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SCR 3
SCR 3
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and practices, building became a craft, and "architecture" is
the name given to the most highly formalized and respected
versions of that craft. It is widely assumed that architectural
success was the product of a process of trial and error, with
progressively less trial and more replication as the results of
the process proved increasingly satisfactory. What is
termed vernacular architecture continues to be produced in
many parts of the world.
Prehistoric architecture
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Göbekli Tepe from Turkey, founded in 10th millennium BC
and abandoned in 8th millennium BC
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Pottery miniature of a Cucuteni-Trypillian house
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Miniature of a regular Cucuteni-Trypillian house, full of
ceramic vessels
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Excavated dwellings at Skara Brae (Mainland,
Orkney, Scotland, UK)
Early human settlements were mostly rural. Hence,
Expending economies resulted in the creation of urban
areas which in some cases grew and evolved very rapidly,
such as that of Çatalhöyük in Anatolia and Mohenjo Daro of
the Indus Valley Civilization in modern-day Pakistan.
Neolithic settlements and "cities" include Göbekli
Tepe and Çatalhöyük in Turkey, Jericho in the
Levant, Mehrgarh in Pakistan, Knap of Howar and Skara
Brae, Orkney Islands, Scotland, and the Cucuteni-Trypillian
culture settlements in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine.
Ancient architecture
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Mesopotamian architecture: Reconstruction of the Ishtar
Gate in the Pergamon Museum (Berlin, Germany), circa 575
BC
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Ancient Egyptian architecture: The Great Pyramid of
Giza (Giza, Egypt), circa 2589–2566 BC, by Hemiunu
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Ancient Greek architecture: The Parthenon on the Athenian
Acropolis, made of marble and limestone, 460–406 BC
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Ancient Roman architecture: The Maison
Carrée from Nîmes (France), one of the best-preserved
Roman temples, circa 2 AD
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Japanese architecture: Hōryū-ji, a Buddhist temple in Nara
Prefecture, Japan, 607 AD