GROUP 7:

SANIYA MOHAMMED– 31
SHABANA– 32
SHILPA – 33
SIDDHARTH BAIJU – 34
S KAVERI - 35
 Failure mechanism of a masonry
building
• out-of-plane failure
• In-plane failure
• Connection failure
• Diaphragm failure
• Pounding
• Failure due to opening in the walls
• Non-structural component failure
 Out of plane failure
• Inadequate anchorage of wall into the roof
• diaphragm.
• Limited tensile strength of masonry.
 In plane failure
• In plane failures of walls in un-reinforced masonry structure are due
to excessive bending or shear.
• Commonly it leads to form double diagonal shear cracking
• The Earthquake force is parallel to the plane
• The wall is shear off or bend
• X- cracks occurs
• Characterized by vertical cracks at wall intersection. separation of
corners of two walls, spalling of materials, etc
 Connection failure
• For given direction of earthquake, wall A acts as a shear
wall and B acts as flexure wall.
• If the walls are not tied together wall B overturn (out of
plane) and wall A slides (in plane) and collapse occurs.
• Masonry units should be tied properly.
 Diaphragm failure
• Lack of anchornng produce a push of diaphragm against the
wall.
• Absence of good shear transfer between diaphragms and
reaction wall accounts for damage at corner of wall.
• Rare phenomenon in the event of seismic motion.
• Separation of wall and diaphragm cause collapse of buildings.
 Pounding
When adjacent roof levels of the two buildings and
vertical brick walls faces flush with one another ,the
pounding action causes structural distress due to out-
of-plane vibrations.
 PRINCIPLE OF SEISMIC SAFETY OF MASONRY
BUILDINGS
• INTEGRAL BOX ACTION
• INTEGRITY OF VARIOUS COMPONENTS
– ROOF TO WALL
– WALL TO WALL AT CORNERS
– WALL TO FOUNDATION
• LIMIT ON OPENINGS

PROVISIONS REQUIRED IN MASONRY BUILDINGS

• PLINTH BAND
• LINTEL BAND
• ROOFSLAB/ ROOF BAND
• CORNER REINFORCEMENT
• BRICK WORK IN CEMENT MORTAR OF 1:6
• RESTRICTED OPENINGS
• ADEQUATE FOUNDATION
 REPAIRING (IMPROVING EXISTING MASONRY
STRENGTH)
• STITCHING OF CRACKS • NAILING WITH WIREMESH
 HORIZONTEL SEISMIC BELTS
• ON ALL WALLS
• ON BOTH THE FACES
• JUST ABOVE THE LINTEL
• BELOW ROOF
• BELOW FLOOR
• NOT REQUIRED AT PLINTH LEVEL UNLESS
PLINTH HEIGHT IS MORE THAN 900 MM
SEISMIC BELTS AROUND DOOR/WINDOW
OPENINGS
STRENGTHENING BY
CROSS WALLS

STRENGTHENING
BY BUTTRESS
 VERTICAL SEISMIC BELTS AT CORNERS
• AT THE CORNER OF THE ROOMS
• JUNCTIONS OF THE WALLS
• WISTH OF EACH SIDE OF THE CORNER TO BE KEPT 25
MM EXTRA TO THE WIDTH OF THE MESH
• REINFORCEMENT TO BE STARTED BELOW 300MM
BELOW PLINTH LEVEL
 STRENGTHENING OF WALLS

EXTERNAL REINFORCEMENT
• Ferro-cement with wire mesh
• Reinforcement mat with shotcrete
• Use of steel plates
• Use of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP)
• Internal reinforcement
Anchoring walls
• Reinforcing the openings