Fundamentals of Quality Managemen

Name: Aviral Rai Sharma

Division: A
PRN: 20030122033

Define Phase
The main issue of Pringles is chips being smaller than anticipated or wanted is.
It may be referring to the quantity of chips in a bag or packet, or it may be referring to the physical dimensions
One explanation for why the chips might be smaller is that the potatoes used to create them are smaller.
Another option is that the thickness of the potato slices utilised or the cooking and seasoning procedures empl

Scope
The scope of the problem size refers to the extent and boundaries of the issue.
In this instance, any customer who orders Pringles and anticipates a certain size or quantity of chips may be im
It is significant to remember that the problem with Pringles' small-sized chips is not necessarily restricted to a c
The potential financial consequences on customers who are dissatisfied with the size of the chips and would be
Any customer who buys chips and anticipates a specific size or number may be impacted by the issue of small s
It might also cover the possible effects on Pringles' reputation should the problem with the little chips spread a

Measure Phase
In the making of chips, the manufacturer controls or manipulates the independent variables, whereas the depe

Here are some examples of independent variables in the production process of chips:

1. Dimensions- The dimensions of a chip can be easily modified by the organisation and is easily controllable.
2. Seasoning: The seasoning can be modified by the manufacturer to achieve a desired flavor and taste.
3. Raw materials: The manufacturer has control over the kind and calibre of potatoes utilised
4. Quality control: To make sure the chips adhere to certain requirements, the producer can put quality control

Here are a few instances of dependent variables used in the making of chips:

1. Sales: The dependent variables, such as the flavour and taste, texture, and shelf life of the product, might ha
2. Flavor and taste: The raw ingredients, recipe, and manufacturing process are independent variables that affe
3. Texture: The raw materials, manufacturing procedure, and quality control procedures are independent varia
4. Shelf life: The duration of the chips' shelf life depends on factors that are independent of one another, such a
5. Area of the chip- area of the chip depends on the length and breadth of the chip.

The size and shape of a chip may vary depending on the flavor and the specific production process used to mak
The chips are typically around 5-10 millimeters (0.2-0.4 inches) thick and have a length and width of around 5-
It is worth noting that the size and shape of Lay's chips may vary slightly from one flavor to another,
and that the size and shape of the chips can also be affected by factors such as the thickness of the potato slice
Management Assignment 5

to the physical dimensions of the chips, such as their length, width, or thickness.
eate them are smaller.
seasoning procedures employed throughout the production process result in smaller chips.

quantity of chips may be impacted by the issue of the small size of the chips manufactured by Pringles.
necessarily restricted to a certain area or market.
e of the chips and would be less willing to buy them in the future are another aspect of the problem's scope.
acted by the issue of small size in this situation.
with the little chips spread and have a negative influence on consumers' opinions of the brand.

variables, whereas the dependent variables are the outputs or results that are measured or observed.

and is easily controllable.

red flavor and taste.

ucer can put quality control methods in place.

ife of the product, might have an impact on chip sales.

ependent variables that affect the flavour and taste of the chips.
ures are independent variables that affect the chips' texture, including how crisp they are.
ndent of one another, such as their packaging and storage environment.

