BRITISH STANDARD BS 7334-5:

1992
ISO 8322-5:
1991

Measuring instruments
for building
construction —
Part 5: Methods for determining
accuracy in use of optical plumbing
instruments
BS 7334-5:1992

Committees responsible for this

British Standard

The preparation of this British Standard was entrusted by the Basic Data and
Performance Criteria for Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards
Policy Committee (BDB/-) to Technical Committee BDB/4, upon which the
following bodies were represented:

Association of County Councils

Brick Development Association
British Standards Society
Building Employers’ Confederation
Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers
Concrete Society
Department of Education and Science
Department of the Environment (Building Research Establishment)
Incorporated Association of Architects and Surveyors
Institute of Clerks of Works of Great Britain Inc.
Institution of Civil Engineers
Institution of Structural Engineers
Institution of Water and Environmental Management
Royal Institute of British Architects
Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors
Society of Chief Architects of Local Authorities

The following body was also represented in the drafting of the standard,
through subcommittees and panels:

Chartered Institute of Building

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Basic Data
and Performance Criteria for
Civil Engineering and
Building Structures
Standards Policy Committee,
was published under the
authority of the Standards
Board and comes
into effect on
31 March 1992
Amendments issued since publication

© BSI 08-1999 Amd. No. Date Comments

The following BSI references

relate to the work on this
standard:
Committee reference BDB/4
Draft for comment 88/10403 DC

ISBN 0 580 20619 X

 BS 7334-5:1992

Contents

Page
Committees responsible Inside front cover
National foreword ii
1 Scope 1
2 Normative references 1
3 General 1
4 Procedures for optical plumbing instruments
(optical plummets) 3
Figure 1 — Flow diagram for accuracy-in-use tests 2
Table 1-A — Optical plumbing instrument —
Method 1: Example of field observations and calculation 7
Table 1-B — Optical plumbing instrument —
Method 1: Field observations and calculation 8
Table 2-A — Optical plumbing instrument —
Method 2: Example of field observations and calculation 9
Table 2-B — Optical plumbing instrument —
Method 2: Field observations and calculation 10
Publication(s) referred to Inside back cover

© BSI 08-1999 i
BS 7334-5:1992

National foreword

This Part of BS 7334 has been prepared under the direction of the Basic Data and
Performance Criteria for Civil Engineering and Building Structures Standards
Policy Committee. It is identical with ISO 8322-5:1991 “Building construction —
Measuring instruments — Procedures for determining accuracy in use —
Part 5: Optical plumbing instruments” published by the International
Organization for Standardization (ISO), and gives the testing procedures to be
adopted for optical plumbing instruments.
The series of Parts comprising BS 7334 will assist in ascertaining whether
particular measuring equipment is appropriate to intended measuring tasks;
they are also intended for assessing the accuracy in use of measuring instruments
in general use on construction sites. The Parts are referred to in BS 5606:1990
“Guide to accuracy in building”.
ISO 8322 consists of the following parts, under the general title “Building
construction — Measuring instruments — Procedures for determining accuracy
in use:
— Part 1: Theory;
— Part 2: Measuring tapes;
— Part 3: Optical levelling instruments;
— Part 4: Theodolites;
— Part 5: Optical plumbing instruments;
— Part 6: Laser instruments;
— Part 7: Instruments when used for setting out;
— Part 8: Electronic distance-measuring instruments up to 150 m;
— Part 9: Electronic distance-measuring instruments up to 500 m;
— Part 10: Testing short-range reflectors.
Cross-references
International Standard Corresponding British Standard
ISO 3534:1977 a BS 5532 Statistical terminology
Part 1:1978 Glossary of terms relating to probability and
general terms relating to statistics
(Identical)
ISO 4463-1:1989 BS 5964 Building setting out and measurement
Part 1:1990 Methods of measuring, planning and
organization and acceptance criteria
(Identical)
ISO 7078:1985 BS 6953:1988 Glossary of terms for procedures for setting
out, measurement and surveying in building construction
(including guidance notes)
(Identical)
a
ISO 3534 is also related to BS 4778 “Quality vocabulary” Part 2:1979 “National terms”.
The Technical Committee has reviewed the provisions of ISO 7077, to which
reference is made in the text, and has decided that they are acceptable for use in
conjunction with this standard.

ii © BSI 08-1999
 BS 7334-5:1992

A British Standard does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users of British Standards are responsible for their correct application.

