Grade

10

MATHEMATICS
QUARTER 2 – MODULE 5
MELC 9
DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO POINTS
PART I.
MELC 9: Applies the distance formula to prove some geometric properties.

A. Introduction/Discussion
This module was designed and written with you in your mind. It is here to help you
apply the distance formula to prove some geometric properties. The scope of this module
permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The lesson is arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course but the pacing in which you read and answer this
module will vary on your ability.
After going through this module, the learner should be able to:
a. Applies the distance formula to prove some geometric properties.
So, if you’re ready let us start the ball rolling.
Along the San Jacinto highway are the houses of four Grade-10 students namely
Rose, Manie, Rico and Jess. Their teacher’s house is some blocks away from Rico’s house
as illustrated below.

Teacher

Rose Manie Rico Jess

SAN JACINTO HIGHWAY

Let’s have the following questions:

1. What is the distance between Manie’s house and Rico’s house?

Answer: Looking at the figure, Manie’s house is located at the coordinates (1,1)
while Rico’s house is located at the coordinates (4,1). The distance between Manie’s
house and Rico’s house can be obtained by just counting the number line. So we
have 3 units.

2. How about the distance between the teacher’s house and Rico’s house?
Answer: The teacher’s house coordinates is (4,5) while Rico’s house is (4,1).
We will just count the vertical distance of the teacher’s house from Rico’s
house. By counting, we have 4 units so the distance between the
teacher’s house and Rico’s house is 4 units.

3. Use the line segments to connect the points representing the house of
Manie (M), their teacher (T) and Rico (R). What kind of triangle is formed?
 T (Teacher)

4 Units
M ( Manie )
R (Rico)

3 Units
4. Give the coordinates of M, T, and R.
Answer: M (1, 1 ), T ( 4, 5 ) R ( 4, 1 )
5. Using the coordinates, how do you determine the horizontal distance from
M to R or R to M? the vertical distance from T to R or R to T?
Answer: To determine the horizontal distance from M to R or R to M,
find the absolute value of the difference of the x-values of the
coordinate of the point. So, horizontal distance from R to M or
M to R is, I 1- 4 I = I -3 I = 3.
6. How about the vertical distance from T to R or R to T?
Answer: To determine the vertical distance from T to R or R to T, find
the absolute value of the difference of the y values of the
point. So, vertical distance from T to R or R to T is,
I 5- 1 I = 4 or alternately I 1- 5 I = 4
7. Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the distance between the Teacher’s
house and Manie’s house.
Answer: Since we have a right triangle, we can use the Pythagorean
Theorem to find the distance between Manie’s house and
Teacher’s house. c2 = a2 + b2
Substitute the given values into the formula:
c2 = (4)2 + (3)2, c2 = 16 + 9, c2 = 25 , √
c = 5 units
So the distance between Manie’s house and Teacher’s house is 5 units.
Replace the coordinates of M by (x1, y1) and T by (x2, y2). The coordinates
of R is (x2, y1).
 Horizontal distance from M to R or R to M.
MR = │X1 – X2 │ or │X2 – X1 │

 Vertical distance from T to R or R to T.

TR = │Y1 – Y2 │ or │Y2 – Y1 │
 To compute for the distance from M to T we will use the Pythagorean
Theorem and substitute the value.
│MT│2 = │MR│2 + │TR│2
MT 2 = (X1 – X2 ) 2 + ( Y1 – Y2 ) 2
MT = ( X1 – X2 ) 2 + ( Y1 – Y2 ) 2
This is the distance formula which is an application of the Pythagorean
theorem. It is a useful tool in finding the distance between two endpoints of the
diameter, we can use the distance formula to find its length. The distance
formula comes also with some uses in everyday life. It can be used as a
strategy for easy navigation and distance estimation. For example, if you want
to estimate the distance of two places on a map, simply get the coordinates of
the two points and apply the formula.
B. Illustrative Examples

Example 1: Find the distance between M (1, 1) and T (4, 5)

Solution: Let ( X1 , Y1) = ( 1, 1 ) and ( X2 , Y2) = ( 4, 5 )

