Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Document 1.2
Document 1.2
Document 1.2
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of Criminal Justice Education
Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges – Marbel Inc.
Koronadal City
CATHLYN F. ANGCON
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Chapter I
INTRODUCTION
Rationale
manner. These principles are intended to guide you in your overall strategy for
supervision need to adhere to these principles. Supervisors should not only find
errors, but they also have to provide a lot of supports to improve or increase
aspect deals with fact finding and the assistance aspect is concerned with the
the results of the 2007 Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study,
which ranked the country 41st out of 46 countries that participated. Thus, the
of the presence of such dismal test scores. Therefore, this paper looks at the
inputs relate to actual test achievement scores of Filipino students (Roble, 2016).
MI. As future criminology instructor, the researcher wants to know the how the
of the students.
Research Objectives
1.1 age;
1.2 sex;
RMMC-MI.
of RMMC-MI.
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articles from books, journals, unpublished thesis, and from internet which were
Foreign Literature
seen a paradigm shift to more of a collegial approach. This paradigm shift was
have more input pertaining to their own developmental process. Recent research
(Danielson, 2016).
5
2019).
The moderately structured level has two supervisory models for a teacher
and supervisor to utilize. The models are developmental and contextual. The
directive approach consists of the supervisor setting goals and objectives for the
teacher; the collaborative approach provides an opportunity for the teacher and
for more teacher control in the supervisory process (Glickman et al., 2015).
Looking back from the approaches used, supervision can also be carried
out using several methods. Glassman et al. (2017) classified it into three, namely
finds solutions to the problems faced, improves, or develops himself and the
and developing.
the factors that prevent them from performing their role properly is a good
modern technology, its ability to suit the abilities of learners and the diversity of
and other users by means of avatars, these environments may present a higher
computer-user interfaces with which most are familiar. Cognitive load refers to
order to place it into long-term memory for later use. If the cognitive load is too
great, the information will not be processed into long-term memory efficiently,
the most favorable output depends on the components of the learning system.
teacher. The results of the research by Rahayu et al. (2018) showed that
education in schools.
Then, the research by Suryadarma et al., (2017) proved that there was a
achievement. In line with the previous study, the research results presented that
between students and teachers was the most dominant predictor of learners’
has become an increasingly demanding role for supervisors because they need
to lead the candidates towards the successful completion of their theses. This
puts upon supervisors the need to cope with the demands of effectively
evolving field of interest not only for supervisors and candidates but also for other
stakeholders who wish to examine it. This paper seeks to review the existing
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used. It also seeks to highlight the roles of practitioners as well as their impact on
Ideally, the supervisor is not someone who merely assumes the role
it may also be possible that some supervisors lack the required expertise to
have such expertise, the transfer of such may still not happen due to limited
special authority that requires commitment to such authority. This is where the
two things: the profess-ion, and the practice of that profession. The supervisor
teaching work but is also an avenue to train future practitioners in the actual
community to which they will eventually belong. The practice of profession refers
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make up the know-how of the practitioner. Beckett & Hager (2017) aptly
evident in various intentional actions’ (p. 5). This does not only pertain to the
skills, but also to the tacere—the ‘soft skills’ that characterize embodied tacit
how she did it but the candidate pulled it through,’ ‘He left everything to me and
now I’m lost,’ or ‘I learned so much from my supervisor despite less supervision’.
Essentially, the practice of supervision refers not only to ‘knowing what’ and
‘knowing how’ but also ‘knowing why’ that represent the appropriate judgments
supervisors make during ‘hot action’ (Beckett & Hager, 2017) referring to the
reflective thinking and action though they may be seen as otherwise everyday
licensing the academic with the necessary research and technical skills and also
the ‘swampy’ experiences and judgements that are embedded in the practice of
so that they can help students through a manual to use as a reference point for
communication (Berney & Bourquin, 2019). The issue of who ought to initiate
part of both what the student is paying for and of the informal, if not explicit,
strategy, is one possible way to solve supervision issues because a contract sets
out the roles and responsibilities of both the supervisor and the student.
Local Literature
Education is the main element that determines the progress of the nation.
education, and excellent resources will enhance the development of the nation.
