Vidyamandir Classes

Functions-Miscellaneous Exercise - 1 Level - 1

ax  c
1.(A) Given, y   cxy  ay  ax  c  cxy  ax  ay  c
cx  a
ay  c
 x  cy  a   ay  c  x  f  y
cy  a
2.(D) Given, f  x   x
 f  25  25  5  f 16   16  4  f 1  1  1
f  25 5
Now,  1
f 16   f 1 4 1

3.(A) Given, f  x   tan x  tan2 x

 tan x  tan x  0  tan2 x  tan x  0

 tan x  tan x  1  0  x  n or n 
4
 
 x  n , n  4 
n I

4.(C) Given, f  x   log x 3 x 2  1  

f (x) is to be defined, when x 2  1  0, 3  x  0 and 3  x  1
i.e., x 2  1, x  3 and x  2
i.e., x  1 or x  1, x  3 and x  2  Domain   3,  2    2,  1  1,  

5.(C) Given, f  x   log x 2  6 x  6 

  
log x 2  6 x  6  0 and x 2  6 x  6  0  x2  6 x  6  1  x2  6 x  5  0

 x    , 1   5,  

 log0.3  x  1  log0.3  x  1
6.(D) We have, f  x   , for domain 0
x2  2 x  8 x2  2 x  8
log0.3  x  1 2
  0 , since x 2  2 x  8 is always positive, as x 2  2 x  8   x  1  7
x2  2x  8
0
 log0.3  x  1  0  x  1   0.3   x2


7.(A) Given, f  x   sin1  2 x  
6
   
To find domain, we must have sin 1  2 x   0  But  sin 1   
6  2 2
       1
Now,   sin1  2 x    sin    2 x  sin      2x  1
6 2  6  2 2
1 1  1 1
  x  x   , 
4 2  4 2
MEQB | Solutions 1 Functions
 Vidyamandir Classes

8.(C) A function is said to be transcendental function, if it is not algebraic.

   
9.(A) We have, f  x   sec  cos 2 x  , x  R  0  cos 2 x  1, 0  cos 2 x 
4  4 4
  
sec 0  sec  . cos 2 x   sec  1  f  x  2  Range  1, 2 
 
4  4
x2  x  2
10.(C) Let, y  , xR  x 2 y  xy  y  x 2  x  2  x 2  y  1  x  y  1  y  2  0
x2  x  1
 x  R , hence   0
 y  12  4  y  1 y  2   0
  y  1 y  1  4 y  8  0   y  1 3 y  7   0   y  13 y  7   0
2
7 x  x2  7
 1 y  , but y  1 as it does not satisfy y  2
 Range =  1, 
3 x  x 1  3
11.(D) We have, f  x   a cos  bx  c   d
We know that, a  a cos  bx  c   a
 a  d  a cos  bx  c   d  a  d  d  a  f  x  d  a  Range =  d  a, d  a 
1
12.(B) We have, f  x  
2  sin 3 x
It domain is x  R ,
1 1 1
Now, let y   2  sin 3x   sin 3 x  2 
2  sin 3x y y
1 1 1
Since, 1  sin 3x  1  1  2  1  3    1  1 3
y y y
1 1 
  y 1  Range   , 1
3 3 
13.(D) We have, f    sec 2   cos 2 
We know that, AM  GM
sec 2   cos 2 
 sec 2   cos 2   sec 2   cos 2   2  Its range is  2,  
2
2
14.(B) We have, f  x   tan  x2
9
2  
It is defined, when  x2  0   x
9 3 3
2
    
Clearly, for x    ,    x3   0 , 
 3 3 9  3
 
Since, tan x is strictly increasing function on  0, 
 3
 2  
tan 0  tan   x 2   tan
 9  3
 
 0  f  x  3  Range  0, 3 
 
MEQB | Solutions 2 Functions
 Vidyamandir Classes

15.(B) We have, f  x   4 x  2 x  1

Let, y  22 x  2 x  1

1  1  4 1  y   4 y  3 1 
 22 x  2 x  1  y  0  2x   x  log 2  
2  2 
 
Which defined, when 4 y  3  0
3
 y . . . .(i)
4
4 y  3 1
and 0  4y  3 1
2
 4y  3  1
y 1 . . . .(ii)
From equations, (i) and (ii), we get :
 Range of f  x   1,  

16.(B) We have, f  x   log 5  2  sin x  cos x   3 

Since,  2  sin x  cos x  2  1  2  sin x  cos x   3  5

 log 5 1  log 5  
2  sin x  cos x   3  log 5 5  0  f  x  2  Range = [0, 2]

 3x 2   3x 9 9 2
17.(D) We have, f  x   2  3 x  5 x 2  5  x 2     5  x 2     
 5 5  5 100 100 5 
 2 2
3 49  49  3  49 
 5  x      50  x    Range of f  x     ,   2
 10  100  20  10   20 
 
By comparing, we get :   2
18.(B) Given, f  x   sin 2 x
1  cos 2 x 2 T
f  x   Period of f  x     [Period of f  ax   , where T is the period of ??]
2 2 a

19.(B) We have, f  x   sin 1  sin x 

We know that, if f (x) is not periodic and g (x) is periodic, then ??? is periodic with period of g(x).
Hence, f  x   sin 1  sin x  is periodic and its period = 2
20.(B) We have, f  x   cos x

1  cos 2 x 2
 f  x   cos 2 x   Period of 
2 2
21.(A) We have, f  x   cos 2 x

We know that, period of cos x is   Period of cos 2 x 
2
22.(C) We have, f  x   tan  3x  2 

