That Clauses

A clause that begins with the word that can also serve as the subject of the
sentence.
This sentence structure is the reverse of a structure that uses a that clause as a
complement. Remember that a clause contains both a subject and a verb. If you
are unsure whether a sentence contains a that clause (as opposed to a phrase,
which does not contain a subject and verb), omit the word that and see if the rest
of the clause can be a sentence on its own.
It was a miracle that anybody survived the accident.
verb complement
That anybody survived the accident was a miracle.
subject verb
It is well known that the meat manufactured in those factories is unsanitary.
verb complement
That the meat manufactured in those factories is unsanitary is well known.
subject verb
In the last example, don’t get confused by the fact that the noun factories is plural,
because factories by itself is not the subject of the sentence. The verb must be singular
because the subject is the entire that clause.
It surprised the doctor that the patient’s condition had worsened so quickly.
complement
That the patient’s condition had worsened so quickly surprised the doctor.
subject 73
Structure
Question Words
A question word can serve as the subject of a sentence. Examples of these
words include: How, how long, how many, how much, how often, how soon,
what, when, where, whether, and why.
Just like infinitives, gerunds, and that clauses, question words can appear in the
subject or object position of a sentence. When question words appear as part of a
clause in the complement position, we say that the sentence contains an embedded
question. An embedded question is one that is included within a sentence or another
question. The word order is different from typical questions, except for subject
questions. A subject question is a question in which the unknown item is the
subject of the sentence:
She is not certain who is in the room. (The question portion of the sentence is
in the same order as it would be for a question.)
The word order for most embedded questions is: Subject verb question
word subject verb complement.
The police are not certain where the suspect is hiding.
The teacher learned whom the woman had called.
An auxiliary (a form of be, have, do) cannot appear between the question word
and the subject. If the auxiliary would be a form of do in the question, there isn’t
an auxiliary in the embedded question.
Question: When will the meeting take place?
Embedded question:We haven’t determined when the meeting will take
place.
Question: Why did the professor cancel the class?
Embedded question:We don’t know why the professor cancelled the class.
When the clause beginning with the question word appears at the beginning of the
sentence, it becomes the subject of the sentence. Remember that the verb is singular
because the entire clause is the subject. Don’t be confused if a noun appearing
immediately before the verb happens to be plural.
A typical construction for a sentence beginning with a question word is as follows:
Question word noun phrase verb (complement) verb subject.
When the play will begin is uncertain.
How many fans attended the game is still unknown.
74
 ‫إيصال دفع‬

‫‪ :‬سالم عليكم‬

‫‪ .‬نــعلـمـكـم بـأن الـطـالـب\ة‪ ____________________:‬انتهى اشتراك في تقوية اللغة االنجليزية‬

‫وكان تاريخ بداية االشتراك الموافق ________________ بمبلغ وقدره ______________ شهريًا‬

‫نرجو منكم دفع المبلغ المستحق‬

 Question
Chose( true) or (false)
He`s a bit lazy means that is lazy .
T
F
The opposite of (ugly) is (fun)
T
F
The opposite of (young) is (safe)
T
F

‫أسئلة االختيار المتعدد‬

I am _ _ _ _ _ _ than my brother
a) Ugly
b) Huge
c) Quiet
d) More quiet
He `s short means _ _ _ _ _
a) He`s tall
b) He doesn`t very tall
c) He`s very tall
d) He`s a bit short