DepEd Learning Activity Sheets

Grade 11
Name of Learner: ____________________ Grade Level & Section: 11 - _______

STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

LAS 1: Illustrating a Random Variable – Discrete and Continuous

Learning Competencies:
After going through this module, you are expected to:
1. define random variable; and
2. illustrate random variables (discrete and continues).

Lesson 1 Illustrating a Random Variable (Discrete and Continuous)

In the study of basic probability, you have discovered that an experiment is any
movement that should be possible more than once under comparative condition. The
arrangement of every possible outcomes of an experiment is what we called a sample space.
You have additionally figured out how to mathematically list down the conceivable outcome of
a given experiment. In tossing a coin, for example, the potential results are turning up a head
or a tail.
For you to begin let us all understand that probability distributions can be illustrated or
classified as discrete probability distributions or as continuous probability distributions,
depending on whether they define probabilities associated with discrete variables and
continuous variables.
A variable X whose value depends on the outcome of a random process is called a random
variable. A random variable is a variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a random
phenomenon.
A random variable is denoted with a capital letter. The probability distribution of a
random variable X tells what the possible values of X are and how probabilities are assigned to
those values.
A random variable can be discrete or continuous.
Experiment 1: Tossing a coin
As you can see in one- peso coin, it has Dr. Jose P. Rizal on one side, which we will call
it as Head (H), and the other side is the Tail (T). Toss your one-peso coin three times and record
in your notebook the results of the three tosses. In order to write the result easily, use letter H
for the heads and letter T for the tails.
If the results of your three tosses are heads, tails, heads, then you will write HTH on your
notebook.

Example 1: How many heads when we toss 3 coins?

Continue tossing your coin and record the time. If possible, use mobile phone timer and
record up to the last minutes.
Let say in a minute, how many times the heads and tails appeared. Then, record all the
possible answers on your notebook.
Write all eight possible outcomes. You can do this systematically so that you do not get
confused later on.
In this instance, there might be 0 heads, 1 Head, 2 Heads or 3 Heads.
Thus, the sample space is equal to 0, 1, 2, 3

1 of 5 pages
 Then this time the results or outcomes are NOT entirely equally likely.
The three coins land in eight possible ways:
X = Number of Heads
X X

TTT 0 THH 2

TTH 1 HTH 2

THT 1 HHT 2

HTT 1 HHH 3

Looking at the table we see just 1 case of Three Head, but 3 cases of Two Heads,
3 cases of One Head, and 1 case of Zero Heads. So:
• P(X=3) = 1/8
• P(X=2) = 3/8
• P(X=1) = 3/8
• P(X=0) = 1/8

That particular example is a discrete variable. A discrete variable is a variable, which

can only view a countable amount of values. Thus, a discrete random variable X has possible
values 𝑥1 , 𝑥2 , 𝑥3 .....
In Graphical Form:

1/2

3/8
1/4 1/4
Probability

2/8

1/8
PROBABLITY

0 1 2
RANDOM VARIABLE

We can use the probability distribution to answer questions about variable x. In symbols,
we want to find P(X ≥1). We could add probabilities to find the answer:
P(X≥1) = P(X=1) + P(X=2) +P(X=3)
1 3 3 7
= + + =
8 8 8 8
P(X≥1) =1 – P(X < 1) = 1 - P(X = 0)
= 1 – 1/8 = 7/8
Example 2;For a fair coin tosses twice, the probability of each of the possible values for Number
of Heads can be tabulated as shown:

2 of 5 pages
 Sample space Number of Heads
HH 1

HT 2

TH
TT 3
Number of Heads 0 1 2

Probability 1/4 2/4 or 1/2 1/4

Let x is equal to the number of heads observed. x is what we called random variable.
• P( X=2) = 1/4
• P( X=1) = 2/4
• P( X=0) = 1/4
This is again an example of a discrete variable. Thus, a discrete random variable X has
possible values x1, x2 , x3, .....

In Graphical Form:
2/4
2/4
PROBABLITY

1/4 1/4
Probability

1/4

0 1 2
RANDOM VARIABLE

We can use the probability distribution to answer questions about variable x. In symbols,
we want to find P(X ≥1). We could add probabilities to find the answer:
P(X≥1) = P(X=1) + P(X=2)
1 2 3
= + =
4 4 4
P(X≥1) =1 – P(X < 1)
= 1 – 1/4 = 3/4
While to understand the concept of continuous variable, below are the examples
✓ height of students in class
✓ weight of 10 statistics books
✓ Time it takes to get to school
✓ distance travelled between classes
A continuous variable is a value that is being acquired by measuring.
Illustration 2:
1. How many outcomes are there in tossing 2 coins? 3 coins? 4 coins?

