1

UNIT - 14 | l¾udka; ridhkh

* my; i`oyka wkq ud;Dld ridhksl l¾udka; hgf;a wOHhkh is¥ lrhs'

1' ridhksl l¾udka; ia:dms; lsÍfï § i,ld ne,sh hq;= wjYH;d'

2' ridhksl l¾udka; i`oyd wuqøjH Ndú;h'
3' ridhksl l¾udka;
1' Mg ksiaidrKh - võ (Dow) l%uh
2' fldaiaála fidavd ^NaOH& ksIamdokh
3' inka ksIamdokh
4' Na2CO3 ksIamdokh ( fid,afõ l%uh / wefudakshd fidavd l%uh )
5' wefudakshd ksIamdokh ( fyan¾ fndIa l%uh )
6' khsá%la wï, ksIamdokh ^ Tiaj,aâ l%uh &
7' i,amshqßla wï, ksIamdokh ( iam¾Y l%uh )
8' rEghs,aj,ska ghsfÜkshï vfhdlaihsâ ksmoùu
9' hlv ksiaidrKh
4' nyqwjhjl
i rn¾ yd ma,diaála
ii iajdNdúl rn¾
iii iajdNdúl rn¾ j,alkhsia lsÍu
iv nyqwjhjl wdY%s; ksIamdok i|yd fhdok wdl,k øjH
5' Ydl m%Nj wdYs%; ridhksl ksIamdok
i úkdlsrs ksIamdokh
ii t;fkda,a ksIamdokh
iii i.kaO f;,a
iv ffcj ãi,a

* ridhksl wuqøjH ndú;d lr ridhksl øjH ksIamdokh lsÍu ridhksl l¾udka;hla f,i yÿkajhs'

ridhksl wuqøjH  l%shdj,sh  ridhksl ksIamdÈ;h

* f,dalfha we;s m%Odk ridhksl ksIamdok i`oyd WdyrK'

hlv" wefudakshd" i,a*shqßla wï,h" khsá%la wï,h" fldaiaála fidavd ksIamdokh" fmfg%da,shï l¾udka;h
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1' ridhksl l¾udka; ia:dms; lsÍfï § i,ld ne,sh hq;= wjYH;d

* ridhksl l¾udka; ia:dms; lsÍfï § i,ld ne,sh hq;= wjYH;d .Kkdjls'

1' m%d.aOkh
2' wuqøjH iemhqu
3' Y%uh
4' ;dCIKh
5' ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha iqrCIs;;dj
6' wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd jQ iqrCIs;;dj

Industrial Chemistry - 2020 | A/L ohd,a fyar;a [B.Sc. (Hon’s) / P.G.D.E. (Colombo)]
 2
7' wmøjH yd wmøjH l<ukdlrK l%ufõo
8' l¾udka; wdY%s;j ckkh jk mdßißl ¥Il mßirhg tla ùu j<lajd .ekSug .; yels Wmdhud¾.
9' l¾udka; ia:dmkh lrk m%foaYh
10' n,Yla;s iajNdjh ^fmdis, bkaOk" iQ¾h Yla;sh" kHIaál Yla;sh" ffcj ialkaO& yd úhou
11' m%jdyk myiqlï yd fjf<|fmd<
12 we;s úh yels wk;=rej, iajNdjh yd wk;=re j<lajd .ekSu i|yd fhdod .; yels Wmdhud¾.
13 rdcH kS;s fr.=,dis yd m%;sm;a;s

* ridhksl l¾udka; iïnkaOfhka" ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha iqrlaIs;;dj yd wk;=re ùu j<lajd .ekSu

b;du jeo.;a fõ'
ridhksl l¾udka; wdY%s;j isÿ jQ fÄojdpl lsysmhla my; oela fõ'
1' c¾uksfha ´mamdjq (Oppau) ys msmsÍu - 1921 iema;eïn¾ 21
ñksiaiq 500 - 600 m%udKhla urKhg m;a úh'
fmdfydr i`oyd Ndú; lrk wefudakshï khsfÜ%Ü yd wefudkshï i,af*aÜ ñY%Khl fgdka 4500
m%udKhla msmsÍu Bg fya;= úh'
2' hqlaf¾kfhys p¾fkdì,a kHIaál n,d.drh msmsÍu - 1986 wfm%a,a 26
ñksiaiq 4000 muK m%udKhla urKhg m;a úh'
3' bkaÈhdfõ fndamd,a fÄojdplh - 1984 foieïn¾ 27
i;shla ;=< § ñksiaiq 8000 muK urKhg m;a úh'
W.% úI ixfhda.hla jQ fu;s,awhsfidihkhsâ ldkaÿ ùu thg uQ,sl fya;=j úh'

