Higher Technological Institute

Electrical Engineering Department

Principle of Electrical Engineering

LECTURE NO. 1

By

Assoc. Prof .Dr. Mohamed A. Enany

http://www.marefaee.faculty.zu.edu.eg/
http://www.marefaee.faculty.zu.edu.eg/
http://www.marefaee.faculty.zu.edu.eg/
 Course References
 James W. Nilsson, and Susan A. Riedel “Electric circuits”,

Ninth Edition, Prentice Hall ,2011.

 Mahmood Navi, and Joseph A. Edminster, “Schaums

Outline of Theory and Problems of Electric Circuits”, Fourth

Edition, McGRAW-HILL 2003

 Course Outlines

 Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

 Chapter (2) Techniques of DC Circuit Analysis

 Chapter (3) Techniques of AC Circuit Analysis

 Chapter (4) AC Power Calculation

 Chapter (1)

Electric Circuit Basics

Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Electric Circuit is an interconnection of electrical elements
in which electrical energy is converting to another form of
energy .

 The electrical elements are classified into two types; An

Active element & Passive elements
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Active elements are electrical elements which are able to
supply energy to the network. Such as Voltage and Current
Sources
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Active elements can be classified into two types:

1- Ideal voltage source is a circuit element that maintains

a prescribed voltage across (V, v, Voltage) its terminals
regardless of the current flowing in those terminals

2- Ideal current source is a circuit element that maintains

a prescribed current (I, i, Ampere) through its terminals
regardless of the voltage across those terminals
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Active elements can be classified into two types:

Ideal voltage source & Ideal current source may be AC or DC

• 1- DC Sources
• Current & Voltage that remains constant with time is called
Direct Current (DC Source)
• Such current & voltage is represented by the capital I &V,
• A common source of DC is a battery.
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Active elements can be classified into two types:

Ideal voltage source & Ideal current source may be AC or DC

• 2- AC Sources
• Current & Voltage that varies sinusoidally with time is called
Alternating Current (AC) (AC Source)
• Such current & voltage is represented by the lowercase, i &v.
Mains power (Sockets) is an example of AC
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive elements are electrical elements which take energy
from the sources and either convert it to another form or
store it in an electric or magnetic field Such as Resistor,
Inductor, Capacitor
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive elements

1- Resistor:

 Is an electrical element which take energy from the sources

and convert it to another form (heating)

 Measure by ohm, W, Resistance can be calculated as;

𝜌𝐿
𝑅=
𝐴
𝜌: the resistivity of conductor , W.m ,𝜌 cu =1.8x10-8
𝐿: the length of conductor ,m
𝐴: the cross section area of conductor, m2
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive elements

2- Inductor:

 Is an electrical element which take energy from the sources

and store it in a form of a magnetic field
Measure by Henery, H, Inductance can be calculated as;
𝑁 2𝜇 𝐴
𝐿=
𝑙
𝜇: the permeability of core , H/m ,𝜇 air =4𝜋x10-7
𝑙 : the length of magnetic path ,m 𝑁: No. of turns
𝐴: the cross section area of core, m2
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive elements

3- Capacitor:

 Is an electrical element which take energy from the sources

and store it in a form of a Electric field

 Measured by Farad, F, Capacitance can be calculated as;

𝜖𝐴
𝐶=
𝑑
𝜇: the permittivity of medium , F/m ,ϵair =10-9/36𝜋
𝑑 : the distance between two plates, m
𝐴: the cross section area of plate, m2
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Ohm’ S Law
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Power
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 KIRCHHOFF’S LAWs
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 KIRCHHOFF’S LAWs
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive Elements Connections
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive Elements Connections
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive Elements Connections
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive Elements Connections
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive Elements Connections
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive Elements Connections
Chapter (1) Electric Circuit Basics

Electric Circuit Basics

 Passive Elements Connections