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    D3 - Us5554020a

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    D3 - Us5554020a

    Uploaded by

    Ignace Tack
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    D3 - US5554020A

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    D3 - Us5554020a

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    ‘US00S5S4020A, United States Patent 1) tn Patent Number: 5,554,020 Rao et al. 45] Date of Patent: Sep. 10, 1996 54] SOLED LUBRICANT COATING FOR FLUID 4,285,640 8/1981 Mukai PUMP OR COMPRESSOR 4309998 ADM. Nabayana esl 4490102 12/986 Cam etal wonseanwnnne ABVITB 175] Inventors ¥. Darga N. Rao, Bloomfield 4551385 eae Lord Township: Carte, Fectar, fEI6365 abIsee Hate SA ca ETS ington Hills, bod “ 4.695.440 2/1987 Mura et al. “ 418/178, 662267 5/96? Kaka et a (73) Assignee: HAiS Motor Company, Dearborn, 4.717322 1/1988 Masuda ee ake... 41878 4827,119 5/1990 Most BAT Appl No. 319,909 Primary Examiner—Chaties G, Preay (2 Fle 7, 884 Face ison or Ft es Mote ts rac 20805 assraacr 2 aigpcoarne . ts 7%: 816 Say eeny pom, vn eae moa pes i ‘constituted of a light weight raiertal and a coating on at 428/416, 458, 411.1 ease one of the parts Io effect essentially zero clearance it between te parts wheze they merge togother The coating is ba Rete Cited of solid lubricants in a polymer resin matrix, U.S, PATENT DOCUMENTS stable up to 709" F. 097.522 7977 Iooshiwe ta 4.209.288 5/1980. Schwan. 9 Claims, 3 Drawing Sheets U.S. Patent Sep. 10, 1996 Sheet 1 of 3 5,554,020 WS f NL 20. CXS X= 19 FIG.L \ iN “4 USS. Patent Sep. 10, 1996 Sheet 2 of 3 5,554,020 U.S. Patent Sep. 10, 1996 Sheet 3 of 3 5,554,020 5,554,020 1 SOLID LUBRICANT COATING FOR FLUID PUMP OR COMPRESSOR. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Technical Field ‘This inveotion relates to modification of pump designs for twansferring liquids and to modification of compressor ‘designs for transfering geses (the écanaferred fluid being in shea‘), 19 increase efficiency and reliability of the Suid transfer, 2, Discussion of the Prior Art The state of the prior an for design of pumps and compressors have attained only limited efficiencies, Efi ciency is usually defined to mean the rato of the amount of ‘energy siored in the pumped fluid to the energy put into the pump. Indicators of high efficiencies not only arc less leakage, but higher output density and pressure. Gas fluid ‘pumps, such as aiomotive turbochargers, have an eiiclency Uypically of 50-60%, liquid pumps typically of 70-85% and some speciah automotive off pumps of up to 90%. The ‘miied elicieney ofthe prior an is indicative of leakage: an ‘deal pomp or compressor would sllow no leakage beiween the relatively moving parts therein which do the pumping. In ‘edition, ainity or adhesion of the fuid to the pamping, surfaces causes shear losses which result in heating of the fui. State of the art pumps or compressors incorporate. a ‘centain degree of intentional looseness between the cela tively moving pasts, such as a rotor and housing, @ accom: moda differential thermal expansion of the parts snd t0 feduce the losses due to shear since the shear losses increase asthe viscous film thickness decreases. Such expansion will @) cause rabeing or mechanical contact (i increase friction between such parts, and (ii) increase friction as 2 result of surface viscous friction that arises between the moving parts due to fiuid shear, if not alleviated by designed looseness. Such designed looseness thus limits efficiency. ‘There also exists im the prior art an inability to use lightee weight, lower strength metal materials (Le. aluminum) for the compressor designs which experience high unit uid loadings. Such loadings can distor. such lower strengch telals which thereby tend to exaggerate leakage or crease fiction resulting in additional poor efficiency. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION nis an object of ths invention o provide a fluid pomping ‘spoaratus thet has selatvely-moving intemal parts consti- uted of a fight weight material, such as alumioum or magnesium, t0 promote less mass panicularly for automo- tive vebicle applications, while 2 the sarae time enhancing, pumping efficiency with essentially zero fluid leakage. Ina frst aspect, the invention is 2 high efficiency fluid ‘pump for compressing gases or pumping liquids, the appa- ‘ates comprising (a) means for effecting pumping action by use of relatively movable parts which cyclically move together and move apart aia 2on8 0 wansfer uid, the parts being constituted ofa light weight material selected from the ‘group consisting of aluminum, magnesivm, titanium, cop- er, bronze, ceramics, such a8 silicon nitride, cordierire (magnesium zluminam silicate), (b) a coating on at least one. of the pars insufficient thickness 10 provice essentially 2270 ‘clearance when said parts have moved together at said zone, ‘the coating compzisiag solid lubricants in a polymer resin marx stable up to 700° F. In case of ceramic parts, a thicker 1s 2s ss 2 ‘costing is applied on a rough machined or as-moided surface ‘nd finished by a standard grinding operstion. This facile totes very rapid sizing at a substantial savings in process. cost, relative to uncoated ceramic pars, ‘The invention, in enother