University Of Technology

.Biomedical Engineering Dept

Electricity Laboratory
Semester 2

Experimental Title: R L C series circuits

By:

Group – -

Supervised By

2021 1443
 R L C series circuits
RLC circuit is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor (R), an
inductor (L), and a capacitor (C), connected in series or in parallel.

Object:
 To study the characteristics of ac circuits.

Apparatus:
1. Dual beam oscilloscope.
2. Function generator.
3. Resistance box.
4. Capacitance box.
5. Inductance box.
6. Coaxial cable.
7. Connecting wires.

Theory:
Impedance is the gauge of opposition a circuit presents to current
each time a voltage is applied. In a more quantitative sense, it is the
ratio of voltage to current within alternating current.
The Series RC Circuit
An ac RC circuit consists of an ac voltage source, a capacitor and a
resistor. There are a few important equations used to solve RC
circuits.
The Series RL Circuit
An ac RL circuit consists of an ac voltage source, an inductor and a
resistor. There are a few equations used to solve RL circuits.
The Series RLC Circuit
An ac RLC circuit consists of an ac voltage source, an inductor, a
capacitor and a resistor.
Procedure:
1 For an RC circuit connection, we connect the circuit and we set up
the following: VP = 10 volts and F = 50 Hz
2 For an RL circuit connection, we connect the circuit and we set up
the following VP = 10 volts and F = 50 Hz
3 For an RLC circuit connection, we connect the circuit and we set up
the following R = 500Ω, VP = 10 volts and F = 300Hz

Results:
1 calculate the phase shift between current and voltage both
theoretically and practically.

Θ= t Capacitance Resistance
Θ= × 360 °
−1 −1 T
tan
2 πFRC (

-84.4 -84.2 0.3125 1000

-78.9 -81.2 0.625 1000
-68.6 -69.7 1.25 1000
-51.9 -55.2 2.5 1000
-32.5 -34.8 5 1000
-51.9 -49.4 5 500
-68.6 -69.7 5 250
-78.9 -75.5 5 125
-84.4 -81.0 5 62.5
-87.2 -90.0 5 31.25
2 calculate the phase shift between current and voltage both
theoretically and practically.

−1 2 πFL t Inductance Resistance

Θ = tan Θ= × 360 °
R T

17.4 20.3 100 100

32.1 31.9 200 100
51.5 46.5 400 100
68.3 72.0 800 100
78.7 78.4 1600 100
68.3 72.6 1600 200
51.5 52.3 1600 400
32.1 34.8 1600 800
17.4 23.2 1600 1600
8.9 8.7 1600 3200

3 calculate the phase shift between current and voltage both

theoretically and practically.
 1 t Capacitance Inductance
2 πFL− Θ= × 360 °
Θ= 2 πFC T
R

59.1 59.2 5 500

52.3 48.8 5 400
42.6 41.8 5 300
28.4 31.4 5 200
9.4 9.6 5 100
6.4 7.8 4 100
1.3 4.2 3 100
-2.7 -1.7 2.5 100
-25.3 -21.8 1.25 100
-52.9 -51.4 0.625 100

Discussion:
1. Explain why the phasor and the impedance have the same
angle?
The impedance phase angle for any component is the phase shift
between the voltage across that component and current through
that component.
2. At what condition are the following results obtained?
a. Phase angle equal zero.
The phase angle will be zero when the frequency of the two
quantities is the same so the angular velocity, ω must also be the
same.
b. The applied voltage leads the current by 90°.
If there is only an inductor present, then the applied voltage leads
the current by 90°.
c. The average power equal to zero.
In a purely inductive or a purely capacitive circuit that contains
reactance, (X) the current will lead or lag the voltage by exactly 90°
3. In general, how would the phasor diagram of Figure 2.1 change
if the frequency was raised?
 1
The formula for capacitive reactance is XC = 2 πFC So, if frequency
increases, capacitive reactance XC decreases and so the phasor angle
on the diagram will increase.