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2' ridhksl l¾udka; ioyd wuqøjH Ndú;h

* ridhksl l¾udka; i`oyd ndysßka imhk yd ksIamdok l%shdj,shg iyNd.s jk øjH" wuqøjH f,i yÿkajhs'

* we;eï l¾udka;j, § wuqøjH ridhksl úm¾hdij,g Ndckh fõ'

ksoiqka - NH3 , H2SO4 , inka
we;eï ridhksl l¾udka;j, § wuqøjHj, wvx.= ridhksl ixrpl ksIamdÈ;h ;=< tf,i u mj;S'
tkï ridhksl úm¾hdi isÿ fkdfõ' tfy;a fN!;sl úm¾hdih isÿ fõ'
ksoiqka - ;Ska; ksIamdokh

* ridhksl l¾udka; i`oyd wuqøjHh l=uk iajrEmfhka Ndú; lrhs o hkak ;srKh lrK idOl
lsysmhla mj;S' tajd kï"
1' iuia; ksIamdok l%shdj,sh ie,iqï lrk wdldrh'
2' ixY=oaO;dj
3' úhou
4' fldmuK ÿrlg mej;sh hq;= o hkak'

* ridhksl l¾udka;hlg wuqøjHhla f,i ndú;d l< yels iajdNdúl iïm;l ,laIK'
1' wuqøjH §¾> ld,Skj m%fhdackhg .; yels úYd, ixÑ; f,i mej;Su'
2' m%fõY myiqj ùu'
3' ixY=oaO;dj by< ùu'

Industrial Chemistry - 2020 | A/L ohd,a fyar;a [B.Sc. (Hon’s) / P.G.D.E. (Colombo)]
 3
ksIamdok lsym
s hla i`oyd fhdod .kq ,nk wuqøjH'

1' jd;h
(a) hlv ksiaidrKh" khsá%la wï,h yd i,a*shqßla wï,h ksIamdokh i`oyd l%shdldß ixrplhla f,i
O2 wjYH fõ' jdhqf.da,Sh jd;h wuqøjHhla f,i fï ksIamdok i`oyd Ndú; lrhs'
(b) N2 ,nd .; yels iajdNdúl m%Njhla f,i jdhqf.da,Sh jd;h fhdod .kS'
jdhqf.da,Sh jd;h øj lsÍfuka miqj Nd.sl wdijkh u`.ska ,nd .kakd N2 ksIamdokh lrhs'
wefudakshd ksIamdokfha§ N2 wuqøjHhla f,i fhdod .kS'
* ridhksl l¾udka; i`oyd jdhqf.da,Sh jd;h Ndú; lrk úg §" N2 jdhqj imhk m%Njhla f,i
fyda O2 jdhqj imhk m%Njhla f,i fyda y÷kd .; yels h'
* HNO3 iy H2SO4 ksIamdokfha§ idudkH jd;h wuqøjHla f,i fhdod .kS'

Nd.sl wdijkh
jd;h øj jd;h N2 jdhqj

H2 jdhqj

NH 3

c,h
NO2 jdhqj HNO 3

2' c,h
* fidaähï yhsfv%dlaihsâ" khsá%la wï,h" i,a*shqßla wï,h yd le,aishï yhsfv%dlaihsâ ksIamdokfha§
c,h wuqøjhla f,i fhdod .kq ,efí'
* fï l¾udka; i`oyd c, m%Njhla f,i uqyqÿ c,h Ndú; fkdlrhs'
thg fya;=j tys wvx.= úúO ,jK ksid ksIamdok l%shdj,shg ndOd meñKSu yd ,efnk ksIamdÈ;fha
wmøjH f,i ta ,jK wka;¾.; ùu hs'
* ridhksl l¾udka;hl wuqøjH i`oyd ;sìh hq;= m%ñ;s ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu b;d jeo.;ah'