MT is
This X1 – X2 ) formula
= the (distance 2
+ ( Y1 – Y 2
d 2=) √ 𝑋 𝑋 𝑌 𝑌

√
√
√

√
d=5
MT = 5 units

Example 2: Find the distance between A ( -2, 1 ) and B ( 2, -1 )

Solution: Let ( X1 , Y1) = ( -2, 1 ) and ( X2 , Y2) = ( 2, -1)
Formula: √
√
√
√
√ .√
√

Note:

 The linear distance between the two points is the square root of
the sum of the squared values of the x-axis distance and the y-
axis distance.
 The formula for distance d = √ 𝑋 𝑋 𝑌 𝑌

Sometimes, you need to find the point that is exactly midway between two
other points. For instance, you might need to find a line that bisects (divides into two
equal halves) a given line segment. This middle point is called the “midpoint”.

The Midpoint Formula

If L ( X1 , Y1 ) and N ( X2 , Y2 ) are the endpoints of a segment and M is the

midpoint, then the coordinate of M = ( X1 + X2 , Y1 + Y2 ). This is also referred to as
the Midpoint Formula 2 2

N (x2 ,
y2)

𝑋 𝑋 𝑌 𝑌
𝑀

L ( x1 , y1)
Example 1: The coordinates of the endpoints of LG are ( -3, -2) and (8, 9)
respectively. What are the coordinates of its midpoint M?
Solution: Let X1 = -3, Y1 = -2, X2 = 8, and Y2 = 9.
Substitute:
M = (X1 + X2, Y1 + Y2)
2 2
M = ( -3 + 8 , -2 + 9)
2 2
M= The coordinates of the midpoint of LG

Let us now use the distance formula to prove some geometric properties. To
prove geometric properties using the method of coordinate Geometry, consider the
following guidelines for placing figures on a coordinate plane.
1. Use the origin as vertex or center of a figure.
2. Place at least one side of a polygon on axis.
3. If possible, keep the figure within the first quadrant.
4. Use the coordinates that make computation simple and easy. Sometimes,
using the coordinates that are multiples of two would make the computation
easier. In some coordinate plane, the distance formula is applied.

Example 2: Prove that the diagonals of a rectangle are congruent using the methods
of Coordinate geometry.

Solution: A B Given: ABCD with

diagonals
AC and BD.

Prove: AC ≅ BD

D C

To prove :
1. Place ABCD on a coordinate plane.

B (0, b) C (a, b)

A ( 0, 0) D ( a, 0)

a. Find the distance between A and C

Given : A ( 0, 0 ) , C ( a, b )
AC = √
AC = √
b. Find the distance between B and D
Given: B ( 0, b) D ( a, 0 )
BD = √
BD = √
Since AC = BD by substitution. Therefore, AC ≅ BD. The diagonals of
rectangle are congruent (≅ ).
 Example 3: Prove or disprove that the quadrilateral with vertices A (4, 4),
B (3, 1), C (-2, -1), D (-1, 2) is a parallelogram.
Y
A

Solution: d = √
AB = √
√
√
√
BC = √
√
√
√
CD = √{ } { }
√
√
√
DA = √
√
√
√
Since the two pairs of opposite sides of the quadrilateral are equal,
this means quadrilateral ABCD is a parallelogram

Example 4: Use the diagonals to determine whether a with the given vertices
is a rectangle, rhombus, or a square. Give all names that apply.
Vertices: K (-5,-1), L (-2,4), M (3,1), N (0,-4)
Solution:
d=√
LN = √{ }
=√
=√
=√
= 2√
KM = √
= √{ }
=√
=√
=√
= 2√
 Since the diagonals are congruent, KLMN is a rectangle, m =
Now, let us check to see if the diagonals are perpendicular.

Slope of LN = = =-4

Slope of KM = = =
Since the product of their slopes is -1, then the diagonals are
perpendicular. It is a rhombus. It is also a square.

Example 5: Determine perimeter and the area of ABC in the figure below.

