Contents

1. Project Proposal Proforma ----------------------------------------------------------- 2

2. Letter / Certificate of Approval ----------------------------------------------------- 3

3. Introduction to the study ------------------------------------------------------------ 4

3.1 Purpose of Jantar Mantar ------------------------------------------- 4

4. Objective of the study ---------------------------------------------------------------- 5

5. Research Methodology --------------------------------------------------------------- 6

5.1 Data Sources ----------------------------------------------------------- 6

5.2 Research Approach --------------------------------------------------- 7

5.3 Questionnaire --------------------------------------------------------- 8

6 Expected contribution from the study ------------------------------------------------ 9

7 Conclusion ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9

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 PROJECT PROPOSAL PROFORMA

Candidate’s Information Date 27.04.2020

Name Jose Prakash M

Programme Code BTS

Course Code PTS 4

Enrolment No. 1 8 7 1 5 9 2 8 0

Address Pulloottichira, Roadarikathu Veedu

Panniyodu P.O
Thiruvananthapuram
PIN - 695575
Phone - 9744000149

Study Centre Name: Mar Ivanios Institute of Advanced Studies

Study Centre Code 1 4 4 1

Regional Centre : 40

Title of the Project : Jantar Mantar, Jaipur -

An Architectural Marvel of Late Medieval India

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 LETTER / CERTIFICATE OF APPROVAL
(by the supervisor)

I hereby certify that the proposal for the Project entitled Jantar Mantar, Jaipur
- An Architectural Marvel of Late Medieval India by Jose Prakash M .
has been prepared after due consultation with me. The proposal has my approval
and has, to my knowledge, the potential of developing into a comprehensive
Project Work. I also agree to supervise the above mentioned Project till its
completion.

Signature of the Supervisor

Name :

Designation :

Address :

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 3. INTRODUCTION
The Jantar Mantar, Jaipur is a collection of architectural astronomical instruments
built by the Rajput king Sawai Jai Singh II, who was the founder
of Jaipur, Rajasthan. It is located in the heart of Pink city near the Jaipur City
Palace and Hawa Mahal. The Jantar Mantar consists of nineteen different
architectural astronomical instruments and it was completed in 1734. It was
designated as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010. The instruments allow
observation of astronomical positions with the naked eye.

The name “Jantar Mantar” is derived from two Sanskrit words. Jantar from Yantra
meaning “instrument or machine” and Mantar from Mantrana meaning “calculate”.
Therefore, Jantar Mantar means 'calculating instrument.

The monument features instruments operating in each of the three main

classical celestial coordinate systems: the horizon-zenith local system, the
equatorial coordinate system, and the ecliptic coordinate system.

3.1. Purpose of Jantar Mantar

Modern sophisticated astronomical instruments were not available during the
early times. Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur was also an astronomer and had a deep
interest in science and astronomy. In order to ease the astronomical calculations,
Maharaja Jai Singh II constructed five Jantar Mantars in total in between 1724 and
1737 for executing various astronomical calculations. The essential purpose of the
Jantar Mantar was to accumulate astronomical tables which in turn would help to
predict the time, measure the altitude, and to determine the movement of the
celestial bodies such as the sun, moon and other planets. By using the instruments,
they could also determine the eclipses, speed and properties of stars and planets.

This is one of the most complete and impressive collections in the world of pre-
telescopic masonry instruments in functioning condition.

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The following are the five Jantar Mantars built by Maharaja Jai Singh II;

Sl No. Place No. of Instruments Year of construction

1 Jaipur 19 1734

2 Delhi 13 1724

4 Ujjain 13 1725

5 Varanasi 6 1737

3 Mathura Destroyed before 1857

4. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The instruments of the Jantar Mantar observatories at Delhi, Jaipur, Varanasi, and
Ujjain have tremendous potential for a user-friendly teaching of positional
astronomy to interested students. The observatories also function as a very
aesthetic architectural presence that could allow the daily visitors to easily
understand and appreciate some basic astronomical observations. Out of four
extant Jantar Mantars in India, the largest is in Jaipur which features many
instruments along with the world's largest stone sundial, the Brihat Samrat
Yantra. It is a sundial (sun clock) that can give the local time to an accuracy of 2
seconds.

As the Jantar Mantar at Jaipur is the largest among the four existing Jantar Mantars
with 19 main astronomical instruments and considering the accessibility to visit
and study in detail, I chosen it for my research study. During the course of study,
the following points will be considered.

 To study about the scientific and cultural concepts that led to the
construction of the Jantar Mantar.
 To study about the architectural instruments in Jantar Mantar and their
functions
 To study about the materials used for construction of instruments.

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  To study about the Architectural facts of instruments such as length
breadth and height.
 To study about the Present Management of the property
 To study about the Conservation and repair works
 To study the potential of Jantar Mantar as a tourist attraction.
 To find out the tourist’s satisfaction level on various amenities provided
by the management.
 To find out the possible threats to Jantar Mantar due to various reasons.