Its period is
3

MEQB | Solutions 3 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

x x
23.(D) We have, f  x   sin    cos  
3 2
x x
Let, f1  x   sin   and f 2  x   cos  
3 2
2 2
T1  Period of f1  x    6 ; T2  Period of f 2  x    4
1/ 3 1/ 2
 Period of f  x   LCM of T1 and T2
So, period = 12
24.(B) We have, f  x   sin 4 x  cos 4 x
2 1 1

f  x   sin 2 x  cos 2 x   2 sin 2 x cos 2 x  1 
2
 2 sin x  cos x 2  1 
2
sin2 2 x

1  1  cos 4 x  1 2 
1    1  1  cos 4 x   Its period  
2 2  4 4 2
25.(C) We have, f  x   sec  sin x  , f  x     sec  sin  x      sec   sin x   sec  sin x  f  x  
Hence its period is 
26.(A) We have, f :  6, 6  R

Then, f  x   x 2  3 for x  R

 fofof  1   fofof  0    fofof 1  ?

2
     3  x
fof  x   f x 2  3  x 2  3 4
 9  6 x2  3  x4  6  6 x2
2
and  fofof  x    x  6  6 x   3
4 2

  fofof  1   fofof  0    fofof 1  2  33  2  29

Now, f  y   y 2  3  29

 y 2  32  y4 2

  fofof  1   fofof  0    fofof 1  

f 4 2 
1
27.(A) We have, g  x   x 2  x  2 and  gof  x   2 x2  5 x  2
2
2 2
Now,  gof  x   4 x  10 x  4   2 x  3   5  2 x
2
And g  f  x    2 x  3   2 x  3  2  f  x   2x  3
x x
28.(D) We have, f  x   and g  x  
x 1 1 x
x x
 x  1 x  1  x  x
  fog  x   f   x x  1 x
 1  x  1
1 x 1 x

MEQB | Solutions 4 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

2x 1
29.(B) Given, f  x 
3x  2
 2x  1  4 x  2  3x  2
2  1
  2 x  1   3x  2  3x  2 7x
  fofo  x   f  f    
6x  3  6x  4
 x  fofo  2   2
  3x  2   3   2 x  1   2 7
 
 3x  2  3x  2
1n
30.(C) Given, 
f  x   a  xn 
1n
  n 1n
1n 1n 1n 1n
 
f  f  x    f a  x n
  

  a   a  xn   
    
 a  a  x n 

 a  a  xn 
   
 xn x

 
31.(C) Given, f  x   cot 1  x  : R    0,  and g  x   2 x  x 2 : R  R
 2
  
  
f  g  x   cot 1 g  x   cot 1 2 x  x 2 So, the range of f  g  x  is  , 
4 2
32.(C) We have, f  x   x3  1

f   x   3x 2  f  x   0,  x  R
So, f (x) is increasing, for all x  R .
Now, f (x) is one-one function.
So, the range of f (x) is   ,  
 f (x) is also onto function
Since, f (x) is one-one and onto
Hence, f (x) is a bijection
33.(C) We have, f  x   x3  5 x  1

f   x   3x 2  5  f   x   0,  x  R
 f (x) is one-one function and range of f (x) is   ,  
 f (x) is also onto function.
Therefore, f (x) is one-one function and onto,  x  R
34.(A) Let, f  x   2 x  5 , then f  x1   f  x2 
 2 x1  5  2 x2  5  x1  x2 and range of f (x) is   ,  
 2 x  5 is bijective
Let, g  x   x
g  1  g 1  1
 g(x) is not one-one function
 g(x) is not bijective
Similarly, x 2 and x 2  1 is not one-one function.
Hence,  2 x  5  is only bijective.

MEQB | Solutions 5 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

x x1 x2
35.(B) We have, f  x    f  x1   f  x2   
1 x 1  x1 1  x2
 x1  x1x2  x2  x1x2  x1  x2
So, f (x) is one-one function.
Let y   0 ,   , such that f  x   y
x
 y  y  xy  x
1 x
y y
 x   0 as x  0
1 y 1 y
 0  y 1
 f (x) is not one function.
36.(C) Given, f  x   4 x  3
and f : N  Y , where Y   y  N : y  4 x  3
Clearly, the given function is one-one and onto.
y 3 x3
Let, y  4 x  3  y  3  4x  x  f 1  x  
4 4
37.(C) We have, f (x) is defined, when 5  x  7 and fog  x   f  g  x   is defined when

5  g  x   7 i.e., 5  2 x  5  7
7  2 x  5  7
12  2 x  2
6  x  1
Hence, the domain is  6, 1

    
38.(C) Given, f  x   log 2 log3 log 4 x 2  3x  6  its domain is D1  log3 log 4 x 2  3x  6
    0
  
log 4 x 2  3x  6  1  x 2  3x  6  4  x 2  3x  2  0

  x  2  x  1  0  x < 1 or x > 2


D2  log4 x 2  3x  6  0 
x2  3 x  6  1
x 2  3x  5  0
Its roots are imaginary; hence it is defined for all x  R
D3  x 2  3x  6  0
It is also defined for all x,x  R
On combining D1, D2 and D3, we get :
 Domain of f  x    , 1   2,  
39.(A) We have, f (x) is defined, when 0  x  1 .
The domain of f  sin x  is 0  sin x  1
0  x   and sin x is periodic with period 2
2n  x   2n  1  ; n  Z

MEQB | Solutions 6 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

 x2 
40.(A) We have, f  x   cos 1  2  its domain is x  R
 x 1 
 
x2
To find range, put y  cos 1
x2  1
x2
cos y 
x2  1
cos y
x2 
1  cos y
cos y cos y
Since, x 2  0 , hence  0 or 0
1  cos y cos y  1
0  cos y  1
  
