Date: ……………. Page No. …..

Experiment No. 9
Name of Experiment: To identify the functional group present in given organic compound No. 5.

Physical Characteristics:
State: Liquid
Colour: Colourless
Solubility: Soluble in water

Experiment Observation Inference

1. Test for unsaturation: Permanganate colour of solution No unsaturation was

A little amount of given organic was not discharged. present.
compound was dissolved in water in a test
tube and 1-2 drops of alkaline 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4
(Baeyer’s Reagent) were added to it.

2. Litmus test: No action on litmus (neutral to Alcoholic or

A little amount of given organic litmus) carbonyl (aldehyde
compound was placed on moist litmus and ketone) may be
paper. present.

3. Ceric ammonium nitrate test: Pink colouration was not obtained. Alcoholic group was
1 mL of the given organic compound absent.
was taken in a clean test tube and a few
drops of ceric ammonium nitrate was
added to it. The reaction mixture was
shaken well.

4. 2,4-DNP test: Orange-yellow crystal was obtained. Carbonyl (aldehyde

1 mL of given organic compound was and ketone) was
shaken with 2-3 ml of 2,4-dinitrphenyl absent.
hydrazine in a test tube and allowed to
stand for five minutes.

5. Tollen’s test: Silver mirror was not formed on inner Aldehyde was
1 mL of the given organic compound side of test tube. absent.
was warmed with 1 mL of Tollens’s
reagent in a test tube over a water bath.

6.Fehling’s test: Red precipitate not appeared. Aldehyde was

1 mL each of Fehling’s solution A and B absent.
were taken in a test tube. 4-5 drops of the
given organic compound was added to it.
The test tube was warmed over a water
bath for 5 minutes.

7. m-dinitrobenzene test: Violet colouration appeared. Ketonic group was

About 0.1 g of finely powdered m- present.
dinitrobenzene was added to 0.5 ml of
given organic compound. Then about 1
mL of dil. NaOH was added to it. Mixture
was shaken.
8. Sodium nitroprusside test: A red colouration was obtained Ketonic group was
present.
0.5 ml of given organic compound
was added to 1 mL of solution of sodium
nitroprusside in a clean test tube. Mixture
was shaken Then NaOH was added
dropwise to it.

Result: The given organic compound number 5 contains ketone (-CO-) functional group.
Reactions involved:

𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻3 + 𝑂𝐻 − → 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻2 − + 𝐻2 𝑂

Ketone

[ 𝐹𝑒(𝐶𝑁 )5 𝑁𝑂]2− + 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻2 − → [ 𝐹𝑒(𝐶𝑁 )5 𝑁𝑂. 𝐶𝐻3 𝐶𝑂𝐶𝐻2 ]3−

Nitroprusside ion Red colouration