Republic of the Philippines

ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

City of Ilagan Campus

College of Engineering, Architecture and Technology

Department of Engineering

Department of Electrical Engineering

1st Semester, SY 2022-2023

ENGINEERING UTILITIES 1
CE-313

MAGNETIC CIRCUITS AND UNITS OF MAGNETISM

TITLE

GROUP 07: REPORT

ALCESTO, HAROLD T. Remarks:

CALAUNAN,MYCAH LORAINE A.
CARUNCHO, JAMAICA
Students
BSCE 3-B

ENGR. JEAN CLAUDE M. BENITEZ, RME

Instructor
OBJECTIVES

At the end of this report,students are expected to:

 Become aware of the similarities between the analysis of
magnetic circuits and electric circuits.
 Develop a clear understanding of the important parameters
of a magnetic circuit and how to find each quantity for a
variety of magnetic circuit configurations.
 Learn the units of magnetism

INTRODUCTION

Magnetic and electromagnetic effects play an important role in the design of a wide
variety of electrical/electronic systems in use today. Motors, generators, transformers,
loudspeakers, relays, medical equipment and movements of all kinds depend
on magnetic effects to function properly.

A magnetic circuit is made up of one or more closed loop paths containing a magnetic
flux. The flux is usually generated by permanent magnets or electromagnets and confined
to the path by magnetic cores consisting of ferromagnetic materials like iron, although
there may be air gaps or other materials in the path.

Uses of Magnetic Circuits

Magnetic circuits are employed to efficiently channel magnetic fields in many devices
such as electric motors, generators, transformers, relays, lifting electromagnets, SQUIDs,
galvanometers, and magnetic recording heads. It is also used in bank ATM cards, library
cards, etc.

Some examples of magnetic circuits are:

 horseshoe magnet with iron keeper (low-reluctance circuit)

 horseshoe magnet with no keeper (high-reluctance circuit)

 electric motor (variable-reluctance circuit)

 some types of pickup cartridge (variable-reluctance circuits)

 SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES OF MAGNETIC AND ELECTRIC
CIRCUITS

MAGNETOMOTIVE FORCE

The magnet pressure which sets up in a magnetic circuit is called magnetomotive

force or mmf

MAGNETIC FLUX

Magnetic flux is defined as the number of magnetic field lines passing through a
given closed surface. It provides the measurement of the total magnetic field that
passes through a given surface area.

MAGNETIC FLUX DENSITY

Magnetic flux density(B) is defined as the force acting per unit current per unit
length on a wire placed at right angles to the magnetic field.

B = µH

B is the magnetic flux density, µ is the magnetic permeability, H is the magnetic

field strength
RELUCTANCE

Magnetic reluctance, or magnetic resistance, is a concept used in the analysis of

magnetic circuits. It is defined as the ratio of magnetomotive force to magnetic flux.
It represents the opposition to magnetic flux, and depends on the geometry and
composition of an object.

PERMEABILITY

The ability of a material to conduct magnetic lines of force though it.

AIR GAP

An air gap is a non-magnetic part of a magnetic circuits and it is usually connected

magnetically in series with the rest of the circuit. This allows a substantial part of
the magnetic flux flows through the gap

SERIES-PARALLEL MAGNETIC CIRCUITS

As one might expect, the close analogies between electric and magnetic circuits
eventually lead to series-parallel magnetic circuits. In fact, the electric circuit analogy
will prove helpful in defining the procedure to follow toward a solution.

Series Magnetic Circuit

When the same magnetic flux ψ flows through each part of the magnetic circuit, then the
circuit is called as series magnetic circuit.The Series Magnetic Circuit is defined as the
magnetic circuit having a number of parts of different dimensions and materials carrying
the same magnetic field

Parallel Magnetic Circuit

A magnetic circuit having two or more than two paths for the magnetic flux is called
a parallel magnetic circuit. Its behaviour can be compared to the parallel electric circuit.
The parallel magnetic circuit contains different dimensional areas and materials having
various numbers of paths.
 SUMMARY

A magnetic circuit is made up of one or more closed loop paths containing a

magnetic flux.Magnetic circuits are employed to efficiently channel magnetic fields in
many devices such as electric motors, generators, transformers, relays, lifting
electromagnets, SQUIDs, galvanometers, and magnetic recording heads. It is also used in
bank ATM cards, library cards, etc.

SIMPLE DEFINIFIONS OF THE SUBTOPICS

 Permeability is amount of magnetic field intensity required to produce a given flux

density for a given material.
 Magnetic Field is the region around a magnetic material or a moving electric charge
within which the force of magnetism acts.
 Reluctance is the measure of “opposition” the magnetic circuit offers to the flux
 Ohm's law for magnetic circuits states that the MMF is directly proportional to the
magnetic flux whereas reluctance is the constant of proportionality.
 The force exerted by a magnet which is determined by the sum of all lines of
magnetic flux present in a magnetic field.
 Magnetic flux is a measurement of the total magnetic field which passes through a
given area
 An air gap is a non-magnetic part of a magnetic circuits and it is usually connected
magnetically in series with the rest of the circuit

REFERENCES

https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1Cosj9XyzoD0S_gisRXbzDXLrm3ErfW4T?fbclid
=IwAR3B3z4Xx9qavFuN74abcZNGl44lnrbHYdtVU1BluwvANELIwk6-wpTPybM

https://www.tutorialspoint.com/magnetic-circuit-series-and-parallel-magnetic-circuit

https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-series-magnetic-circuit.html

https://circuitglobe.com/what-is-parallel-magnetic-circuit.html