Which is possible when 0  y   Range   0, 
2  2
 1 
41.(C) We have, f  x   4 log3  
 cos x 
It is defined when
 1  1
(i) log3  0 (ii) 0 (iii) cos x  0
 cos x  cos x
On solving,
1
(i)  1  cos x  1 which is always true for x  R
cos x
1
(ii)  0 , it is also true for x  R
cos x
 3
(iii) cos x  0 i.e., , x
,...
2 2
  
Hence, domain of f (x) is R   2n  1  ; n  Z
 2 
42.(C) We have, f  x   ax  sin x is bijective
To check one-one, f   x   a  cos x
Clearly, it is strictly increasing or strictly increasing, if cos x  0 and 1  cos x  1
 It is one-one when a  R   1, 1 and the range of f (x) is all real numbers.
Hence, a  R   1, 1

| x | 5
43.(C) 1  1  3 | x|  7  x  [7,  3]  [3, 7]
2
6x  0  x  6
6x 1  x 5
 x  [7,  3]  [3, 5)  (5, 6)

MEQB | Solutions 7 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

x

 2 x 1 , x0
x
44.(C) We have, f  x   2  2  x
 x

 2  2 log 2, x  0

We see that f   x   0,  x  R
Hence, it is strictly increasing.
 f (x) is one-one.
x
For onto, f  x   2 x  2
which is exponential function and it being always +ye
and it is not equal to codomain, hence it is into.
45.(C) We have, f  x   x   x  which is a periodic function, hence never one-one.

Therefore, f 1  x  is never defined

46.(D) We have, f  x   2 cos 5 x  3 sin 5 x

2 2
Let period of 2 cos 5 x is T1  and period of 3 cos 5 x is T2 
5 5
Here, T1 is rational and T2 is irrational
Hence, period of is not defined
Therefore, f (x) is not a periodic function.
47.(D) f x   f  x  f  0   0 and f  x  2   f  x 
 f  4  f  2  f 0  0
48.(C) We have, f  x  y   f  x   f   x 
Put y   x f  0   f  x   f   x  . . . .(i)
Put x  y  0 , f  0   2 f  0   f  0  0 . . . .(ii)
From equations (i) and (ii), we get : f   x    f  x 
 Odd which is an odd function.
49.(B) We know that if f   x   f  x  , then f (x) is symmetrical about line x = 0
 If f (x) is symmetrical about x = 2
 f  2  x  f  2  x 

Functions-Miscellaneous Exercise - 1 Level - 2

50.(D) Given, f  x   cos  loge x 

1   x   1  x 
 f  x f  y   f    f  xy    cos  log x  cos  log y   cos log  cos log  xy  
2   y   2  y 
1
 cos  log x  cos  log y   cos  log x  log y   cos  log x  log y 
2
1
 cos  log x  cos  log y   2 cos  log x  cos  log y   0
2

MEQB | Solutions 8 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

a  a  1
51.(C) We have f  a, b   f  a  1, b   a  1  f  a  2, b    a  2    a  1  f 1, b  
2
a  a  1 b  b  1 a  a  1
 f 1, b  1   b  1   f 1, 1  
2 2 2
a  a  1 b  b  1
   1999   a  b  a  b  1  2 1999
2 2
Here, 1999 is a prime number and a  b  a  b  1
Thus, if a  b  1 and b  a  1  3998
 a = 2000 and b = 1999 . . . .(i)
If a  b  2 and a  b  1  1999
 a = 1001 and b = 999 . . . .(ii)
  a, b    2000, 1999  or (1001, 999)
Thus, number of ordered pairs (a, b) is 2
The maximum value of (a + b) is 3999
The minimum value of (a + b) is 2000
1 1
52.(7) Polynomial function satisfying f  x   f    f  x   f  
x x
 f  x    xn  1  f  3  3n  1  26  3n  1  26  3n  27

 n3  f  x    x3  1  f  2   8  1  f  2   7 Hence, f  2  7
 2002  2002  2002  6006
53.(1) We have, f  x   2 f    3x on replacing x by , we get : f    2 f  x 
 x  x  x  x
4004
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get : f  x   x
x
4004 f  2  2000
Now, f  2    2  2002  2  2000   1
2 2000 2000
sin 1  3  x 
54.(B) Given, f  x  
log  x  2 

Let, g  x   sin 1  3  x   1  3  x  1
The domain of g(x) is [2, 4]
Let, h  x   log  x  2   x  2  0 or x  2  x  2 or x > 2

 Domain   ,  2    2,  
Hence, the domain of f (x) is  2, 4  3 i.e.,  2, 3   3, 4
55.(D) Given that, 2 x  2 y  2,  x, y  R
 2 y  2  2x
 
y  log 2 2  x x  for domain, 2  2 x
0

 2  2x
 x 1  x    , 1

MEQB | Solutions 9 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

2 cos 2  1  cos 2
56.(B) We have, f  cos 4   2
 . . . .(i)
2 cos   1 cos 2
1 1 4 2
When, cos 4   2 cos 2 2  1   2 cos 2 2   cos 2 2 
3 3 3 3
2
1
2 1 3 3 2 1 3 3
 cos 2   Thus, f      f   1 or  1
3  3 2  2  3 2 2

3
2015
 x  r  x  1   x  2  . . . .   x  2015
57.(3)  f  x    x     x 
k 1
2015 2015

