St. xavier’s sr. Sec.

school

PHYSICS
SUBJECT CODE (043)
CLASS- 12TH ‘A’
SESSION- 2022-23

PHYSICS INVESTIGATORY PROJECT

DETERMINATION OF REFRACTIVE INDICES OF

VARIOUS LIQUIDS USING A HOLLOW PRISM

Submitted by – Submitted to-

Kratim Krishan Singh Mr. Rajat Sir
Roll No-
 Certificate
This is to Certified that this project on the topic "The
dependence of the angle of deviation on the angle of incidence
using a hollow prism filled one by one with different
transparent fluids" is bona fied work of Kratim Krishan Singh
studying in class 12th of St.Xavier senior secondary school.

The project embodies a detailed study carried under my

supervision. This project in my opinion is completed and is
suitable presentation.

Principal signature External examiner signature

Internal examiner signature

Date - / /
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In this accomplishment of this practical and project work successfully.
Many people have best owned upon me their blessings and the heart
pledged support, this time I am utilizing to thanks all the people who
have been concerned with this project.

Primarily I would like thank God for being able to complete this work
with success. Then I would like to thank my esteemed Principal Sir
Mr.Achinto R.K. Paul and Co-Ordinator Mr. Vikas Sharma and
Chemistry teacher Mr. Rajiv Singh whose valuable guidance has been
the ones that helped me patch this project and make it full proof
success. Their suggestions and instructions have served as the major
contributor towards the completion of project.

Then I would like to thank my parents and friends who have helped
me with their valuable suggestions and guidance has been very helpful
in various phases of the completion of the project.
Last but not the least I would like to thank my classmates who have
helped me a lot.

Name- Kratim Krishan Singh

Class-12 ‘A’
Roll No.
 Project Overview

Aim
Apparatus Required
Theory
Procedure
Observations
Conclusions
Precautions
Bibliography
Aim
To find out the refractive indices of different liquids using a
hollow prism

Apparatus Required
 Hollow glass prism
 Various liquids like water, carbon disulphide, benzaldehyde
etc.
 Bell pins
 Drawing board
Theory
A prism is a
transparent
optical element
with flat,
polished
surfaces that
refract light.
Prisms can be
made from any
material that is
transparent including glass, plastic and fluorite. A prism can be
used to break light up into its constituent spectral colors. Prisms
can also be used to reflect light, or to split light into
components with different polarizations.

The refractive index of the liquid

Is given by the formula:
U=sini/sinr=sin((a+d)/2)/sin(a/2)
Where,
U=refractive index of the liquid.
a= the angle of minimum deviation
d=angle of prism
i=angle of incidence
r=angle of refraction
Procedure

 Fix a white sheet of paper on the drawing board with

help of drawing pins.

 Keep the prism and mark the outline of it as ABC.

 Drop a normal PQ on the side AB.

 Draw the angle of incidence in accordance with the normal

PQ and place 2 pins so that they appear to be in the straight
line.

 Place the prism filled with given sample of liquid ,on

the marked outline ABC.

 Now take the pins and place them on the side AC so that
all the 4 pins appear to be in same line.

 Remove the prism and draw the line joining the points so
obtained.

 Mark the diagram as shown in the figure.

 Repeat this with different liquids and different angle of

incidence.
Observation
 Benzaldehyde
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 45
2 60 35 42
3 60 37.5 40
4 60 39 42
5 60 40 45

U=sin((60+40)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.504

 Water
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 30 25
2 60 35 22
3 60 40 20
4 60 45 22
5 60 50 25
6 60 55 28

U=sin((60+22)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.306
 Dil. Sulphuric Acid
S.no a º(angle of prism) i º (angle of incidence) d º (angle of deviation)

1 60 20 33
2 60 30 30
3 60 35 25
4 60 40 29
5 60 45 30

U=sin((60+25)/2)/sin(30)
= 1.351
Conclusion

Refractive indices at room temperature:

 Benzaldehyde
o Actual: 1.546
o Experimental: 1.504
o
 Water
o Actual: 1.33
o Experimental: 1.306
o
 Dil . Sulphuric acid
o Actual: 1.355
o Experimental: 1.351
Precautions

 Angle of incidence should lie b/w 35-60 degree.

 Pins should be vertically fixed and should lie in same line.

 Distance b/w two points should not be less than 10mm.

 Same angle of prism should be used for all observation.

 Arrow head should be marked to represent emergent

and