SCHOOLS

OF ART
AND
ARTISTS

Name: Pranav RK
Class: XI Science - PCBPE
Submitted to: Ms. Seba Elezabeth Saji
Date: 02-09-2021
 Index

Sr. No. Content Page

No.
Acknowledgement 1

1 Introduction 2

2 Mathura School Of Art 3

3 Amravati School Of Art 4

4 Gandhara School Of Art 5

5 S.H. Raza 6

6 Tyeb mehta 7

7 Conclusion 8
 Acknowledgement

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my

teacher Ms. Seba Elezabeth Saji, who gave me the golden
opportunity to do this wonderful project on schools of art.
Who also helped me in completing my project. I came to
know about so many new things I am really thankful to them.
Secondly I would also like to thank my parents and friends
who helped me a lot in finalizing this project within the

limited time frame.

 Introduction
Indian art consists of a variety of art forms,
including painting, sculpture, pottery, and textile arts such
as woven silk. A strong sense of design is characteristic of
Indian art and can be observed in its modern and traditional
forms. The origin of Indian art can be traced
to prehistoric settlements in the 3rd millennium BC. On its
way to modern times, Indian art has had cultural influences, as
well as religious influences such
as Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism and Islam. In spite
of this complex mixture of religious traditions, generally, the
prevailing artistic style at any time and place has been shared
by the major religious groups. In historic art, sculpture in
stone and metal, mainly religious, has survived the Indian
climate better than other media and provides most of the best
remains. Many of the most important ancient finds that are not
in carved stone come from the surrounding, drier regions
rather than India itself. Indian funeral and philosophic
traditions exclude grave goods, which is the main source of
ancient art in other cultures.
Indian artist styles historically followed Indian religions out of
the subcontinent, having an especially large influence
in Tibet, South East Asia and China. Indian art has itself
received influences at times, especially from Central
Asia and Iran, and Europe.
 Mathura school of art
The Art of Mathura refers to a particular school of Indian art,
almost entirely surviving in the form of sculpture, starting in
the 2nd century BCE, which centered on the city of Mathura,
in central northern India, during a period in
which Buddhism, Jainism together with Hinduism flourished
in India. Mathura "was the first artistic center to produce
devotional icons for all the three faiths", and the pre-eminent
center of religious artistic expression in India at least until
the Gupta period, and was influential throughout the sub-
continent.
Mathuran sculpture becomes prominent after Mauryan art, the
art of the Mauryan Empire (322 and 185 BCE). It is said to
represent a "sharp break" with the previous Mauryan style,
either in scale, material or style. Mathura became India's most
important artistic production center from the second century
BCE, with its highly recognizable red sandstone statues being
admired and exported all over India. In particular, it was in
Mathura that the distinctive Indian convention of giving
sacred figures multiple body parts, especially heads and arms,
first became common in art around the 4th century CE,
initially exclusively in Hindu figures, as it derived
from Vedic texts.
The art of Mathura is often contrasted with the Greco-
Buddhist art of Gandhara, which developed from the 1st
century CE. In particular there is a debate about the origin of
the Buddha image and the role played by each school of art.
 Amravati school of art
Art historians regard the art of Amaravati as one of the three
major styles or schools of ancient Indian art, the other two
being the Mathura style, and the Gandharan style. The
Amaravati School of art had great influence on art in Sri
Lanka and South-East Asia. It also had influence over South
Indian sculpture.
The Chinese traveller and Buddhist monk Hiuen Tsang
(Xuanzang) visited Amaravati in 640 CE, stayed for some
time and studied 'Abhidhammapitakam'. Xuanzang wrote a
glorious account of the place, Viharas and monasteries that
existed.
A different type of art form evolved and flourished in
Amaravati for nearly six centuries, commencing from 200-
100 BCE. Patronized first by the Satavahanas and later by the
Ikshvakus and other groups (feudatories, officials, and
merchants), four periods of activity are easily discernible.
The Amaravati School of art occupies a pre-eminent position
in the history of Indian Art. With its beginning in 3rd century
BCE, the Amaravati unfolds its chapters through the galaxy of
sculptural wealth that once adorned the Mahachaitya - the
majestic monument of the Buddhists situated here with its
history extending over a period of a millennium and a half.
 Gandhara School of art
Gandhara School of art was one of the major schools of art in
the history of ancient India. Although being an intricate part
of Indian history, it is uniquely associated with the Greco-
Roman style of art.
The combination of these Greco-Roman and Indian ideas
along with the influence of other foreign traditions such as
from China and Iran resulted in the formation of a distinct
style known as the Gandhara School of art.
This style of art was closely associated with Mahayana
Buddhism and hence the main theme of this art was Lord
Buddha and Bodhisattvas. Thus, it can be conjectured that in
idea and conception this style was Indian and in execution it
was foreign. One example of the Gandhara style of art is the
Bamiyan Buddha statues.
It mostly flourished in the areas of Afghanistan and present
North-Western India. The prominent locations were Taxila,
Peshawar, Begram, and Bamiyan. The period around which
the Gandhara School of art flourished could be said to be from
the 1st century BCE to 4th century CE.
There was extensive use of black stone and stucco. Stucco
was a kind of plaster that was used for many structures
including the freestanding ones under this style of art. The
free-standing structures included many chaityas, Viharas, and
stupas.
 S.h. raza

Sayed Haider Raza was an Indian painter who lived and

worked in France since 1950, while maintaining strong ties
with India. He was born in Kakkaiya (District Mandla),
Central Provinces, British India, which is now present-day
Madhya Pradesh.
He was a renowned Indian artist. He was awarded the Padma
Shri and Fellowship of the Lalit Kala Academi in
1981, Padma Bhushan in 2007, and Padma Vibhushan in
2013. He was conferred with the Commandeur de la Legion
d'honneur (Legion of Honour) on 14 July 2015.
His seminal work Saurashtra sold for ₹16.42 crore
($3,486,965) at a Christie's auction in 2010.
In 1959 he married the French artist Janine Mongillat, who
died of cancer in 2002. In 2010 he decided to return to India.
 Tyeb mehta
Tyeb Mehta was an Indian painter, sculptor and film maker.
He was part of the Bombay Progressive Artists' Group and the
first post-colonial generation of artists in India, like John
Wilkins who also broke free from the nationalist Bengal
school and embraced Modernism instead, with its post-
impressionist colours, cubist forms
and brusque, expressionistic styles.
Among his most noted later paintings were
his triptych Celebration, which when sold for Rs 15 million
($317,500) at a Christie's auction in 2002, was not only the
highest sum for an Indian painting at an international auction,
but also triggered the subsequent great Indian art boom; his
other noted works were the 'Diagonal Series', Santiniketan
triptych series, Kali, Mahishasura (1996). He stayed and
worked in Mumbai for much of his life, except for three spells
at London, New York, and Santiniketan, each having a
distinct impact upon his work. He received several awards
during his career including the Padma Bhushan in 2007.
 Conclusion
This project throws light on India’s memorable and historical
curve. It has all the earmarks of an evergreen collection of
facts that will illuminate the upcoming generation.
In this project, we see the three most famous art schools in
India and few artists belonging to India. It is mesmerizing to
know that our country had a bright and unimaginable artistic
past.
 Bibliography

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaravati_Stupa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_of_Mathura
https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/gandhara-school-art/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S._H._Raza
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyeb_Mehta