2015  x
  x    x    x  x  f  3  3
2015

58.(ABC) We have, f  x   x  1  x  2  x  3  x  4
 4 x  10 , x 1

 2 x  8, 1 x  2
f  x    4, 2 x3
 2 x  2, 3 x 4

 4 x  10, 4 x
Clearly, we see that f (x) is least i.e. 4, which is not unique, and its least value is 4.
59.(2) We have, f  x   loge sin1 x  
f  x  is defined, when sin 1 x  0 and 1  x  1
  
 0  x 1  0  sin1 x   loge 0  loge sin 1 x  loge    f  x   loge
2 2 2
 
But it is   , loge  by comparing, we get : k = 2
 2
sin x cos x
60.(A)  f  x    sin x . cos x  cos x sin x
1  tan2 x 1  cot 2 x
Period of f  x   2
  
 sin 2 x, x  0, 
  2

 0,  
x , 
 2 
 f  x  
  3 
 sin 2 x, x   , 2 
  
  3 
 0, x   , 2 
  2 
 Range   1, 1  a  b  0

MEQB | Solutions 10 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

61.(C) We have, f  x   log 2  2 

 2  log 16 sin 2 x  1 
 

Its domain is 2  log2 16 sin 2 x  1  0 
3
 
 log2 16 sin2 x  1  2   16 sin2 x  1  4  sin 2 x 
16
3
 0  sin 2 x 
16
2
Now, 1  16 sin x  1  4


log2 1  log 2 16 sin2 x  1  log2 4 
 
0  log2 16 sin2 x  1  2   
2   log2 16 sin2 x  1  0 
 
0  2  log2 16 sin2 x  1  2 
log 2
0  log 2  2 
 2  log 16 sin 2 x  1   log
  2
2     f x  2

But it is   , a 
By comparing, we get : a  2
62.(A) (B)  
We have, f  x   tan tan1 x  x, x  R and g  x   cot cot 1 x  x, x  R  
Thus, f  x   g  x 
Hence, f and g are identical
 1, if x0

(C) We have, f  x   sgn  x    0, if x0
1, if x0

 1, if sgn  x   1  1, if x0
 
and g  x   sgn  sgn  x     0, if sgn  x   0   0, if x0
1,
 if sgn  x   1  1, if x0
Thus, f  x   g  x 
Hence, f and g are identical
cos 2 x cos 4 x
(D) We have, f  x   cot 2 x  cos 2 x   cos 2 x 
sin 2 x sin2 x

and g  x   cot 2 x  cos 2 x 

cos 2 x  1
 cos 2 x  cos 2 x 
2 2
 cos x 1  sin x
 1 
 
sin2 x 2
 sin x  sin2 x
cos 2 x  cos 2 x cos 4 x
 
sin2 x sin2 x
Thus, f  x   g  x  Hence, f and g are identical
2
63.(B) (A) We have, f  x  f  x   x 2  x , x  R and g  x    x  x, x  0
Clearly, f  x   g  x  for all x, as
(B)  
We have, f  x   sec sec 1 x  x, x  1 and g  x   cos ec cos ec 1  x, x  1  
Clearly, f  x   g  x  Hence, f and g are identical

MEQB | Solutions 11 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

1  cos 2 x 2 cos 2 x
(C) We have, f  x     cos 2 x  cos x
2 2
and g  x   cos x
Clearly, f  x   g  x  for all x.
(D) We have, f  x   x and g  x   loge x  x, x  0
Then, f  x   g  x   x
Hence, f and g are not identical
64.(A) We have, f  x    x  a    x  b  sin  x  cos 2 x  sin 3 x  cos 4 x  . . .
 sin  2n  1  x  cos 2n x
To period of x  a   x  b  b  b  x  b   x  b  a  b   x  b  a  b
Hence, we see that its period is 1
2
Now, period of sin  x is 2

2
Period of cos 2 x is 1
2
2 1
Similarly, period of cos 2n x  
2n n
 Period of f (x) is LCM of all above period, which is 2.

 x 
65.(C) We have, f  x   sin  x   cos  cos  x
4 2 3
   
Let, sin  x  T1   sin  x   x  T1   2n   x    x  T1   8n   x   T1  8n
4 4 4 4
Its minimum value is 8.
Hence, T1  8
x 2
T2  Period of cos  4
2 
2

T3  Period of cos  x  6
3
 Period of  x   LCM of T1, T2 and T3 = 24

 1  2  1  1  2  2 1 2
66.(A) We have, f  x    x    x     x    3x  15   x   x    x     x     x     x    15  
 3  3  3  3  3  3 3 3
 1   2   1  1   2 
 f  x     x   x     x    16  f  x      x     x     x  1  16
 3   3   3  3   3 

 1   2 
   x     x     x  16 as  x  1   x
 3   3 
 1 1
 f  x    f  x  Period of f (x) is  
 3 3

MEQB | Solutions 12 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

cos 4  x  x  x  cos  x
67.(2) We have, f  x   e

Period of cos 4  x   1  T1 [Say]

Period of x   x   1  T2 [Say]
2
Period of cos  x   2  T3 [Say]

Now, period of f (x) = LCM of T1, T2 and T3 = 2
Hence, its period is 2.
13
68.(2) 
We have, f  x  p   1  1  3 f  x   3 f 2  x   f 3  x  
13
3
 f  x  p   1  1  f  x    f  x  p   1 1 f  x  f  x  p  f  x  2 . . .(i)
 
Now, replacing x by x + p in equation (i), we get: f  x  2 p   f  x  p   2
 f  x  2 p  f  x
On comparing, we get :  p  2 p  2
 1, x  0

