By.

: CDS. Sir
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Physical Properties of organic compound :

Polarity of bond affects polarity of molecule which as a result affect
physical properties of compounds
(1) Bolling point
B.P a H-bond
a mol. wt
a surface area
a symmetry

e.g. (i) < < < (B.P)

(ii) > (B.P)

(iii) > > (B.P)

(iv) > > > (B.P)

(decide by symmetry)

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(v) CH3–CH2–CH2–CH2–OH > > (B.P)

e.g.(i) CH3–F < CH3–Cl < CH3–Br < CH3–I (B.P) (decided by mol wt.)

(ii) > (B.P)

H-bonding Mol wt.

(iii) > (B.P)

H- bond Mol. wt

(iv) (B.P)

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e.g.(i) > > (B.P)

(ii) CH3–CH2–OH > CH3–CH2–SH (B.P) (decided by H bond)

(iii) CH3–CH2–OEt < Et–S–Et (B.P) (decided by m.wt)

(iv) > > > (B.P)

(v) > >

(decide by H–bond)

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Representative compounds :

> > CH3–CH2OH > > R–X > R–O–R > R–C º CH
(Terminal)
> R–CH2–CH3 > R–CH=CH2
(Terminal) (B.P) order
e.g.

< < < < < <

(Decided by mol. wt) (B.P) roder
e.g.
CCl3COOH > Cl2CHCOOH > ClCH2COOH > CH3COOH (B.P) (decided by mol. wt.)

e.g. > > (B.P)

e.g. Me2NH > MeNH2 > Me3 (B.P)

e.g. > ³ (B.P)

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Solubility : (Like dissolves like)

Solute Solvent Solution
EtOH (H.B) H2O(H.B) ü
CH4 (Vdw) CCl4(Vdw) ü

Solubility in water :-
Alcohols C1–C5 are soluble in water
1
Homologus Solubility a
molecular wt.
1
Isomers solubility a
hydropnobi c area

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e.g. CH3–OH > CH3CH2OH > CH3–CH2CH2–OH > nBuOH (Solubility)

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH < < <

< <

G º – NO2 , , – COOH

RCOOH > > R–OH > > > R–OR > R–X > R–H

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Sepration of organic mixture :

Organic compounds have different solubility in different solvent
according to which they can be separated
Solvents in which they can be separated
H2O, aq. NaHCO3, dil. NaOH, dil. HCl
Compounds soluble in H2O
S Alliphatic compounds having C1–C5 carbon with two or three functional
group such as –NH2, –COOH, –OH
e.g. fructose, glucose
S Aromatic bifunctional compounds are generally insoluble in water

e.g. , , , are insouble in water

Compounds soluble in aq. NaHCO3

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S Compounds stronger acid than H2CO3

Ex:- , , Ph–SO3H,

All soluble in NaHCO3 (aq.)

S Compounds soluble on dil NaOH

, , , Ph–SO3H, , R–OH

Soluble in dil. NaOH except alcohol having six or more carbons

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Compounds soluble in dil HCl

. Primary, secondary, 3º amines & Aromatic amines
. Seprate mixture

(i) Ph OH, o–xylene (Binary solution)

(ii) , (ether)

(iii) PhOH, PhCOOH, (ether)

(iv) Ph–NO2, PhOH, PhCOOH, Ph–NH2

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Melting Point :
M.P a packing
H. bond > dp – dp > vdw

e.g. < (M.P)

< (M.P)

> > (M.P)

> > (M.P)

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In case of alkans ®

M.P a 1 (Isomers)
Branching

M.P a molecular wt (Homologus)

< < < (M.P)

If branching makes structure spherical, m.p. is exceptionally high

(M.P)
(i) (ii) (iii)

3 > 1 > 2

> (M.P)

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Difference in m.p from odd to even is very high as comared to even to odd.

(due to symmetry)

Density :-
- Genrally organic compounds are less dense than water
- Maxmium density of hydrocarbon is 0.8.
- To make on organic compound more denser than water it should
have one -I or one –Br or 2-Cl
R–I > R–Br > H2O > R–Cl > R–F (density)
CHCl3 > CH2Cl2 > H2O (density)

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