uction process used to make the chip. In general, chips are thin and have a length and width that is similar to that of a potato slice.
gth and width of around 5-10 centimeters (2-4 inches).
avor to another,
thickness of the potato slice used to make the chip and the specific cooking and seasoning processes used
imilar to that of a potato slice.
Thickness of the Length of chip (in
chip (in mm) X1 mm) X2
6 45
6 41
3 85
2 44
7 60
3 49
3 68
8 77
7 92
8 43
10 34
4 37
10 37
7 77
9 51
9 46
6 71
7 60
10 89
4 56
10 55
2 64
5 65
6 87
10 76
2 63
10 52
10 98
7 66
8 59
6 64
4 65
3 50
7 33
7 74
9 89
8 33
4 80
5 60
4 41
 5 64
5 40
4 48
6 70
7 71
8 36
4 85
10 49
2 43
10 32
4 74
7 55
2 56
6 89
4 32
4 77
5 34
2 100
6 85
10 68
4 56
9 42
7 63
9 59
8 52
9 32
10 60
7 42
9 48
6 32
10 60
7 88
8 33
4 38
10 47
4 55
10 93
8 57
5 38
9 43
2 85
8 64
3 36
3 96
4 57
 6 99
10 46
7 63
3 36
2 75
8 62
7 51
4 31
8 34
8 51
10 64
6 39
10 91
2 44
4 90
8 40
Area of the chip
(in mm) Y
270
246 X1 AVG = 6.37
255 X1 MAX = 10
88 X1 MIN = 2
420 SD of X1 = 2.58
147
204
616 X2AVG+3*STDDEV 116.11
644 x2AVG+2*STDDEV 97.00
344 x2AVG+1*STDDEV 77.88
340 x2AVG 58.77
148 x2AVG-1*STDDEV 39.66
370 x2AVG-2*STDDEV 20.55
539 x2AVG-3*STDDEV 1.44
459
414
426
420
890
224
550
128
325
522
760
126
520
980
462
472
384
260
150
231
518
801
264
320
300
164
320
200
192
420
497
288
340
490
86
320
296
385
112
534
128
308
170
200
510
680
224
378
441
531
416
288
600
294
432
192
600
616
264
152
470
220
930
456
190
387
170
512
108
288
228
594
460
441
108
150
496
357
124
272
408
640
234
910
88
360
320
X2 AVG = 58.772 y AVG = 371.545
X2 MAX = 100 y MAX = 980
X2 MIN = 31 y MIN = 86
SD of X2 = 19.112 SD of y = 197.645

X1AVG+3*STDDEV 14.11
X1AVG+2*STDDEV 11.53
X1AVG+1*STDDEV 8.95
X1AVG 6.37
X1AVG-1*STDDEV 3.78
X1AVG-2*STDDEV 1.20
X1AVG-3*STDDEV -1.38

yAVG+3*STDDEV 964.48
yAVG+2*STDDEV 766.83
yAVG+1*STDDEV 569.19
yAVG 371.54
yAVG-1*STDDEV 173.90
yAVG-2*STDDEV 371.54
yAVG-3*STDDEV -221.39
Thickness
of the Length of Area of
chip (in chip (in the chip
mm) X1 mm) X2 (in mm) Y
Thickness
of the Area of
chip (in the chip 1000
4 84 336 mm) X1 (in mm) Y 900
800
8 82 656 3 88
700
7 80 560 6 141

Y (area in mm)
600 f(x)
5 66 330 3 258 500
R² =
6 98 588 7 576 400
2 85 170 8 308 300
8 100 800 3 544 200
3 47 141 2 336 100
4 144 5 564 0
36 20 30
8 56 448 6 176
7 84 588 2 112
3 33 99 7 273
6 99 594 2 297
10 71 710 7 675
5 99 495 5 740
8 35 280 9 490 1200
9 99 891 10 380
1000
10 92 920 7 378
9 65 585 2 710 800

Y (area in mm)
4 95 380 2 960
600
9 31 279 8 470
9 100 900 3 280 400
f(x) =
4 41 164 10 246 R² = 0
200
5 69 345 9 740
3 78 234 10 560 0
1 2
7 75 525 9 704
10 75 750 2 396
4 74 296 3 136
3 72 216 10 435
4 78 312 3 250
8 57 456 10 400
2 46 92 9 288
10 76 760 6 92
5 55 275 7 532
7 66 462 7 102
9 91 819 2 820
9 63 567 9 600
6 80 480 4 609
2 54 108 3 130
 2 57 114 9 325
6 72 432 4 310
8 72 576 7 68
2 64 128 5 252
9 33 297 8 930
2 68 136 9 588
3 68 204 6 550
9 93 837 7 144
7 56 392 9 291
9 43 387 4 252
3 74 222 7 432
7 100 700 3 210
9 50 450 8 435
8 89 712 4 330
8 59 472 10 90
6 82 492 5 320
9 90 810 8 390
6 93 558 3 310
8 52 416 6 304
10 31 310 6 450
10 60 600 8 582
9 43 387 10 800
2 54 108 6 188
4 67 268 10 99
5 97 485 4 225
10 56 560 9 188
9 45 405 7 300
6 54 324 4 686
2 39 78 2 294
9 51 459 7 168
6 84 504 2 380
10 84 840 9 335
9 50 450 10 588
10 76 760 10 105
7 52 364 8 950
2 34 68 8 93
9 92 828 7 504
10 68 680 5 744
5 88 440 5 402
3 43 129 3 240
2 57 114 9 158
6 54 324 3 99
3 44 132 8 568
3 83 249 6 882
6 89 534 2 96
 4 73 292 8 488
7 87 609 3 245
4 66 264 6 352
5 100 500 5 837
6 74 444 10 120
8 50 400 9 568
4 52 208 2 360
3 40 120 6 864
10 92 920 4 249
7 97 679 9 332
4 60 240 8 276
9 43 387 3 930
2 89 178 7 171
7 59 413 8 70
10 49 490 5 160
5 50 250 5 390
3 45 135 8 544
5 272
 Correlation b/w Y and x2
1000
900
800
700
Y (area in mm)