69.(B) Given, g  x   1   x , f  x    0, x  0 , where {x} represents the fractional part function.
 1, x  0

1, 1   x  0

 f  g  x    0, 1   x  0  1,  x  R 1   x  0
 1, 1   x  0

x2  4
70.(C) We have, f  x  
x2  4
x12  4 x22  4
f  x1   and f  x2  
x12  4 x22  4

x12  4 x22  4
f  x1   f  x2     x12  x22  4 x12  4 x22  16  x12 x22  4 x12  4 x22  16
x12 4 x22 4

 x12  x22  0   x1  x2  x1  x2   0
x1   x2 or x1  x2  f (x) is many-one function.
Let y  R such that f (x) = y

x2  4
 y  x2 y  4 y  x 2  4  x 2 1  y   4  y  1
2
x 4
4  y  1 4  y  1 y 1 y 1
 x2  , x2  4  4  1  1  0
1 y 1 y 1 y 1 y
y 11 y 2y
 0  0
1 y 1 y

0  y 1
Hence, the range of f (x) is [0, 1) i.e. onto

MEQB | Solutions 13 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

71.(B) We have, f  x   e

cos 1 log 4 x 2 

It is defined, when e

cos 1 log 4 x 2   0 and 1  log x 2  1 and x  0
4

We know that exponential functions are always positive. Hence e


cos 1 log 4 x 2  is true for all x.
Now, 1  log4 x 2  1
1 1 1
4 1  x 2  4 ;  x 2  4 2  x   or x2
4 2 2
 1 1 
Hence, domain is  2,    , 2
 2 2 
 
1  x 
72.(B) We have, f  x   cot  
 x 2   x 2 
 
We know that, domain of cot 1 x is R
2 2
f  x  is defined, when x 2   x   0 i.e., x 2   x   x 2  0 or integer


Hence, domain of f  x   R   n : n  0 ; n  Z 
1
73.(A) We have, f  x   x 2  2
x 1
1
We can rewrite f (x) as f  x   x 2  1  2
1
x 1
We know that AM  GM
1
x2  1 
x  1  x2  1  1 ; x2  1  1  2
2 1
2
 x2  1
 x2 1
 x2  1 
x2  1
1  1

Range of f (x) is 1,  

74.(B) We have, f  x   9 x  3x  1
 
2 2
 1 1  1  3 3
Take 9 x  3x  1   3x     1   3x     for all x    , 1   9 x  3x  1  7
 2 4  2 4 4 4

Now, 9 x  3x  1  0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 Hence, range of f  x   0, 1, 3, 4, 5, 6

 
 2 x  cos x; cos x  0
75.(B) We have, f  x   
2 x  cos x ; cos x  0
 
 2  sin x; cos x  0  0  x 
 2
f  x  
2  sin x; cos x  0   x  
 3
 2 2
Clearly, we see that for any value of x.
f   x  is always positive, hence it is always strictly increasing, therefore f (x) is one-one.
And we see that f (x) takes all real value,  x  R . Hence, it is onto.

MEQB | Solutions 14 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

76.(A) We have, f : A  B and f  x   x 2  x  1

Clearly, f (x) is bijective in the given domain and codomain.
We have, f  x   f 1  x   f  x  x  x2  x  1  x 

x2  2 x  1  0   x  12  0  x 1

77.(A) We have, f  x   min  x   x  ,  x    x  or f  x   min  x ,  x

where, {x} is a fractional part of x sketching the graph of f (x)

we see that the curve repeats triangle at unit interval.

Hence, its period is 1.
1
78.(B) Given, f  x   sin 3x  sin 3 x   sin 3x 
3
2 
Let period of sin 3x is T1  , period of sin 3x is T2 
3 3
2
and period of  sin 3 x  is T3  (we know that 2 is the period of  sin x  )
3
LCM of 2 ,  , 2  2
Hence, period of f  x   
HCF of 3, 3, 3 3
sin 2nx sin 2nx 2 sin 2nx
79.(C) We have, f  x   2
  f  x 
1  cos nx 1  cos 2nx 3  cos 2nx
1
2
2  2 
Period of 2 sin 2nx is  and period of 3  cos 2nx is 
2n n 2n n
   
 Period of f (x) is , which is given by    n=6
n 6 n 6

sin 3  x  tan   x 
80.(B) We have, f  x   e
The period of sin 3  x is 1
and let T be the period of tan   x 
 tan   x  T   tan   x 
  x  T   n    x 
T   x  n  x
T=n
 Period of tan   x  is 1. Hence, period of f (x) is 1.

MEQB | Solutions 15 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

Functions-Miscellaneous Exercise - 2 Level - 1

81.(D) f : (–, –1] (0, e5)

3  3x  2 3  3x  2
f  x  ex 

 f   x   3x 2  3 e x

x3  3 x  2
But  x    ,  1 , f   x   3  x  1 e 2
 0 [Equality occurs at x = –1]
  f (x) is increasing function.
Hence mapping is one-one [ f  (x)  0]
For all inputs in x (–, –1] ; outputs (0, e4] which is subset of codomain
Hence mapping is into ( Range  codomain)
Note : You must have seen similar question in Illustrations.
n 1 
; n is odd 
 2 
82.(C) f  n     : N I
 n ; n is even 
 2 
 If n is odd natural no., n – 1 is non-negative even integer.
n 1
  non-negative integers {zero and positive integers}
2
n
 If n is even ;  I  (Negative integers)
2
 Range of f (n) I is same as Codomain  Mapping is Onto.
 If n is odd, it provides distinct non-negative integers.
 If n is even, it provides distinct negative integers.
 mapping is one-one.
Hence mapping is one-one and onto.