The experience of advanced countries shows that a country, even with minimal
Indonesia and the Philippines are two countries that are categorized as
Student Assessment (PISA) in 2018, Indonesia was in the 73 rd, while the
Mathematics, and Science are considered low. It shows that the quality of
education in Indonesia and the Philippines is still below standard (Alcala, 2018).
develop and improve the teaching and learning process and situation for a better
supervised, it can be divided into two, namely group supervision and individual
can also be divided into two, namely direct and indirect techniques. Direct
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media; for example, supervision bulletin, job libraries, and many more (Palomo,
2015).
Reform Number 16 of 2009, one of the main tasks of teachers is to develop their
teacher-facilitator, and it is the permeating idea nowadays. With the debut of the
2019, it has become a silver-lining for both the school heads and subordinates.
Positive and negative response with this new method of classroom observation
has been gathered to study the acceptance of teacher with this new way of
monitoring. With the teachers inviting the school head, they can prepare well and
highlight best practice. On the other side, there has been news of depression
mode. The benefit of having good facilities is that it can be a factor in helping
supervisors to reach their students with ease. There are circumstances where
(Oliva, 2019).
during their research process. Some of them may not be familiar with the
research topic and some of them may lack the requisite knowledge of research
methodology. On the other hand, supervision is one of the main elements that
has become very critical for graduate students to achieve higher degree
ways interactional process that requires both the student and the supervisor to
Foreign Studies
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However, it is a process that can be filled with challenges and dilemmas. This
programs in criminology and criminal justice in the USA select graduate students
to mentor and supervise their experiences during the process, as well as basic
students and report how they would handle the situation. One‐way ANOVA
the most recent attempt to report on the status of the field of supervision from
student achievement. In over 1250 pages, the only reference, cited in the index
even logistical difficulties in being able to make firm connections, scant attempts
“the data did not support this hypothesis”. Although “bivariate correlations
Results indicated that students attained higher test scores in schools with higher
scores over time”. Student achievement levels were higher in schools with
principals with higher ratings. The researchers concluded that principal quality
relationship is correlational and not causal” but that “it is reasonable to believe
that principals who practice and build skills in leadership for teaching and
learning can positively impact their schools’ learning and student performance”.
participants nationally indicate that principals are critical for motivating teachers
Again, the inference is that if such an impact were indeed true, then at
best, it was indirect. Our review of the extant literature confirms the conclusion
drawn by Levin (2016) explained that educational leadership “does not produce a
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and effective (Lewis & Barron, 2014). one of the earliest educators to describe
educators are concerned with (1) “the rate of attainment of some criterion
the commercial and industrial field. Among these studies, the contributions of
Gómez and Herrera (2019) stand out; the authors integrate financial items and
Thus, there are different reports and databases where the results of large-scale
tests are presented (e.g., PISA, SABER PRO, GMAT or TIMSS). These data can
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institution or country. On the other hand, there are data at the individual level,
2020).
units have the same conditions, resources, and infrastructure, which can have
responses, the context of each student to associate their reality with the
the test associated with the existence or lack of specific training on exam topics.
Furthermore, the study by Fischer and Hanze (2019) proved that teaching
some of the research results show that the teacher is the main component that
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was conducted to find out the practices and problems of supervisors working at
primary school level in Pakistan. It revealed that supervisors do not delegate the
result, the team members will not put their all-out efforts in the activity and take it
Forsyth and Hoy (2017) in his book stated that “effective supervision in
public schools is an elusive but fascinating activity, and much confusion and
that a good many teachers view supervisions as simply another layer in the
benchmark universities (see Marsh, Rowe, & Martin, 2002), and frameworks for
Roche, 2004).
Zealand, United States and the United Kingdom. However, there seems to be
little research on how extensively it is practiced. With this I believe that there’s a
during the process. There is a lot of knowing what but less of knowing how and
practice. The latter two are essential areas of research that can provide us
details of the transfer of technical skills, the tacitness of knowledge (e.g., when a
candidate says ‘she’s the best supervisor I had’), the richness of the experience,
and the judgments made by the supervisor during supervision. Most research
focused on the outcomes rather than the processes, which I believe are also
worth examining
Local Studies
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This study is anchored upon salient factors such as the perceptions of the
benefited by the study for they shall be provided with a massive insight of how
the Student Government operates. Since they are prospective leaders of the
college, they may be able to determine which programs and projects could
personnel and faculty members, they shall be illuminated with the real scenario
of how student leaders work for the welfare of their constituents. They shall get a
campus; thereby helping them in some aspects of their academic lives (Padillo,
2018).