Compliance with a British Standard does not of itself confer immunity

from legal obligations.

Summary of pages
This document comprises a front cover, an inside front cover, pages i to iv,
pages 1 to 10, an inside back cover and a back cover.
This standard has been updated (see copyright date) and may have had
amendments incorporated. This will be indicated in the amendment table on the
inside front cover.

© BSI 08-1999 iii

iv blank

1 Scope
This part of ISO 8322 specifies test procedures to be
adopted when determining and assessing the
accuracy in use of optical plumbing instruments
(optical plummets) for measurement purposes.
The procedures given in this part of ISO 8322 apply
when these instruments are used in building
construction for surveying, check and compliance
measurements, and also when obtaining accuracy
data.
2 Normative references
The following standards contain provisions which,
through reference in this text, constitute provisions
of this part of ISO 8322. At the time of publication,
the editions indicated were valid. All standards are
subject to revision, and parties to agreements based
on this part of ISO 8322 are encouraged to
investigate the possibility of applying the most
recent editions of the standards indicated below.
Members of IEC and ISO maintain registers of
currently valid International Standards.
ISO 3534:1977, Statistics — Vocabulary and
symbols.
ISO 4463-1:1989, Measurement methods for
building — Setting-out and measurement —
Part 1: Planning and organization, measuring
procedures, acceptance criteria.
ISO 7077:1981, Measuring methods for building —
General principles and procedures for the
verification of dimensional compliance.
ISO 7078:1985, Building construction — Procedures
for setting out, measurement and surveying —
Vocabulary and guidance notes.
3 General
3.1 Before commencing surveying, check and
compliance measurements, when obtaining
accuracy data or setting out, it is important that the
operator investigate whether the accuracy in use of
the measuring equipment is appropriate to the
intended measuring task. This International
Standard recommends that the operator carry out
test measurements under field conditions to
establish the accuracy achieved when he uses a
particular measuring instrument and its ancillary
equipment.
© BSI 08-1999
BS 7334-5:1992
To ensure that the assessment takes account of
various environmental influences, two series of
measurements need to be carried out under
different conditions. The particular conditions to be
taken into account may vary depending on where
the tasks are to be undertaken. These conditions
will include variations in air temperature, wind
speed, cloud cover and visibility. Note should also be
made of the actual weather conditions at the time of
measurement and the type of surface over which the
measurements are made. The sets of conditions
chosen for the tests should match those expected
when the intended measuring task is actually
carried out. See ISO 7077 and ISO 7078.
The procedures are designed so that the systematic
errors are largely eliminated and assume that the
particular instruments are in known and acceptable
states of user adjustment according to methods
detailed in the manufacturers’ handbooks.
Accuracy-in-use procedures require repeat tests to
be made with the same instrumentation and the
same observer, within a short interval of time.
These are “repeatability conditions” as defined in
ISO 3534.
The accuracy in use is expressed in terms of the
standard deviation.
3.2 Figure 1 indicates schematically the decisions to
be made when establishing that the accuracy
associated with a given surveying method and
particular measuring equipment is appropriate to
the intended measuring task. In particular, the
decisions apply when adopted by a particular
operator under a range of environmental conditions
which are likely to occur when the task is actually
carried out. Where the contract documentation
specifies the required tolerance for the intended
measuring task, it is recommended that this
tolerance, which is normally given in terms of the
permitted deviation P (P = 2,5 B) of the measuring
task, be compared with the accuracy-in-use data
obtained either from previous accuracy-in-use tests
or from general data A which indicate the expected
accuracy in use of given measuring equipment. On
those occasions that the previously obtained data
indicate that the accuracy in use associated with the
given measuring equipment does not meet the
specified permitted deviation of the measuring task,
consideration should be given to either selecting a
different method and/or a more precise instrument
or discussing with the designer the need for such a
small permitted deviation. See ISO 4463-1.
1
BS 7334-5:1992