aspect, is a method of making a high efficiency fuid pumping apparatus for ges compres- sors or liquid transfer, compesing: (6) forming aluminum based relatively movable parts that entrain and effect a puraping action of a Aid, che pans having surfaces that fyclically merge together and move apart io transfer id by placing a sbear load on such surfaces; (b) machining seid surlaces 10 a finish of 100-150 microns per inch: (c) preparing said ough-mschined surfaces by etching or phos- hating to effect a dimpled texture; (€) depositing e thin eating on the prepared surface by spraying or rolling, the costing consisting of a mixture of solid lubricant particles and hect curable resin that attracts gas or liquid molecules ‘and 48 siable up to a temapereture of 700° F., the solid lubricant partictes having an average pasticle sie withio the range of 0.5 to 10 rmicrons, the costing being deposied in a thickness to create a slight interference at said zones; () slowly heating the deposited coating to © temperature of about 200° F. and holding sai temperature fora east fifteen minutes followed by additional 13 minutes at 375°-400" and (f)afterretorning the temperatute of the coating vo room emperature, operating said pump to abrade said coated surfaces 10 essentially a nero clearance between said rela- tively moving parts ‘An advantage of this invention is an enhancement of pomping efficiency by 5-11% and ar increase in pumped ‘volume (density and pressure). BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is 2 central sectional view of @ lobed compressor ‘employing the principles of this invention: FIG. 2 is @ perspective view of the housing for the apparatus of FIG. 1: FIG. 3 is a perspecsive view of the lobe rotors for the ‘apparamus of FIG, 1, the roiors being separated for conve- nicnce of ilustration; FIGS. 4 ard 4B are schematic central sectional views of ‘a vane oil pump embodying the principles af this invention, the views ilustrating different stages of the pumping action; and. FIGS, 5-7 are schematic sectional views of pumps ‘employing the principles of this invemtioa, FIG. 5 ilustrat- ing & schematic sectional view of an internal gear pump. FIG. 6 illustrating a schematic sectional view of an external ‘gear pump, and FIG. 7 illustrating a schomatie central sectional view of @ Bares gear punrp. DETAILED DESCRIPTION AND BEST MODE ‘This invention applies a low friction, wear resistant solid film lubrieast coating (whch costing is compatible with and ‘has ality for convemional liquid lubricants such as lub cating oil) to af least critical, if not all, the potential rubbing and wearing surfaces of internal cowponeats of the appara- tus, namely the rotor housing, the Tolor, gear and scroll surfaces in the case of generator type oil pump, vanes in the ‘case of vane type oil pumps, and swash plates and pistons in the case of swash plate type oil pumps. Those devices have \ypically been eonsiracted of east iron or steel with some recent designs using forged or precision die cest high strength aluminum alloy. Unfortunately, when these purnp 5,554,020 3 designs are vs0d for motor vehicle applications such as for pumping oil or transmission fuid, or air in the case of Superchargers, the pumping efficney limits the ability of such pumps to provide proper oil (or fiuid) flow rates Without enlarging the size of the pump beyond that tolerated by the weight and desigo specifications for automotive pumps, Ineveasing the pimp size is undesirable from the iewpoint not only of packaging within a very crowded vehicle eavelope bul the added weight, 2 a zesull of the increased pump size, patally negates the weight advantage of the device to reduce Tue] consumpiion and emissions for the vehicle. By replacing the cast iron or hardened stee]_ components with forged high strength 390 aluminum alloy Components, a weight reduction in the oil pump mass 1s achieved. But in the past such substitution of aluminum bas not been deemed successful because of high wear rates and Tack of durability and interference from thermal expansion. FIG. | illustrates for atypical ges compressor 10 used for engine super-charging. A low fiction. Woar resistant solid Sen lubrieam coating 11, which is compatible with and has affinity for conventional liquid engine lubricants (or can promote gas squeeze film lubrication with close gap con- tro), i applied to a leat surfaces 12 that cyclically merge together and move apart at a zone 13 to tranafer fluid that places a shear load on such surfaces; sach coating is thus Applied to at leas: enitical f not all be potential rubbing and wearing surfaces of the supercharger compressor compo neni, namely the rotor housing 14 and rotor 15.16 as selatively-moving pats, Such relaively-moving pars 14,15, 16 are constructed here of precision die cast bigh strength aluminum alloy. ‘The coating 1h is deposited in acontolled thickness 17 of approximately 0:5 ram, to promote an intially interforing ft ‘which abrades toa substantially ze clearance upon start up ‘of the pump. In pumps that involve fluid shear and com- pression, its advantageous lo use coating that is actually fia phobie (ie. tungsten disulphide or PTFE (elon) or in a thermoset polymer). With a fluid phobic coating, zero

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