EVENT SAMPLE SPACE

2 coins are tossed HH, HT, TH, TT
3 coins are tossed HHH, HHT,THH, THT HTH, HTT, TTH, TTT
HHHH, HHTH, HHTT, HHHT, HTHH, HTHT, THTT,TTHH,
4 coins are tossed
HTTH, HTTT, THHH, THHT, TTTT, THTH, TTHT, TTTH

3 of 5 pages
 A random variable is a numerical quantity that is assigned to the outcome of an
experiment. We use capital letters to represent a random variable.
Continuous Data can acquire some value within a range (like for example a person's
height)
This comprises activities for independent practice to solidify your understanding and
skills of the topic.

A Random Variable is a capacity that connects a real number with every component in
the sample space. It is a variable whose qualities are controlled by chance. In this manner, a
Random Variable is a numerical amount that is derived from the results of an arbitrary trial or
experiment. The word “random” is used often in everyday life.
Types of Random Variables:
At that point, recognize the two types of arbitrary factors. These are the discrete and continuous
random variables.
Discrete Random Variables are variables can take on a finite number of distinct values.
Examples are number of heads acquired while flipping a coin three times, the number of kin an individual
has, the number of students present in a study hall at a given time, and so forth.
You can change the experiment to just flipping a coin twice to make things simpler. Here, the
outcomes will be only four: HH, HT, TH, and TT. In addition, the possible values of X are 0, 1, and 2.
Continuous Random Variables, then again, are random variables that take an interminably
uncountable number of potential values, regularly measurable amounts. Examples are the height or
weight of an individual, the time an individual takes for an individual to wash, time, temperature, item
thickness, length, age, etc.
Now, let us try to look to some examples of random variables from the table below.
Table 1. Examples of Random Variables
Types of Random
Experiment Number X or the Random Variable X Variable
1. Record the number of hours of specific student
The number of hours an specific student use their
use their mobile from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm for Discrete
mobile from 8:00 am to 5:00 pm
the past three nights.
2. Buying two trays of egg in the market. The weight of eggs in kilograms Continuous
3. Recording of the gender of family members in a
The number of boys among the children
family with three children Discrete
4. Students will prepare for a quiz in Mathematics
How much time spends reviewing for this quiz Continuous

5. Rolling a pair of dice Numbers appeared in a pair of dice Discrete

Activity 1:
A. Complete the following statements by writing the correct word.
1. A variable whose value is obtained by counting data is called__________
2. A variable whose value is obtained by measuring is called_____________
3. A variable that can be discrete or continuous is ______________________
4. Time it takes to get to school is an example of ________________________
5. Number of heads in flipping coins is an example of ___________________

B. Complete the table below.

Experiment Number X or the Random Types of Random
Variable X Variable
1. Number of rings before the phone is answered 6. 11.
2. Teacher ask the students to finish the test after an hour 7. 12.
3. Number of complaints per day 8. 13.
4. Height of the tallest building in Legazpi City 9. 14.
5. Number of Mobile phones in a household 10. 15.

4 of 5 pages
 C. Classify whether the given experiment implies a discrete random variable or a
continuous random variable. Write D if discrete and C if continuous.
_____ 16. The temperature of a solution in the laboratory
_____ 17. Collecting data about the heights of students in a public school
_____ 18. Surveying about the number of cases due to Covid - 19 pandemic in Quezon Province
_____ 19. Recording the distance travelled by the bus
_____ 20. Number of promoted students at the end of school year

Activity 2:
Pag-asa National High School-Senior High School would like to conduct election for the
Accountancy Business and Management (ABM) officers. Below is the complete table for the
possible outcomes from a sample of four voters. Identify the value of random variable of the
number of “yes” votes and complete the table of the Random Variable X below.

Value of Random Variables

Event Voter # 1 Voter #2 Voter #3 Voter #4
(Number of Yes votes)

1 Y Y Y Y 1.
2 Y Y Y N 2.
3 Y Y N Y 3.
4 Y Y N N 4.
5 Y N Y Y 5.
6 Y N Y N 6.
7 Y N N Y 7.
8 Y N N N 8.
9 N Y Y Y 9.
10 N Y Y N 10.
11 N Y N Y 11.
12 N Y N N 12.
13 N N Y Y 13.
14 N N Y N 14.
15 N N N Y 15.
16 N N N N 16.

Random Variable (X) – No. of YES votes

X

P(x)

Engr.Homeryu- Nald Math 5 of 5 pages

learning&gaming Learning