Assumptions: P is the permitted deviation of the measuring task

A is the accuracy in use, generally expressed as deviation ± A (both ± P and ± A are
considered to include the dimensional variability associated with ± 2.5 times the
standard deviation B)
s are the standard deviations obtained in field tests

Figure 1 — Flow diagram for accuracy-in-use tests

2 © BSI 08-1999

Before obtaining an overall estimate of the accuracy
in use, it is recommended that each standard
deviation for a given series of measurements
undertaken under particular environmental
conditions be compared, as indicated in Figure 1, to
the specified permitted deviation. Where the
comparison shows that the specified permitted
deviation has not been achieved for one series of
measurements, an additional series of
measurements should be carried out under
environmental conditions as near as possible
similar to those which applied in that original series
of measurements.
4 Procedures for optical plumbing
instruments (optical plummets)
4.1 General
The accuracy of any type of plumbing instrument is
dependent on the vertical distance over which the
plumbing operation is carried out. Thus the
achievable accuracy in use is commonly expressed
as a relative lateral deviation defined as the ratio of
the accuracy achieved against the difference in
height.
4.2 Types of optical plumbing instruments
These are three types of optical plumbing
instruments.
a) Instruments with a spirit-level. A cross
levelling is recommended before each observation
so that the line of sight is coincident with the
plumb line.
b) Instruments with one compensator. The
compensator ensures that the line of sight is in a
vertical plane such that the plumb line is the
intersection of two vertical planes perpendicular
to each other.
c) Instruments with two compensators. The
compensators work in two planes perpendicular
to each other such that the plumb line is
coincident with the line of sight.
Each of the three types of instruments can have
either a simple telescope sight or one incorporating
a laser.
Optical plumbing instruments (optical plummets)
are able to sight either upwards or downwards or
both. The procedure is the same in all cases.
4.3 Test methods for accuracy
4.3.1 General
The following test procedure shall be adopted for
determining the accuracy in use, by a particular
survey team with a particular instrument and its
ancillary equipment.
© BSI 08-1999
BS 7334-5:1992
Two alternative methods are proposed. The first is
simpler to carry out (method 1); the second is more
sophisticated, needs better ancillary equipment and
more calculation (method 2). The ancillary
equipment for method 1 is the cheaper, but
method 2 gives an improved estimation of the
accuracy in use.
To minimize the effects of systematic errors, it is
recommended that each measurement with an
optical plumbing instrument consist of two
observations carried out by observing with the
telescope in diametrically opposed positions.
4.3.2 Method 1
The measurement results should be given in a table
(see Table 1-B). An example of a completed table is
given in Table 1-A.
4.3.2.1 Observations
a) Design a target in such a way that marks can
be made on the horizontal surface and their
location read with reference to a transparent
rectangular x, y grid overlay graduated in
millimetres. The horizontal surface shall be
formed of a material which will accept pencil and
can be easily wiped clean. This will ensure that
successive pencil marks are not biased in any way
by previous marks. Fix the transparent overlay
so that it always returns to the same position.
Establish such a target at a height comparable
with that of the intended task and locate it
approximately vertically above/below the mark
over/under which the instrument is centred.
The orientation of the cross-hairs of the telescope
shall be parallel to the axes of the target during
every observation.
b) Table 1-A is an example using an optical
plumbing instrument with one compensator.
Each measurement for x (or y) shall consist of
two observations carried out by observing with
the telescope in diametrically opposed positions.
(See columns 3 and 5.)
If an instrument with a spirit-level or with two
compensators is used, each position of the
telescope provides values of x and y
simultaneously. Thus two opposing positions of
the telescope suffice.
c) Record the environmental conditions. Changes
in environmental conditions during the
construction period may render the test result
inapplicable. In such a case repeat the test under
the new conditions.
3
BS 7334-5:1992