83.(B) (a) Two inputs are possible for one output.

Hence mapping is not injective.
(b) As for every output, there is one input only.
Hence mapping is injective.

(c) Between x (4, 5) ; two inputs give one output

4 x12  3 x1  5 4 x22  3x2  5

(d) Let f (x1) = f (x2)  
4  3x1  5x12 4  3x2  5 x22

4 x12  3 x1  5 4 x22  3x2  5

 1  1
4  3x1  5x12 4  3x2  5 x22



9 x12  1  

9 x22  1 
4  3x1  5x12 4  3x2  5 x22
Hence (x2 – x1) [3x1 x2 + 3 – x1 – x2] = 0  x1 = x2 or 3x1 x2 + 3 – x1 – x2 = 0 i.e. x1 = x2 is not the only case
Hence mapping is many-one.

MEQB | Solutions 16 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

84.(B) f : (–, 3)  B ; f (x) = – x2 + 6x – 8

From graph, mapping is injective.
It is given, mapping is bijective.
Hence range (–, 1]  Codomain
 B = (–, 1]

xa
85.(A) f : R – {b}  R ; f  x  
xb
Clearly, mapping is injective. (see graph)
But mapping is not surjective as [range R {1}  codamain ]
Hence, mapping is injective but not surjective.

86.(A) f : N  N ; f (n) = n – (–1)n

If n is even ; f  n   n  1 i.e. odd 
 all-natural numbers
If n is odd ; f  n   n  1 i.e. even 
Hence mapping is onto.
Also, mapping is one-one as for every output, there is only one input in domain.
Hence mapping is one-one and onto.

87.(C) Number of bijections = 106 !

n
88.(B) Number of surjections = 2n  2C1  2  1  2 n  2

89.(C) Number of injections = 4 C3  3!  24

1/ 7
4
90.(A) y  1   x  3  ;  3,       , 1
 
1/ 7
As  x  3 4  0  x   3,    
4
1   x  3   1  1   x  3 4  1
 
 range = Codomain
Hence mapping is surjective.

Also, f (x1) = f (x2)  [1 – (x1 – 3)4]1/7 = [1 – (x2 – 3)4]1/7  1 – (x1 – 3)4 = 1 – (x2 – 3)4

 [(x1 – 3) – (x2 – 3)] [(x1 – 3) + (x2 – 3)] [(x1 – 3)2 + (x2 – 3)2] = 0

 x1 = x2 or x1 + x2 = 6 ; (x1 – 3)2 + (x2 – 3)2 = 0  x1 = x2 or x1 + x2 = 6 ; or x1 = 3 ; x2 = 3

x1 + x2 = 6 can occur only for x1 = 3 and x2 = 3 as x1, x2 3 [ Domain x [3, )]

Hence mapping is injective.

Combing both, we can say that mapping is bijective. Hence Inverse exists.
1/ 7 x y 1/ 7 1/ 4
4 4
y  1   x  3 
 
 x  1   y  3 
yx  
 x 7  1   y  3
4
 y  3  1  x7  
f –1(x) = 3 + (1 – x7)1/4 ; (– , 1]  [3, )

MEQB | Solutions 17 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

91.(D) 
A   x1 , x2 , x3 , . . . . xm  ; B  y1 , y2 , . . . . . , yn 
For one input x1 ; outputs can deal in n C0  n C1  n C2  . . . . .  n Cn  2n ways
[or think as x1 can have

Similar is valid for x2 , x3 , ......................,xn

Hence no. of relations = (2n) (2n) . . . . . . m times = 2mn

But only once it will happen that x1 has no output, also x2 has no output, . . . . . , xn has no output.

Hence number of ways = 2mn – 1.

x2  3x  6
92.(A) f : R  R ; f  x  
x2  x  1

x2 + 3x + 6 > 0 and x2 + x + 1 > 0 f (x) > 0

 Range  codomain  Hence mapping is Into.

Let f (x1) = f (x2)

x12  3x1  6 x22  3x2  6

 1   1    2 x1  5  x22  x2  1   2 x2  5   x12  x1  1
x12  x1  1 x22  x2  1

  x2  x1   2 x1 x2  3  5 x1  5 x2   0  x1  x2 is not the only case.

Hence mapping is many-one and Into.

x 2  ax  1
93.(D) y 2
  y  1 x 2   y  a  x   y  1  0
x  x 1
As x  R ; D  0  (y – a)2 – 4(y – 1)2  0  3y2 + 2(a – 4)y – (a2 – 4)  0 
 As codomain = Range [ It is onto mapping]
 y Real
 But the given curve opens upward, hence no value of a exists for which 3y2 + 2(a – 4)y – (a2 – 4 )  0
xR
 2   2
94.(C) A  x :  x  ; B   y :  1  y  1
 5 5 
  2 
f  x   cos  5x  2   cos 5  x  
  5 
2
The function f (x) is periodic with period
5
Clearly mapping is one-one
Also, Range = codomain = [–1, 1]
Hence, mapping is one-one and onto.

