Explanation of Gear Terms

Diametral Pitch
It is the ratio of several teeth to the pitch circle diameter. It is indicated by Pd.

Pd = NP/DP = NG/DG

Pitch line velocity

Pitch line velocity is measured at the pitch line of the gear, which is midway along the length
of the gear teeth. For circular gears, the pitch line is more correctly referred to as the pitch
circle, which is an imaginary circle that rolls without slipping when aligned with the pitch
circle of the mating gear.

Overload Factor Ko
The purpose of the overload factor, Ko, is to account for externally applied loads in excess of
the nominal tangential load Wt. The overload factor is the multiplication factor of load on
gear teeth.

Size Factor
This factor is used to account for non-uniformity of material properties due to size.

Load Distribution Factor

The load distribution factor is used to account for the effects of the non-uniform loading. It is
defined as the ratio of the maximum load intensity along the face width to the nominal load
intensity, i.e., Variations in the load distribution can be influenced by: Design Factors.

Dynamic Factor
The dynamic factor Kv as the total mesh torque at operating speed respect to the mesh torque
with “perfect” gears. Dynamic tooth loads influence the durability of gears, particularly at
high speeds. The gear rating standards con- sider the effect of dynamic tooth loads on gear
durability by multiplying the quasi- static stress by a dynamic factor.

Rim Thickness Factor

Rim thickness is key parameter for stress analysis of thin-rimmed gears. As rim thickness
decreases, the value of maximum bending stress the compressive cyclic stress in the gear
tooth fillet region increased.

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Contact Stress Sc
The maximum contact stress number occurs on the face of the teeth as it does in spur and
helical gears.

Application of Different Types of Gears

Gears are mechanical devices that are utilized in a wide range of mechanical equipment and
systems. There are several types of gears available and used in a variety of household,
commercial, and industrial applications, including:

Spur Gear
 Aircrafts
 Automobiles
 Clocks
 Marine systems
 Material handling equipment
 Measuring instrumentation
 Power plants
 Pumps
 Watering systems
 Household appliances

Helical Gear
 Similar to spur gears but with greater loads and higher speeds.
 Automobiles (transmission systems)

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