4.3.2.2 Calculation procedure f) Repeat the calculation procedure using the

A complete example of the analysis is given in second day’s observations to produce s x2 and s y ,
2
Table 1-A, columns 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10, for an optical the standard deviations for the second day.
plumbing instrument with one compensator using EXAMPLE
the measurements given in columns 3 and 5 and it s x = 0,40 mm
is recommended that this form of presentation be 2

generally adopted. s y = 0,70 mm

2
a) Calculate in column 4 the mean
g) The estimated overall standard deviations in
x = (x½1 + x½2)/2
the x and y directions for any single measurement
and in column 6 the mean of the plumbing line are:
y = (y½1 + y½2)/2
EXAMPLE
Set 1: x = 20,00 mm y = 15,25 mm
b) Calculate the means x and y from x1, x2...x10
and y1, y2... y10.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
x = 19,20 mm y = 15,02 mm
sx = 0,5 mm sy = 0,6 mm
c) Calculate the deviations vx = (x – x ) and
vy = (y – y ) in columns 7 and 9 from the h) Calculate the radial estimated overall
arithmetic means. standard deviation of a plumbing measurement
according to:
To minimize the effect of rounding errors, the
calculation of each deviation v should be carried
out to the nearest 0,01 mm. As an arithmetic
check, the sum of the 10 deviations in the x and y
EXAMPLE
directions should be approximately zero.
s ë 0,8 mm
EXAMPLE
i) Calculate the relative deviation.
Set 1: v x = 0,80 mm v y = 0,23 mm
1 1 EXAMPLE
d) Calculate the squares of the deviations v2x For h = 20,9 m: s ë 1:26 000
and v2y in columns 8 and 10. 4.3.3 Method 2
EXAMPLE The measurement results should be given in a table
Set 1: v x2 = 0,64 mm2 2 = 0,05 mm2 (see Table 2-B). An example of a completed table is
vy
1 1 given in Table 2-A.
e) Calculate the standard deviations for the first 4.3.3.1 Observations
day as the square roots of the sums of squares
a) Establish as target a target scale, graduated
divided by 9 ( = number of redundant
plate or checker-board. The spacing of the
observations).
graduation marks, t, on the target should be such
EXAMPLE that the field width appears in the telescope as an
angle not greater than 10½.
The value of t is obtained in millimetres:

where
hm is the plumbing height, in metres;
¿ is the telescope magnifying power.
Express t to the nearest centimetre.

4 © BSI 08-1999
 BS 7334-5:1992

Fix the target at a height comparable with that b) Add to the value in column 4 the value bx of the
of the intended task and locate it approximately support in column 7, and to the value in column 6
vertically above/below the mark over/under the value by of the support in column 8
which the instrument is centred. (columns 9 and 10).
In order to obtain measurements independent of EXAMPLE
each other, the target shall be mounted on a Set 1:369,15 mm and 725,84 mm
support and be moved by random amounts
c) Calculate the means x and y of columns 9
between the successive measurements. The
and 10.
amount of the possible support displacement
shall be at least as large as the scale unit of the EXAMPLE
target. The support position is read at a x = 369,95 mm y = 725,26 mm
micrometer-gauge screw, a micrometer watch or
an equivalent apparatus with a precision such d) Calculate the deviations vx = [(x + bx) – x ];
that the value of the support position can be vy = [(y + by) – y ] in columns 11 and 13.
included in the calculation as correct. To minimize the effect of rounding errors, the
The orientation of the cross-hairs of the telescope calculation of each deviation v should be carried
shall be parallel to the axes of the target. out to the nearest 0,01 mm. As an arithmetic
check the sum of each of the 10 deviations in x
b) Each of the two series of measurements on
and y should be approximately zero.
separate days shall consist of 10 separate sets of
measurements. Each measurement shall consist EXAMPLE
of four observations, carried out by observing Set 1: vx = – 0.80 mm vy = – 0,58 mm
with the telescope in the 2
positions 0°(0 gon), 90° (100 gon), e) Calculate the squares of the deviations v x
180° (200 gon) and 270° (300 gon) and v2y (columns 12, 14).
(see Table 2-B). EXAMPLE
Table 2-B is an example for an optical plumbing Set 1: v x2 = 0,64 mm2 2
v y = 0,34 mm
2
instrument with a spirit-level. The readings 1 1