600 f(x) = 7.41969769220835 x − 75.3029440983916

R² = 0.417126931694978
500
400
300
200
100
0
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
X2 (breadth in mm)

Correlation b/w Y and X1

1200

1000

800
Y (area in mm)

600

400
f(x) = 3.70439997693328 x + 370.084827864598
R² = 0.00168991184515177
200

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
X1 (length in mm)
 Bin Frequency
-2.19 0
1.24 0 Histogram
3.45 20 40 32 30
20 19
5.91 32 20 0 0 0 0

Frequency
8.59 30 0
2 3 5 1 7 5 9 re Frequency
10.57 19 78 970 950 089 831 752 613 Mo
1
2 2 4 1 6 4 8
13.74 0 7 8 9 7 0 9 5 0 0 89 8 3 1 7 5 2 6 1 3
1
More 0 82 0 2 0 4 9 1 1 6 2 4 3 8
8 5 7 24 3 4 5 5 1 0 8 8 9 3 5 6 9 7 3 6
.1 1. 3.4 5.9 8.5 Bin . .
-2 10 13

Interpretation - as mentioned before the value should fall between the range of 3 to 9 mm, meaning 82 peices are useable
g 82 peices are useable
 Bin Frequency
-2.89 0
23.16 0 Histogram
47.33 27 40 27 34 20 20
66.20 34 20 0 0 0 0

Frequency
83.75 20 0
3 9 9 2 8 7 9 re Frequency
109.12 20 67 712 009 980 415 029 712 Mo
2
3 8 9 1 8 7 8
128.80 0 6 7 7 1 2 0 0 9 9 80 4 1 5 0 2 9 7 1 2
2
More 0 73 2 8 3 9 0 1 5 8 3 7 4 8
9 36 163 .33 198 754 .12 .80
.8 3. 47 66. 83. Bin 9 8
10 12
-2 2

Interpretation - the range for x2 should lie between 45 to 100, so 81 of our peices fall into the useable category.
 Bin Frequency
-313.76 0
183.09 23 Histogram
381.99 32 40 32
23 18 20
421.14 5 20 0 5 3 0

Frequency
599.78 18 0
5 8 1 6 3 8 7 re Frequency
827.37 20 54 316 990 138 970 722 128 Mo
5
4 8 0 6 2 7 7
1045.80 3 5 4 3 1 6 9 9 0 1 38 97 0 7 2 2 1 2 8
5
More 0 24 9 8 0 0 8 6 8 3 2 7 9 6
.76 .08 .99 .13 9.7 .37 5.7
13 83 81 21 59 Bin 7 4
82 10
-3 1 3 4

Interpretation - the range for useable chips in y is 350 to 850 mm so 75 of the peices are useable.
Improvement Phase

1. Consistent Slicing - Pringles has invested a lot of money into finding ways for slicing their sheets, their current process is the

2. Frying process - Implementing better ways to fry their chips, diffrent types of oil, temprature and methods for fying affect t

3. Machinery used - Technology is a contanly evolving feild, better and better equipment are created everyday, pringles shou

4. Regular check-ups - As the machines are essential to the chip making process they should be rregularly checked on and we

5. Stricter implementation of quality control helps in incereasing the quality of the chips by large, this in turn helps in increasi
, their current process is the most consistent yet but they continue to strive for better.

d methods for fying affect the thickness of the

ed everyday, pringles should update their machinery to better models

egularly checked on and well maintained.

this in turn helps in increasing sales.