HR

HU
BE

ES

SE

LT
LU

FR
IT

IE

Explained GPG Unexplained GPG Unadjuste

Source: Eurostat - Structure of earnings survey 2018
nder pay gap, 2018
EU27

NO
FI

CZ
NL
DK

LV

SK

DE

AT

CH
EE
FR

IS

G Unadjusted GPG
file:///C:/Program
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Figure 4: Unexplained gender pay gap, 2018
(%)
Unexplained GPG
Belgium
Sweden
BE
SE
-0.1
7.4
Unexplained gender pay gap,
LuxembourgLU 9.2 (%)
20
Denmark DK 9.2
Cyprus CY 9.3
Germany DE 10.0
Austria AT 10.8 15
NetherlandsNL 10.8
Italy IT 10.9
Spain ES 10.9
Finland FI 11.0 10
EU EU27 11.2
Greece EL 11.7
France FR 11.9
5
Poland PL 12.2
Romania RO 12.8
Hungary HU 12.9
Portugal PT 13.0 0

Luxembourg

Netherlands
Denmark

Germany
Belgium

Sweden

Cyprus

Austria
Malta MT 13.8
Croatia HR 14.8
Slovenia SI 15.1
Bulgaria BG 15.9
-5
Lithuania LT 15.9
Ireland IE 16.6 Source: Eurostat - Structure of earnings survey
Latvia LV 16.9
Czechia CZ 17.1
Slovakia SK 17.2
Estonia EE 18.1

Norway NO 8.4
Iceland IS 11.2
Switzerland CH 12.2

Source: Eurostat - Structure of earnings survey 2018

 %)
Cyprus

Germany
Austria

Netherlands
Italy

re of earnings survey 2018

Spain
nder pay gap, 2018

Finland
EU

Greece

France
Poland
Romania

Hungary

Iceland
Norway
Portugal

IS
Switzerland CH
NO
Malta

Croatia
Slovenia
Bulgaria

18.3
13.8
13.2
Lithuania
Ireland

5.8
2.7
4.5
Latvia

Czechia

8.7

12.5
11.1
Slovakia
Estonia
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 Switzerland
Slovakia
Czechia

Norway
Estonia

Iceland
Latvia

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Figure 6: Gender overall earnings gap, 2018
(%)

EU 36.7

Lithuania 20.4
Gender overall earnings gap, 2018
Portugal 20.6 (%)
Slovenia 21.0 45
Luxembourg 23.2
Sweden 23.5
40
Bulgaria 24.1
Finland 24.6
Denmark 25.1 35
Cyprus 25.2
Romania 25.3 30
Croatia 25.5
Latvia 25.7
Belgium 26.4 25
Poland 30.7
France 31.0 20
Estonia 32.6
Hungary 32.8
15
Spain 33.0
Slovakia 35.5
Ireland 35.7 10
Czechia 36.0
Malta 39.4 5
Greece 40.4
Germany 41.9
Italy 43.0 0

Luxembourg

Denmark
Lithuania

Romania
Slovenia
Portugal

Bulgaria
Sweden

Finland

Cyprus

Croatia
EU

Austria 44.2
Netherlands 44.2

Norway 28.9
Iceland 31.5
Switzerland 43.1
Source: Eurostat (online data code: teqges01)

Source: Eurostat (online data code: teqges01)

 Bulgaria
Finland
Denmark

e: teqges01)
Cyprus
Romania
Croatia ngs gap, 2018
Latvia
Belgium
Poland
France
Estonia
Hungary
Spain
Slovakia
Ireland
Czechia
Malta
Greece
Germany
Italy
Austria
Netherlands

Norway
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Iceland
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Switzerland
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 Switzerland
Norway
Iceland

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