shall be made in the four positions. Using an f) Calculate the standard deviations for the first
instrument with one compensator requires the day as the square roots of the sums of squares
sequence given in 4.3.2.1 b). divided by 9 (= number of redundant
c) Record the environmental conditions. Changes observations).
in environmental conditions during the EXAMPLE
construction period may render the test result
inapplicable. In such a case repeat the test under
the new conditions.
4.3.3.2 Calculation procedure
A complete example of the analysis is given in
Table 2-A, columns 4, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, for
an optical plumbing instrument with a spirit-level g) Repeat the calculation procedure using the
and a checker-board using the measurements given second day’s observations to produce s x2 and s y2 ,
in columns 3, 5, 7 and 8. It is recommended that the standard deviations for the second day.
this form of presentation be generally adopted. EXAMPLE
a) Calculate in column 4 the value sx = 0,72 mm sy = 0,95 mm
2 2
x = (x½1 + x½2 + x½3 + x½4)/4
and in column 6 the value
y = (y½1 + y½2 + y½3 + y½4)/4 of each test
EXAMPLE
Set 1: x = 367,0 mm y = 720,5 mm

© BSI 08-1999 5
BS 7334-5:1992

h) The estimated overall standard deviations in i) Calculate the radial estimated overall standard
the x and y directions for any single measurement deviation of a plumbing measurement according
of the plumbing line are to:

EXAMPLE
s = 1,18 mm
j) Calculate the relative deviation.
EXAMPLE
EXAMPLE
For h = 27,5 m: s ë 1:23 000
sx = 0,76 mm sy = 0,90 mm

6 © BSI 08-1999
 BS 7334-5:1992

Table 1-A — Optical plumbing instrument — Method 1: Example of field observations

and calculation
Date: Conditions: indoors
Location Remarks: vertical height 20.9 m
Observer:
Instrument: optical plummet with one compensator
Series: I
x½ x y½ y vx v2x vy v2y Remarks
Degrees Set
mm mm mm mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0 18,0
90 14,5
1
180 22,0 20,00 15,25 + 0,80 0,64
270 16,0 + 0,23 0,05
0 20,0
90 18,0
2
180 20,0 20,00 + 0,80 0,64
270 13,5 15,75 + 0,73 0,53
0 17,0
90 14,5
3
180 20,0 18,50 – 0,70 0,49
270 14,5 14,50 – 0,52 0,27
0 20,0
90 16,0
4
180 19,0 19,50 + 0,30 0,09
270 13,0 14,50 – 0,52 0,27
0 17,0
90 14,5
5
180 20,0 18,50 – 0,70 0,49
270 16,0 15,25 + 0,23 0,05
0 18,5
90 16,5
6 19,0
180 18,75 + 0,45 0,20
270 14,0 15,25 + 0,23 0,05
0 16,5
90 7 15,0
180 20,5 18,50 – 0,70 0,49
270 15,5 15,25 + 0,23 0,05
0 20,0
90 8 16,0
180 20,0 20,00 + 0,80 0,64
270 13,0 14,50 – 0,52 0,27
0 17,5
90 9 15,0
180 20,5 19,00 – 0,20 0,04
270 15,0 15,00 – 0,02 0,00
0 19,5
90 10 16,5
180 19,0 19,25 + 0,05 0,00
270 13,5 15,00 – 0,02 0,00
x = 19,20 y = 15,02 C=0 C = 3,72 C = 0,05 C = 1,54

