RATTAN CONVENT SCHOOL

SESSION 2022-2023

CHEMISTRY PROJECT REPORT

ON

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

SUBMITTED TO. SUBMITTED BY.

MR. JITENDRA VINEET

(P.G.T CHEMISTRY) XII-A
 INDEX

S.no Topic

1 CERTIFICATE

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

3 AIM / OBJECTIVE

4 INTRODUCTION

5 PRINCIPLE

6 EXPERIMENT SETUP

7 MATERIAL REQUIRED

8 PROCEDURE

9 OBSERVATION

10 CONCLUSION

11 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the project entitled, “Electrochemical

Cell” submitted by “Vineet” in partial fulfilment of the
requirements for CBSE in “PCM” at “Rattan Convent School” is
an authentic work carried out by him under my supervision and
guidance.

To the best of my knowledge, the matter embodied in the

project has not been submitted to any other institute.

Mr. Jitendra
P.G.T Chemistry
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere thanks to the

principal Mr. Manoj Kumar for her encouragement and for all
the facilities that he provided for this project work.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mr. Jitendra, who guided me to
the successful completion of this project. I take this opportunity
to express my deep sense of gratitude for this invaluable
guidance constant encouragement, immense motivation, which
has sustained my efforts at all stages of this Project work.
I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to Mr. Yogesh who
helped me to carry out this project successful and provided me
the right equipment at right time.

VINEET

XII-A Signature of Teacher

 AIM/OBJECTIVE

To Study the change in E.M.F of a Danial cell due to

various factor such as change in concentration,
temperature and area of electrodes
 INTRODUCTION
Electro Chemical Cell
An electro chemical cell is a device that can generate electrical
energy from the chemical reactions occurring in it. These
devices can convert chemical energy into electrical energy, or
vice versa.

Primary cell
Primary cells are basically use and throw galvanic cells. The
electrochemical reactions that take place in these cells are
irreversible in nature. Hence, the reactants are consumed for the
generation of electrical energy and the cell stops producing the
electric current once the reactants are completely depleted.
Secondary cell
Secondary cells (also known as rechargeable batteries) are
electrochemical cells in which the cell has reversible reaction
i.e., the cell can function as a Galvanic cell as well as an
Electrolytic cell.

Types of Electrochemical cells

The two primary types of electrochemical cells are
1. Galvanic cells (also known as Voltaic cells)
2. Electrolytic cells

Galvanic Cell / Voltaic Cell Electrolytic Cell

Chemical energy is transformed into
electrical energy in these
electrochemical cells.
The redox reactions that take place in
these cells are spontaneous in nature.
In these electrochemical cells, the
anode is negatively charged, and the
cathode is positively charged.
The electrons originate from the
species that undergoes oxidation.
Electrical energy is transformed into
chemical energy in these cells.
An input of energy is required for the
redox reactions to proceed in these
cells, i.e., the reactions are non-
spontaneous.
These cells feature a positively
charged anode and a negatively
charged cathode.
Electrons originate from an external
source (such as a battery).
 PRINCIPLE
Danial cell
A Daniel Cell is an Electrochemical Cell which carries out
Chemical reactions to produce Electricity. In the Daniel Cell,
Zinc metal is the anode, and copper metal is the cathode. The
zinc anode is dipped in Zinc salt solution and the Copper
cathode is dipped in the copper salt solution.
At the anode, oxidation takes place and solid zinc converts into
zinc ions. At the cathode, copper ions get reduced to copper
metal and get deposited.
The Daniel Cell has a voltage of 1.1v.

Daniel Cell Chemical Reaction

Zn(s) + Cu+2(aq) -------> Zn+2(aq) + Cu(s)
The above reaction can be split into two as follows-
Anode reaction /oxidation half Cell reaction
Zn(s)-------> Zn+2 + 2 e-
2 Electrons are released, and zinc metal is oxidized.
Cathode reaction/ reduction half Cell reaction
Cu+2 + 2 e- ---------> Cu (s)
Copper ions are reduced to copper metal.
Daniel Cell Working
As we have seen above, the setup of the Daniel Cell and the Cell
reactions taking place in the Daniel Cell now we can understand
the working of Daniel Cells. The zinc metal oxidizes at the
anode and 2 Electrons are released. These Electrons travel from
anode to cathode through a metal wire that connects both the
Electrodes. This flow of free Electrons produces Electricity in
the direction opposite to the flow of Electrons that is from
cathode to anode. Salt bridge completes the circuit.

Daniel Cell Representation

Zn | Zn+2(aq) || Cu+2(aq) | Cu
The symbol double vertical lines || represents the salt bridge.
The left part is oxidation half Cell, and the right part is reduction
half Cell.

Applications of Daniel Cell

Daniel Cell is used to generate Electricity or to store Electric
Energy. Daniel Cell is used in Battery development and
Electrical telegraphy. Battery refers to a group of Cells
combined.
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
A zinc rod is placed in the zinc sulphate solution taken in a
beaker. A copper rod is placed in the copper sulphate solution
taken in another beaker. The two rods are connected by a wire
and two solutions are connected by a salt bridge.

Salt bridge
A salt-bridge is a U-shaped tube containing concentrated
solution of an inert electrolyte like KCL, KNO3 , K2SO4 etc. An
inert electrolyte is one whose ions do not take part in the redox
reaction and do not react with electrolyte used.
The function of the salt bridge is to allow the movement of the
ions from one solution to the other without mixing of the two
solutions. Thus, whereas the electrons flow in the outer circuit
in the wire, the inner circuit is completed by the flow of ions
from one solution to the other through the salt bridge moreover,
it helps to maintain the electrical neutrality of the solution of
the two half cells.
Thus, the main functions of the salt bridge are:
 To complete the electrical circuit by allowing the ions to
flow from one solution to the other without mixing of the
two solutions.
 To maintain the electrical neutrality of the solutions in the
two half cells.
 MATERIAL REQUIRED

Two Beakers U shaped tube

Copper Rod Zinc Rod

Copper sulphate Zinc sulphate

Voltmeter
 Procedure
 Take two clean beakers.
 In one beaker take copper sulphate solution and in the other
take zinc sulphate solution.
 Take a copper rod and clean it using a sandpaper.
 Dip the copper rod into the beaker containing the
copper sulphate solution.

 Similarly, take a zinc rod and clean it using a

sandpaper.
 Then dip into the beaker containing zinc sulphate
solution.
 Take a salt bridge and connect the two solutions using the
salt bridge.
  Take a voltmeter and connect the copper rod to the
positive terminal and the zinc rod to the negative
terminal using connecting wires.
 Note the positive of the pointer in the voltmeter and
record the reading.
 Repeat the experiment by taking different
concentration of zinc sulphate and the copper
sulphate solutions.

Observations
Variation with Concentration:
S.no. Molarity of ZnSo4 Molarity of CuSo4 EMF
1 1 1 1.1V
2 0.5 1 1.108V
3 1 0.5 1.091V

Variation with temperature:

S.no. Temperature of ZnSo4 Temperature of CuSo4 EMF
1 30 30 1.078
2 70 70 1.098
 Conclusion
1. With these observations, we conclude that EMF of the cell
increases with decreases in the concentration of the
electrolyte around the anode and the increase in the
concentration of the electrolyte around the cathode.
2. The EMF increases with increase in temperature.
3. The EMF is independent of area of electrode.

Bibliography
1. NCERT Chemistry Part-1, Textbook for class XII
2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniell_cell
3. www.slideshare.com
4. https://byjus.com
5. Help from teachers