5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
5.1. Data Sources
I am working in the Tourism Department of Indian Railway Catering and Tourism
Corporation Ltd. (IRCTC Ltd.). IRCTC is a “Mini Ratna (Category-I)” Central Public
Sector Enterprise under Ministry of Railways, Government of India. IRCTC was
incorporated as an extended arm of the Indian Railways to upgrade,
professionalize and manage the catering and hospitality services at stations, on
trains and other locations and to promote domestic and international tourism
through development of budget hotels, special tour packages, information &
commercial publicity and global reservation systems. Over the last twenty years,
IRCTC has been a catalyst in the overall promotion and development of rail
tourism across the country. Apart from various rail tour packages like Bharat
Darshan Tourist trains, Buddhist Circuit train, Majestic Tourist train, Maharajas’
Express etc., IRCTC is also operating domestic as well international Air tours.

As part of IRCTC tour packages, an IRCTC staff would be deputed along with the
tour group as Tour Escort to monitor / coordinate the tour operation. As a Tour
Escort, I would regularly get opportunities to visit major tourism and historically
important places in India. One of my frequent circuit is “Golden Triangle Flight
Package Ex. Kochi” covering the beautiful tourist attractions of Delhi, Agra and
Jaipur.

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The Jantar Mantar at Jaipur is one of the sightseeing places in our tour itinerary. It
enables me to visit Jantar Mantar to collect data whenever I visit Jaipur as part of
my duty. Moreover, our group is staying in Jaipur for two nights, the second day
afternoon is free time for tourist’s personal activities. I can utilize this time for my
additional data collection by discussing with authorized tour guides and Jantar
Mantar officials.

5.2. Research Approach

As I have already visited Jantar Mantar Jaipur numerous times, its history, a
general knowhow of instruments and tourism potential is already known.
However, in order to prepare a complete report in all respect, the following
research methodologies would be adopted.

 It has been planned to gain the primary data after discussing with the Jantar
Mantar officials.
 Secondary data will be formulated after discussing with authorized tour
guides, approved by Department of Tourism, Govt. of Rajasthan.
 It has also intended to use the data obtained from tourists, who are visiting
Jantar Mantar, in order to explore the tourism potential and to ascertain the
tourists’ satisfaction level. The copy of Questionnaire prepared in this
regard is enclosed herewith. The data collected in the form of Questionnaire
will be processed by using an appropriate statistical analysis tools like
Microsoft Excel, and the output result will be incorporated in the final
project report.
 In addition to the above data sources, data from books and authorized
websites will also be utilized to frame the final report.

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 Questionnaire
Dear Sir / Madam,

I am a student of Indira Gandhi National Open University, studying Bachelor of

Arts (Tourism Studies) course. As part of my study, I am doing a project on “Jantar
Mantar, Jaipur - An Architectural Marvel of Late Medieval India”. I would be
grateful if you could take a few minutes to complete this questionnaire form.
Please circle one number between 1-5 to rate each aspect (1 is Poor and 5 is
Excellent)
Sl Very
Particulars Poor Average Good Excellent
No. Good
1 Ease of accessibility 1 2 3 4 5

2 Ease of getting entry ticket 1 2 3 4 5

Ease of understanding
3 1 2 3 4 5
about the instruments
Service by local Tour Guide
4 1 2 3 4 5
(If availed)
Quality of Audio guide
5 1 2 3 4 5
(If availed)
6 Cleanliness of premises 1 2 3 4 5
Availability of
7 1 2 3 4 5
refreshments
Choice of Jantar Mantar as
8 1 2 3 4 5
a Tourist place
9 Value for money 1 2 3 4 5

10 Overall enjoyment 1 2 3 4 5
Suggestions (Any good or bad incident / scope for improvement)

Name :
Gender : Male / Female
Place :

---------------------------- Thank you for your valuable feedback --------------------------------

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 6. Expected contribution from the study

1) Study about the scientific and cultural concepts that led to the construction
of Jantar Mantar, Jaipur.
2) Study about the architectural instruments in Jantar Mantar and their
functions
3) Study about the materials used for construction of each instruments.
4) Study about the Architectural facts of instruments such as length breadth
and height.
5) Study about the Present Management of the property
6) Study about the Conservation and repair works
7) Study the potential of Jantar Mantar as a tourist attraction.
8) Find out the satisfaction level on various amenities provided to the tourists.

7. Conclusion

The major aspect about the instruments in Jantar Mantar observatory is their
inspiring presence in public space, allowing anyone visiting the observatories to
experience astronomy. It is one of the main tourist attraction in Jaipur. All
domestic as well as international tourists visiting the Pink city of Jaipur is also
visiting Jantar Mantar to experience it. Notwithstanding their current state of
disrepair in some cases, the Jantar Mantar instruments are yet in a good condition.