© BSI 08-1999 7
BS 7334-5:1992

Table 1-B — Optical plumbing instrument — Method 1: Field observations

and calculation
Date: Conditions:
Location Remarks:
Observer:
Instrument:
Series: I
x½ x y½ y vx v2x vy v2y Remarks
Degrees Set
mm mm mm mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
0
90
1
180
270
0
90
2
180
270
0
90
3
180
270
0
90
4
180
270
0
90
5
180
270
0
90
6
180
270
0
90 7
180
270
0
90 8
180
270
0
90 9
180
270
0
90 10
180
270

C= C= C= C=

8 © BSI 08-1999
 BS 7334-5:1992

Table 2-A — Optical plumbing instrument — Method 2: Example of field

observations and calculation
Date: Conditions: indoors
Location Remarks: vertical height 27.5 mm, checker-board plate, field widtht = 1 cm
Observer:
Instrument: optical plumbing instrument with
spirit-level, telescope magnification × 10
Series: I
Support
x½ x y½ y bx by x + bx y + by vx v2x vy v2y
Degrees Set
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0 367 721
90 368 367,0 722 720,5 2,15 5,34 369,15 725,84 – 0,80 0,64 + 0,58 0,34
1
180 367 720
270 366 719
0 361 714
90 362 361,5 715 715,5 7,43 9,04 368,93 724,54 – 1,02 1,04 – 0,72 0,52
2
180 362 716
270 361 717
0 360 724
90 359 360,5 723 723,5 9,81 1,39 370,31 724,89 + 0,36 0,13 – 0,37 0,14
3
180 361 724
270 362 723
0 363 720
90 365 363,5 720 720,5 6,71 5,58 370,21 726,08 + 0,26 0,07 + 0,82 0,67
4
180 364 721
270 362 721
0 368 719
90 367 368,0 717 718,5 3,09 6,61 371,09 725,11 + 1,14 1,30 – 0,15 0,02
5
180 368 720
270 369 718
0 367 716
90 368 367,0 717 717,0 2,07 9,21 369,07 726,21 – 0,88 0,77 + 0,95 0,90
6
180 366 718
270 367 717
0 370 720
90 369 369,5 722 721,5 1,24 2,53 370,74 724,03 + 0,79 0,62 – 1,23 1,51
7
180 370 721
270 369 723
0 368 718
90 367 367,0 719 718,5 3,81 5,95 370,81 724,45 + 0,86 0,74 – 0,81 0,66
8
180 367 718
270 366 719
0 365 723
90 364 365,0 722 721,5 4,31 5,02 369,31 726,52 – 0,64 0,41 + 1,26 1,59
9
180 366 720
270 365 720
0 362 724
90 361 361,5 725 724,0 8,34 0,89 369,84 724,89 – 0,11 0,01 – 0,37 0,14
10
180 362 723
270 361 724
x = 369,95 y = 725,26 C = + 0,04 C = 5,68 C = + 0,04 C = 6,49

© BSI 08-1999 9
BS 7334-5:1992

Table 2-B — Optical plumbing instrument — Method 2: Field

observations and calculation
Date: Conditions:
Location Remarks:
Observer:
Instrument:
Series: I
Support
x½ x y½ y bx by x + bx y + by vx v 2x vy v2y
Degrees Set
mm mm mm mm mm mm mm mm
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
0
90
1
180
270
0
90
2
180
270
0
90
3
180
270
0
90
4
180
270
0
90
5
180
270
0
90
6
180
270
0
90
7
180
270
0
90
8
180
270
0
90
9
180
270
0
90
10
180
270

C= C= C= C=

10 © BSI 08-1999
 BS 7334-5:1992

Publication(s) referred to

See national foreword.

© BSI 08-1999
BS 7334-5:
1992
ISO 8322-5: BSI — British Standards Institution
1991
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British Standards. It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the
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