Farm Mechanization

Dept.of Farm Machinery & Power, UAF

Exercise # 06
Practical demonstration of Primary and Secondary Tillage
Implements.
Primary Tillage Implements

Chisel plough

Chisel plough is primary tillage implement, working

up to 20 inches to insure the development of the crop
root system at proper depth and environment. It is an
ideal implement where top soil is fertile but subsoil is
not productive. The chisel plough increases natural
fertility of soil as deep tillage provides enough
circulation of air moisture and sunlight into the soil.
For full penetration in first pass 50 – 85 hp tractor will
be required.i.e.MF-375,MF-385 are recommended.
Chisel plough operate from 2-5 years after to break
hard pan.

 It consist of heavy steel box

 V type frame without any nut and bolt
 Three easily replaceable tine design to penetrate up to 20 inches without much effort
 Shovels easily replaceable, working width 1.2 meter
 Tractor compatibility 50-85 hp.

Subsoiler

A subsoiler is the form of chisel plough designed to

penetrate into greater depth. This implement can penetrate
to a depth of 50 cm to loosen deep soil layers and promote
water movement and root growth. The subsoiler shutters
the soil but does not invert, pulverize and bring it to the
surface. A lot of power is needed (40-60) hp to pull one
shank of the subsoiler at depth of 50 cm in heavy soil.

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Farm Mechanization
Dept.of Farm Machinery & Power, UAF

Disc plough

Disk plough used for deep ploughing in roots

sticky, stony and hard soils. It mixes the remains
of crops and weeds throughout the depth of
ploughing hence it is ideal for rain flood areas for
checking soil erosion by water and wind.

 Max working depth is300 mm

 No. of furrow wheel 3-4 furrow
 Wheel diameter 508 mm
 weight 360 kg
 50-85 hp of tractor compatibility.

One way disc

The one way disc plough is used in 2 wheel and 4 wheel tractor power system. The number
and size of disc shares vary according to the power source, 2 wheel tractors will use 2 or 3
disc ploughs, while 4 wheel tractor will pull 3,4 or 7 disc versions, all system is mounted on
the tractor. The disc plough causes total inversion of the soil sod and relies on the ploughs
in built weight for penetration. This plough work well in hard soil and heavy trash condition
and can ride over stumps and obstacle in the soil. The power requirement for the disk
plough is less than an M.B plough but it will ride out of the ground if soil conditions are very
hard. The disc plough troughs the soil in one direction and kills weeds through cuttings
inversion and pulverization of the soil sod.

Offset disc plough

As the name suggests that this is capable of

operating off set from the tractor. The plough is
made up of between 4 and 24 disc mounted in

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Farm Mechanization
Dept.of Farm Machinery & Power, UAF

two gangs. Each gang has a common center bolt and throws the soil in different direction.
These ploughs are only used on 4 wheel tractors and are very versatile. An offset plough
can be either 3 point linkage mounted or trailing version. A very aggressive action of plough
gives good weed control and cuts and buries the crop residues. This plough is also widely
used in upland situations.

Mould Board Plough

Use as primary tillage implements after harvesting it is

used to break hard pan.1-2 feet deep down it break the
hard pan. It is the most important plough for primary
tillage in canal irrigated or heavy rain area where too
much weeds grow. The objective for ploughing with the
M.B plough is to completely invert and pulverize the soil.
To up root all weeds, trashes and crop residues, burry
them under the soil. The shape of M.B plough is design
to cut the soil and invert it to the right side, burring the
undesired crops which subsequently turned into nature
after decomposition. M.B plough can be used for the
following purposes.

 Deep inverting tillage it is the best way of

mechanical weed plough, it also work in the
organic matter like plant residue, green or cattle
manure, it can also be used for seed bed
preparation.
 Used for reclamations of waste land. Plough body
cuts the slice of the soil. Shears makes the
horizontal cuts, while the edge of the shear
inverts the soil. The furrow slices are lifted, move
upward along the M.B plough and turned over. An
angle of 120˚-150˚ depending upon the shape of
the M.B plough.
 Max depth of plough 22cm
 Working width 85 cm
 Weight 225 kg
 Tractor compatibility35-55 hp i.e. MF 375, MF 385, MF 240, MF 260 etc.

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Farm Mechanization
Dept.of Farm Machinery & Power, UAF

Secondary Tillage Implements

Tined plough

Tined plough is most versatile secondary

tillage implements as they can also be used
primary tillage and also modified as seed drill.
Tined implements are only used in dry working
situations as they cut the soil rather than invert
the soil and kill weeds by cutting and lifting the
weds to the surface. Different size
ploughshares or sweeps can be fitted to tines.
Sweeps range from 50mm to 500mm in width.
These ploughs are widely used where
residues need to be left on the surface. Tine ploughs have lower power requirement than
disk and M.B ploughs and are used with animals and 4 wheel tractors. These ploughs can
be configured as 3 point linkage mounted or as trailing versions.

Peg tooth harrow

Peg tooth harrows are widely used in animal

and 2 wheel tractor power systems for second
workings, soil paddling and land leveling. The
width of harrow depends on the number of
animals and size of tractor engine but range in
size from 1-2 meter depending on soil
condition. The teeth or pegs in the harrow can
be made from wood but more modern
versions use steel. The degree of aggression
is determined by the angle of operation. The
more upright the harrow the more aggressive
the action.

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Farm Mechanization
Dept.of Farm Machinery & Power, UAF

Disc cultivator

Disc cultivator is used with 4 wheel tractors

and is made up of either 2 or 4 gangs of discs.
The discs are smaller than one way or offset
plough and the machine is much lighter. The
degree of aggression is determined by the
gang angle relative to the forward travel.
These implements are normally used in dry
fields. The disc cultivator can be either 3 point
linkage mounted or a trailing version. The very
aggressive action of the plough gives good
weed control and cuts and buries crop
residues. This plough is widely used in upland
situations.

Rotavator

Rotavator commonly used for secondary

workings and especially seed bed preparation.
They are used with 2 wheels and in 4 wheel
tractors in both upland and flooded fields.
Rotavator have a very aggressive action, which
pulverize the soil and buries weeds and crop
residues. In some flooded situations rotavator
are used for primary tillage.