3' NaCl
* uqyqÿ c,h fyda frdla fida,aÜ f,i jQ ksê u`.ska NaCl ,nd .kS'
* NaCl wuqøjHhla f,i fhdod .kakd l¾udka;'
1' NaOH ksIamdokh'
2. Na f,dayh ksiaidrKh'
* NaCl ksIamdokh i`oyd m%Njhla f,i uqyqÿ c,h kï l< yel'
kuq;a uqyqÿ c,h NaOH ksIamdokh i`oyd wuqøjHhla f,i Ndú; l< fkdyels h' Bg fya;=j uqyqÿ
c,fha NaOH ksIamdokhg ndod muqKqjk wmøjH mej;suhs'

4' Lksc
* Lksc mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk iïm;ls'
WodyrK - fvd,uhsÜ" rEghs,a" hmia" tmamdj, wemghsÜ" ysughsÜ
* hlv" ;U" ksl,a" we¨ñkshï" ghsfÜkshï jeks f,day ksiaidrKh i`oyd ta f,day wka;¾.; Lksc
j¾. / f,damia / hmia wuqøjH f,i fhdod .kq ,nhs'
* fmdiaf*aÜ fmdfydr ksIamdokh ioyd o fmdiafmaÜ wvx.= Lksc fhdod .kq ,efí'
* Lksc mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk iïm;la ksid Lksc u.ska ksmojk ksIamdÈ; Ndú;fhka miqj
m%;spl%SlrKh lsÍfï l%shdj,shla mej;sh hq;= h' tfia u §¾>ld,Skj m%fhdackj;a øjH iE§u msKsi
ta ksIamdÈ; Ndú; lsÍu jeo.;a h'

Industrial Chemistry - 2020 | A/L ohd,a fyar;a [B.Sc. (Hon’s) / P.G.D.E. (Colombo)]
 4
5' .,a w`.=re
* .,a w.==re mqk¾ckkh fkdjk iïm;ls'
* bkaOkhla f,i m%Odk jYfhka Ndú; lrhs'
* hlv ksiaidrKfha § .,a w.==re j, m%fhdack'
1' bkaOkhla f,i
2' Rcq Tlaisydrlhla f,i
3' m%Odk Tlaisydrlhla jQ CO ckkhg wjYH wuqøjHhla f,i

6' fndrf;,a
* fndrf;,a mqk¾ckkh fkdjk iïm;ls'
* fmg%,a yd ãi,a jeks bkaOk i`oyd m%Odk m%Njh f,i fndrf;,a Ndú; lrhs'
* nyqwjhjl i`oyd wjYH taldjhúl" T!IO yd uQ,sl ldnksl ixfhda. ksIamdokh i`oyd wuqøjH ,nd
.kakd m%Njh fndr f;,a fõ'
* fndrf;,a l¾udka;hla iod fhdod.ekSfï w¾nqo'
1' fuh mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk wuqøjHhla ksid th laIh ùu'
2' fndrf;,a u`.ska ,nd .kakd bkaOk oykh ksid ckkh jk CO2 f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeä ùu
flfrys odhl ùu'

7' Ydl
* úúO f;,a j¾." CISrh ^rn¾ lsß&" friSk j¾. yd T!IO ksIamdokhg Ydl b;d jeo.;a iïm;ls¡'
* Ydl øjH ‘ ffcj ialkaO - Bio mass ’ f,i y÷kajhs'
* Ydl øjH j, m%fhdack'
1' l¾udka; i|yd bkaOk f,i'
2' úúO ldnksl ixfhda. ksmojd .ekSu i|yd wuqøjH f,i'
* Ydl mqk¾ckkSh iïm;la ùu ksid mßirfha jQ iajdNdúl pl% flfrys ydkshla fkdjk mßÈ
l<ukdlrKh l< yels m%Njhls'
* n,Yla;sh ksmoùu i`oyd fmfg%da,shï f;,a j¾. Ndú; l< l¾udka;" úl,am n,Yla;s m%Njhla
f,i Ôj ialkaO Ndú; lsÍu wdrïN lr we;' wm rfÜ l¾udka; o ta i`oyd fhduq fjñka mj;s'

-------------------------------------------------------------------------- wNHdi --------------------------------------------------------------------------