For the students, this study would provide the needed information as to
which redound to their welfare. Based on the foregoing findings, the following
doing its role in the college in making the students aware of their political rights. It
is just that they need to hold regular leadership training seminars so that the
students, especially the student leaders, could adequately learn how to become
more mature and effective leaders. It should play the role of a facilitator to the
(Severino, 2018).
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study indicated that there was a relationship between teacher training and its
also proved that in-service education and training programs had a significant
Somers and Sikorova (2018) also found out that in-service education
programs improved teacher teaching practices. Similarly, study showed that in-
service education programs could develop teacher attitudes towards the use of
technology in the teaching and learning process. The results of the study also
indicated that students who were taught by teachers who took training programs
supervision activities.
Secretary Briones signed into policy DepEd Order No. 42, S. 2017, which
Professional Standards for Teachers. The policy states, among others, that the
PPST “shall be used as a basis for all learning and development programs for
teachers.” The PPST identifies what teachers are expected to know, be able to
do, and value in their profession. This national order is designed to be adopted
for teachers alongside with the general annual evaluation for all government
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special gauge in ensuring quality teaching. Under the Republic Act 10533,
teachers to reflect and develop self-awareness about their own practice, and (3)
for one entire school year for each teacher should be done, i.e., one formal
students’ A-level and Diploma admission points and academic performance, but
performance. The findings also revealed that there was a significant relationship
performance.
Synthesis
manner. These principles are intended to guide you in your overall strategy for
curriculum.
efficiency of university faculty members and uncovering the factors that prevent
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them from performing their role properly is a good indicator of the interest of a
Theoretical Framework
Theory. This theory states that every person has the same needs, but each
achievement, power and affiliation. The need for achievement is the desire to do
well at a task, the need for power demonstrates itself through influence over
other people, and the need for affiliation is the yearning for meaningful
relationships. Management needs to identify each person's first priority need and
Conceptual Framework
MI.
Input
Supervision and
Performance Efficiency of
Newly Criminology Interns
of RMMC-MI
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Enhancement Plan
Output
Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study
Significance of the Study
the students.
Criminology Intern Unit. This will help them in determining the level of
Criminology Students. This study this will be a future reference that may
used when they become interns. It also helps them to identify the importance or
Researcher. This study will help them with the different supervision and
Definition of Terms
The following terms are defined conceptually and operationally for better
region, the nearby provinces and the whole Mindanao (RMMC Handbook, 2010).
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machine or system can achieve its goal, while efficiency is how much resources
are used to achieve that goal (Oxford Dictionary, 2015). Operationally, it refers to
Volume.
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Chapter II
METHODOLOGY
This chapter presents the research design, locale of the study, research
Research Design
This study will use the descriptive survey method of research because its
descriptive categories.
Research Locale
sectarian Higher Educational Institution that has been serving the community of
population. If for some reasons, the sample does not represent the population,
Research Instrument
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criminology interns of RMMC-MI. The following will be using the Likert scales
– Strongly Disagree.
Data Collection
the Criminology Intern Unit Coordinator and to the respondents to conduct and
respondent.
Tallying and Collaboration of Data. At this stage, the researcher will tally
Statistical Tools
Ethical Considerations
Both the responders’ identities and their personal information may keep strictly
confidential at all times. The researcher made certain that they interacted with
respondents in a proper and respectful manner, that they did not intrude on their
privacy without their explicit permission, that they did not affect or cause any
harm to their emotions. All the data obtained from them properly.
_____ 20 - 21 _____Male
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_____ 22 - 23 _____Female
_____ 24 – 25
Direction: Please put a check on the box that corresponds to your best answer.
Items 4 3 2 1
Direction: Please put a check on the box that corresponds to your best answer.
Items 4 3 2 1
to do a good job.