MEQB | Solutions 18 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

95.(B) f (x) = 4x + 4| x | ; R  R
x
2 . 4 ; x  0 
f (x) =  
x x
 4  4 ; x  0 
 Mapping is not one - one as for one output, there can be two inputs.
Also, {range = [2,)]} {Codomain = R}  Mapping is not Onto.
 Hence mapping is neither one - one nor Onto

96.(D) f (x) = x + x2 ; RR

0 ; x  0 
f (x) =  
 2x ; x  0
Clearly mapping is not injective as y = 0  x < 0
Also {range = [0, )]  {Codomain = R}Mapping is not surjective

97.(A) f : (–, 2]  (–  4] ; f (x) = 4x –x2

Clearly  x  (– , 2], one output has only one corresponding input.  Mapping is injective
Also, range = Codomain  Mapping is surjective
Combining both, we can say that mapping is bijective.
Hence Inverse exists
x y
y = 4 x – x2  x = 4y – y2  y2 – 4y + x = 0
y x

4  16  4 x
y 2 4 x
2
 y2 4  x ; (– , 4]  (–, 2] [ Reject + ve sign as y  2]

98.(B) For all inputs, x  Rational  g(x) = 0 (Rational)  f(g(x)) = 0

For all inputs, x  Irrational  g(x) = x (Irrational)  f(g(x)) = 0
 f (g(x)) = 0  x  R

Hence function f (g (x)) is neither one - one nor Onto

   
99.(B) g ( f (x)) = (sinx + cosx)2 – 1 = sin2x is invertible  x   , 
 4 4
x 1
100.(B) y   1 ;
x 1 1 x
Clearly mapping is injective. (See figure)
But mapping is not onto as
{range = [0, 1)}  {Codomain = [0, )}

MEQB | Solutions 19 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

101.(D) f (x) = (x + 1)2  x  –1

Consider Codomain = [0, )
x y
y = (x + 1)2  x = (y + 1)2
y x

y+1=  x ; y  –1

Hence, y = –1 + x is the inverse  [Reject –ve sign as y  –1]

102.(A) f (x) = 2x + sinx ; R  R

f (x) = 2 + cosx > 0  x  R. Hence mapping is injective.
As x  – , f (x)  – and x  , f (x)    Hence mapping is surjective
As mapping is one - one and onto, hence mapping is bijective.
1
103.(A) f (x) = x  ; [1, )  [2, )
x
Steps to sketch graph
(i) odd function [ Replace x by – x]

(ii) As x  , f (x)   ; x  0, f (x)  

1
(iii) f (x) = 1 – 2  0  x = ± 1
x
Clearly, {Range = [2,)} = {Codomain[2, )}
Hence mapping is surjective.
Also,  x [1, ), there is one - one correspondence.
Hence mapping is injective.
Hence mapping is bijective i.e. inverse exists.

1 x y 1 x x2  4
yx  x y  y2 –xy + 1 = 0  y  ; [2, )  [1, )
x y  x y 2

x  x2  4
As now codomain  [1, )  y is the only possible case.
2
 2x 
104.(A) f : (–1, 1)  B ; f (x) = tan1 
 1  x 2 
 
   
Clearly Codomain = Range for mapping to be surjective. i.e.  2 , 2 B
 

MEQB | Solutions 20 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

105.(D) f (x) = sinx – 3 cosx + 1 ; R  S

 
= 2sin  x   + 1  Range = [–2 + 1, 2 + 1] = [–1, 3]
 3
Range = Codomain [ mapping is surjective]  S = [–1, 3]
106.(C) f ( g (x)) = sin (x)2 = sin x2.
107.(A) Inverse of an odd function is an odd function and if function is decreasing, its inverse is also decreasing.
Ex :

108.(D) f : R  R ; g : R  R

Such that g can give output c for f (x) = b

and f (x) = as g is not given to be injective.
Similarly, fog and gog can be ruled out

Such that fof can give output c only

for f (x) = b which is possible only for x = a.
Hence fof is injective too.
Note : fofo .......... n times is also injective provided f is injective.

3
109.(ABCD) f (x) = 2x – sinx ; g (x) = x ; f (x) = 2 – cosx >  x  R
Hence mapping f (x) is injective [ f(x) is increasing]
From graph, g (x) is also injective
g (f (x)) = 3 2x  sin x
As x  –  ; (2x – sinx)1/3  – and x   ; (2x – sinx)1/3  
  g ( f (x)) has range R  Hence g ( f (x)) is onto.
Also g ( f (x)) is increasing too, hence g ( f (x)) is one one
x    ; f ( x)    
Also, g (x) has Range = R ; f (x) has range = R  
x   ; f ( x)   
Hence, f (x) and g (x) are also surjective [Both hold Range = Codomain]

MEQB | Solutions 21 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

110.(C) y = x – [ x] = { x } is not inective in R, hence inverse does not exist.

 
111.(BCD) f (x) = tan–1(x2 + x + a)  0,  if x2 + x + a  0 x  R
 2
1 1 1
 1 – 4a  0  a  Hence a  , , 1
4 4 2
112.(A) f (x) = x2 – x + 1

Let’s find the inverse of f (x)

1  1  4(1  x)
x = y2 – y + 1  y2 – y + (1– x) = 0  y
2
1 3  1
y  x  Reject – ve sign as y  
2 4  2

1 3
Hence f (x) = x2 – x + 1 and g ( x)   x are inverse of each other.
2 4
Hence, solve y = f (x) with y = x line
 (x2 – x + 1) = x  (x – 1)2 = 0  x=1
1  1 2
113.(C) We have, 1  log 2  x 2   1  21  x 2 1  x2  4  x  2,  1  1, 2 
2  2
1 x  x  1 1
114.(A) 
 
2 2 ( x  2) ( x  3)
[ x]  [ x ]  6 x x6
As we require [x]2 – [x] – 6 > 0
 x  (–, –2)  [4, )

MEQB | Solutions 22 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

115.(A) 1 – log10 (x2 –5x + 16) > 0  log10(x2 – 5x + 16) < 1  x2 – 5x + 16 < 10
 x2 – 5x + 6 < 0  (x – 2) (x – 3) < 0  x  (2, 3)