[ Q1 ] ridhksl l¾udka; ia:dms; lsÍfï § i,ld ne,sh hq;= wjYH;d ;=kla ,shkak'
[ Q2 ] ridhksl l¾udka;hla io`yd wuqøjHhla f,i ndú;d l< yels iajdNdúl iïm;la i;= úh hq;=
,laIK ;=kla ,shkak'
[ Q3 ] ridhksl l¾udka; i`oyd wuqøjHh l=uk iajrEmfhka Ndú; lrhs o hkak ;srKh lrK idOl
;=kla ,shkak'
[ Q4 ] N2 jdhqj wuqøjHhla f,i fhdod .kakd l¾udka; i`oyd N2 ksIamdokh lrkafka flfia o@
[ Q5 ] I. c,h wuqøjhla f,i fhdod .kakd l¾udka; ;=kla ,shkak'
II. l¾udka; i`oyd c, m%Njhla f,i uqyqÿ c,h Ndú; fkdlsÍug fya;= folla ,shkak'
[ Q6 ] I. mqk¾ckkSh iïm;la hkq l=ula o@
II. mqk¾ckkSh iïm;la i`oyd o mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk iïm;aa ;=kla i`oyd o WodyrK ,shkak'
III. mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk iïm;aa wdrlaId lr .ekSug .; yels l%shd ud¾. folla ,shkak'
[ Q7 ] fndrf;,a l¾udka;hla iod fhdod.ekSfï w¾nqo folla ,shkak'
[ Q8 ] Ydl øjH j, m%fhdack folla ,shkak'

Industrial Chemistry - 2020 | A/L ohd,a fyar;a [B.Sc. (Hon’s) / P.G.D.E. (Colombo)]
 5
----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ms<s;=re --------------------------------------------------------------------------

[ Q1 ] 1' m% d.a Okh' 2' wuqøjH iemhqu' 3' Y%uh'

4' ;dCIKh' 5' ksIamdok l%shdj,sfha iqrCIs;;dj'
6' wLKavj mj;ajdf.k hEu i|yd jQ iqrCIs;;dj jeks ´keu ;=kla'

[ Q2 ] 1' wuqøjH §¾> ld,Skj m%fhdackhg .; yels úYd, ixÑ; f,i mej;Su'
2' m%fõY myiqj ùu'
3' ixY=oaO;dj by< ùu'

[ Q3 ] 1' iuia; ksIamdok l%shdj,sh ie,iqï lrk wdldrh'

3' ixY=oaO;dj'
2' úhou'
4' fldmuK ÿrlg mej;sh hq;= o hkak'

[ Q4 ] jdhqf.da,Sh jd;h by< mSvkhlg ,la lr isis,a lr øj lsÍfuka miqj Nd.sl wdijkh u`.ska
,nd .kakd N2 ksIamdokh lrhs'

[ Q5 ] I. fidaähï yhsfv%dlaihsâ" khsá%la wï,h" i,a*shqßla wï,h" le,aishï yhsfv%dlaihsâ'

II. uqyqÿ c,fha wvx.= úúO ,jK ksid ksIamdok l%shdj,shg ndOd meñKSu'
ksIamdÈ;fha wmøjH f,i ,jK wka;¾.; ùu hs'

[ Q6 ] I. flá ld,hlska kej; we;s jk iïm;a

II. mqk¾ckkSh iïm;a - Ydl
mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk iïm;aa - .,a w.==re " Lksc " fndrf;,a
III. ksIamdÈ; Ndú;fhka miqj m%;spl%SlrKh lsÍfï'
§¾>ld,Skj m%fhdackj;a øjH iE§u msKsi ta ksIamdÈ; Ndú; lsÍu'

[ Q7 ] 1' fuh mqk¾ckkSh fkdjk wuqøjHhla ksid th laIh ùu'

2' fndrf;,a u`.ska ,nd .kakd bkaOk oykh ksid ckkh jk CO2 f.da,Sh WKqiqu jeä ùu
flfrys odhl ùu'

[ Q8 ] 1' bkaOk f,i'

2' úúO ldnksl ixfhda. ksmojd .ekSu i|yd wuqøjH f,i'

Industrial Chemistry - 2020 | A/L ohd,a fyar;a [B.Sc. (Hon’s) / P.G.D.E. (Colombo)]