B (3,3)

A C
(-5,-3) ( 5,-3)
Solution: a) Perimeter of ABC
Length of AB ( -5, -3 ) ( 3, 3 )
d = √{ } { }
d=√
d=√
d=√
d = 10 units
Length of BC ( 3, 3 ) ( 5, -3 )
d=√
d=√
d=√
d=√
d = 2√
≈ 6.3 units
Length of AC can be easily obtained by just counting since it is horizontal it
is equal to 10 units.
B (3, 3)
Perimeter of ABC = AB + BC + AC
= 10 + 6.3 + 10
= 26.3 units
b) Area of ABC = 1 bh
2
Length of AC = base = 10 units
Perpendicular height = 6 units

Area of ABC = 1 bh A C
2 (-5, -3) ( 5, -3)
= 1 (10)(6)
2
= 30 units2
Example 6: The coordinates of the endpoints of DE are (10,17 ) and ( x,1)
respectively. If the distance between D and E is 20 units, what value/s
would satisfy the given condition? Justify your answer.

Solution: D ( 10, 17 ) , E ( X, 1 )
d=√
20 = √
20 = √
20 = √
400 = x2 – 20x + 356
0 = x2 – 20x + 356 – 400
0 = x2 – 20x – 44
0 = (x – 22) (x + 2)
x = 22, x = -2

The values of x are 22 and -2.

References:
https://www.youtube.com/watchv=wqxoucorKz8

https://www.youtube.com/watch=JnLDmw3bbuw&t=100s

Mathematics-Grade 10
Learner’s Module
First Edition 2015

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/distance-formula.html

https://doubleroot.in/lessons/coordinate-geometry-basics/distance-formula-
examples/

https://www.ck12.org/geometry/applications-of-the-distance-
formula/lesson/The-Distance-formula-GEOM-HNRS/

https://cdn.kutasoftware.com/Worksheets/Geo/3-
e%20Distance%20Formula.pdf
Part II: ACTIVITIES

Directions: Solve the following problems:

1. Find the lengths of the sides of the square whose vertices are located at
M(-2,2), A(1,2), T(1,-1), H(-2,-1)
2. Find the perimeter of the triangle below.
Use the distance formula to find the length of each side.

3. Find the radius of a circle, given that the center is at (-3,1)and the point (2,1)
lies on the circle.
4. Find the perimeter of the rectangle below.

5. What is the perimeter of the scalene triangle with vertices of (1,1), (4,3), (5,1)?

B. Directions: Solve the following problems.

1. If the following three points make up a triangle: (0,4), (2,-1) & (-2,2) What is
the perimeter of the triangle?
2. Find the area of the rectangle below.

3. Find the perimeter of the hexagon below

C. Find the area of the triangle whose vertices are T(2,3), H(1,-2) and E(-2,-1).
Part II. Activities.
Come, Let’s Try It On:
Activity I
A.
1. 3
2. 16.53
3. 5
4. 16
5. 9.84
B. 1. 13.22
2. 12
3. 18
C. Solution: Well? Recall the Heron’s Formula for finding out the area
of a triangle A = √𝑠 𝑠 𝑎 𝑠 𝑏 𝑠 𝑐 , where a, b, c are the lengths
of the sides and s=(a+b+c)/2. Here the lengths of the sides TH, HE and
ET are 5.10, 3.16 and 5.66 respectively, which makes s = . . Putting
the values in the above formula, we get A =
√ . . . . . . . = 63.95 ans.
Answer Key (Part II)
Part III. Assessment

Direction: Solve the problems below.

For items 1 and 2, refer to the figure below.
1. Find the lengths of each side of the triangle below.

2. Find the perimeter of the triangle ABC with vertices A(-3,1), B(1,5) &C(-2,-1).
3. Find the length of the radius of the circle.

4. Find the perimeter of quadrilateral CARE with vertices

C(-1,5), A(-3,3), R(1,0) and E(3,1).
5. Find the perimeter of the triangle XYZ.

B. Direction: Solve the problems below.

1. Find the length of the radius of a circle with endpoints (-4,-1) and (-1,-1).
2. Find the perimeter of quadrilateral JACE.

3. Find the perimeter of the pentagon ASDFG with vertices A(-2,3), S(2,1),
D(1,-1), F(-2,-2) and G(-4,0).

C. Find the area of rectangle FACE.