Note : x2 – 5x + 16 > 0  x  R as D < 0

Hence domain is x  (2, 3)

116.(B) x ( x  1)  0
 x  (–, –1]  [0, )

and 1  x2  x  1  1  0  x2 + x + 1  1  x2 + x  0  x [–1, 0]
Intersection of above two gives x = –1, 0
 1
117.(B) f ( x )  log 1  x    log 2 4 x 2  4 x  5
2 
2
1
x  0 and 4x2 – 4x + 5 > 0 is true  x  R as D < 0
2
1 
Hence on combining above two, x   ,  
2 
1
118.(C) a f (x) + g (x) = 0 ; a > 0, g (x) 
2
(a f (x) > 0) (exponential nature) and g(x)  1/2  af(x) + g(x)  0 for any value of x.
Hence No solution.
x
119.(C) f (x) = x + 2 ; x  (4, 6) [ x (4, 6)   (2, 3)]
2
Function is linear with x (4, 6)  {Range = (6, 8)} = {CoDomain (6, 8)}
 Mapping is surjective.
Also, linearity implies one - one mapping.
 Hence mapping is bijective
y=x+2 x=y+2  f –1(x) = x –2; (6, 8)  (4, 6)

120.(A) f (ex) is defined if 0 < ex < 1  x  (–, 0)

f (n | x |) is defined if 0 < n | x | < 1  x  (–e, –1)  (1, e)
On combining ; x  ( –e, –1)
10  10 x
x
y
121.(A) y  1  102 x   0  y  (0, 2)
10 x  10 x 2 y
Hence Range = Codomain  Mapping is Onto.
10 x1  10 x1 10 x2  10 x2
f ( x1 )  f ( x2 )  1 1
10 x1  10 x1 10 x2  10 x2

MEQB | Solutions 23 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

102 x1 102 x2
 2 x1
 2 x2
 102 x1  102 x2  x1  x2
10 1 10 1
Hence Mapping is Injective
10 x  10 x 2  10 x x y 2  102 y
 Hence Inverse Exists y  1  x 
10 x  10 x 10 x  10 x y x
102 y  1
1 x
 102y (x – 2) = –x  y log10 ;  0, 2   R
2 2 x

Functions-Miscellaneous Exercise - 2 Level - 2

122.(B) f (x) = log3 (4 – 2 –x ) ; A  B

For mapping to exist, 4 – 2–x > 0  x (–2, )
As 2 –x (0, 4)
 4 – 2 –x (0, 4)  3f (x) (0, 4)
 f (x)  ( – , log34)
Range = codamain [ surjective]
 codomain = (– , log3 4)  {x R : –2 < x < } ; B = {y R : –  < y < log3 4}
123.(B)
2 2
f  x    x    x  1  3   x    x   2 ; R  R
 x  x
y  x2  x  2
From graph, mapping is many one.

Also range  Codomain. Hence mapping is many-one and Into.

124.(B) f (x) = 2x (x – 1) [1, ) [1, )  f   x  = (2x – 1) 2x (x – 1)

For allx [1, ) ; f (x) > 0, hence f (x) is increasing.
Hence, it is injective mapping.
Also,  x [1, ) ; f (x) [21 (1 – 1), ) = [1, ) = Codomain
Hence, it is surjective mapping. Hence mapping is bijective i.e., inverse exists.
x  x 1 x y y  y 1
y2  x  2  y 2  y  log x  0 ; 1,   1, 
2    
y x

1  1  4 log 2 x
 y
2
1  1  4 log2 x
But y  1  y is the only answer
2

MEQB | Solutions 24 Functions

 Vidyamandir Classes

2 2
e x  e x 2 2 2 2
125.(B) f ( x )  ;RR  ye x  ye  x  e x  e  x
x2  x2
e e
2 2 2 y 1
 ( y  1) e x  (1  y )e  x  e2 x   0  y  (1, 1)
1 y
Hence mapping is Into
Also, mapping is many - one as x = ± k have same output because f (x) is even function.

126.(BCD)

(A) sin(sin–1x) = x
From Graph, function is Onto.
2 2    
(B) Also, sin 1 (sin x)  x as [1,1]   , 
   2 2
 2 2 
Range =  ,   Codomain
 
 x ; x  0
 
(C) [sgn(x)]nex = x sgn (x) =  0 ; x  0
x ; x0
 
Range  Codomain
 x 3 ; x  0 
 
(D) x3sgn(x) =  0 ; x  0
 3 ; x  0
x 
Range = [0, 1]  Codomain

127.(A) f (x) = 3x2 + 6x + 4 + acosx – bsinx

Either f (x)  0 or f (x)  0 for one - one function
a
3x2 + 6x + 4 + a cosx – b sinx  0  3(x + 1)2 + 1  – a 2  b2 cos(x + ) where  = cos–1
a  b2
2

Min(LHS)  Max(RHS)

 0 + 1   a 2  b2  (–1)  a2 + b2  1 Hence maximum value of f (x) is 1.

 
1
128.(D) y 
x12  x 9  x 4  x  1
for all x < 0 ; we have x9 < 0 and x < 0  x12 – x9 + x4 –x + 1 > 0
for all x > 1 ; x12 > x9 and x4 > x  (x12 – x9) + (x4 –x) + 1 > 0
for all x  (0, 1] ; x9 < x12 and x > x4  x12 – x9 + x4 – x < 0
But this value lies between (–1, 0]
Hence x12 – x9 + x4 – x + 1 > 0
 Combining, we get : domain is x  R

MEQB | Solutions 25 Functions