Project On

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
SUNDARHARAINCHA MUNICIPALITY, MORANG

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN REPORT

Owner: - Mrs. Gita Karki

Address:- Sundarharaincha Municipality-07

Submitted By Submitted To
RIBE CONSULTANCY SUNDARHARAINCHA MUNICIPALITY
Er. Sabin Budhathoki (N.E.C. No:- 14496 Civil “A” )
Sundarharaincha Municipality-12, Morang, Nepal
Phone No. 9846287626 / 9801557587
Email: ajconsult65@gmail.com,

Karthik 30,2079
 Structural Analysis and Design Report of Residential Building

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

1) Introduction………………………………………………………………………..…1
2) Building Design parameters……………………………………………………….....2
2.1) Building Design parameters………………………………………………….….3
2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade……………………………………………………......3
2.3) Soil Properties………………………………………………………………..….3
2.4) Other Design Parameters………………………………………………….....….3
2.5) Notes………………………………………………………………………….....3
3) Loads on Structures……………………………………………………….........……5
3.1) Dead Load ……………………………………………………….......................5
3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads ………………………………………….....…....6
3.3) Seismic Load …...................................................................................................6
PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN…….…………….…….….……7
4) Modeling……………………………………………………………………..………8
5) Analysis……………………………………………………………..………………10
5.1) Load Cases……………………………………………………..………………10
5.2) Load Combinations…...…………………………………………..……………10
6) Design…………………………………………………………………..…………...11
7) Detailing of the Structural Elements……………………………………..………….11
PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN RESULTS...…....12
8) Sample Analysis Results…………………………………………………………....12
9) Sample Designs………………………………………………………………..……12
9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams…………………………………….….13
9.2) Sample Design of Slab…………………………………………………….…...16
9.3) Sample Design of Isolated Footing/Eccentric ……………………………..…...19
10) Design Summary…………………………………………………………................24
10.1) Column Design Summary………………………………………………..…...24
10.2) Beam Design Summary………………………………………………..……...24
10.3) Slab Design Summary ……………………………………..............................24
10.4) Footing Design Summary………………………………………………...…...24

PART IV: ANNEXES, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES ….....................................25

11) Annexes………………………………………………………………………..…....25
12) Conclusion……………………………………………………………………..……31
13) References……………………………………………………………………..……32
PART I: GENERAL DATA AND LOAD CALCULATION

1) Introduction
The basic aim of structural design calculation is to build a structure, which is safe fulfilling the
intended purpose during its estimated life span, economical in terms of initial and maintenance cost,
durable and maintaining a good aesthetic appearance. A building is considered to be
structurally sound if each and every individual elements of the building satisfy the criteria of
strength, stability, and serviceability besides the requirement of ductility and energy absorption
capability in seismic prone areas. To make a building structurally sound, it is very important that the
structural designer is consulted before its construction. The structural engineer, then works out the
structural schemes and also gives the sizes of the structural members like beam, column,slab, etc. A
building needs to be designed for all loads acting on it. Detailed structural designs are carried out
and working drawings are to be prepared. Safety is the prime concern of the structural design.
Serviceability and economy are other basic requirements that need to be considered during
structural designing. The building should be designed not only for vertical loads but also for
horizontal loads such as wind and earthquake loads. The structural designer has to take care of the
safety of the building against the loads mentioned above. He is concernedin designing both
superstructure and the substructure of the building. A building must be strong enough to transfer all
the loads acting on it safely to the ground. It should be able to withstand all loads acting on it.

Nepal lies in seismically active region in the boundary of the two colliding tectonic plates — the
India plates and the Tibetan plates, along which a relative shear strain of about 2 cm per year hasbeen
estimated. The Indian plate is also sub-ducting at a rate of, thought to be, about 3 cm per year. Thus,
Nepal experiences earthquakes frequently. The existence of the Himalayan range with the world's
highest peaks is evidence of continued uplift. Past records of the earthquake shows 19 major
earthquakes have hit Nepal till now. The 1833 and 1934 earthquakes were the most destructive
ones. Recently, we had faced the earthquake of magnitude 7.9 and were also the destructive one
which took the lives of many people and destruction of various infrastructures as well. So, designing
of building against earthquake forces apart from other forces is a must in case of Nepal.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof
against it. Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build. It
would be far cheaper to rebuild the building again instead of making it proof against earthquake.
Hence, the buildings are made seismic resistant rather than seismic proof. According to this
philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake occurs, the building won't collapse although it
may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is ensured that this building has been designed
to withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake making it seismic resistant.

Designing building against earthquake forces does not mean that we are making the building proof
against it. Although, we can design such robust structure, it would be too expensive to build. It
would be far cheaper to rebuild the building again, instead of making it proof against earthquake.
Hence, the buildings are made seismic resistant rather than seismic proof. The mainphilosophy of
seismic design is, therefore, to obtain a "no collapse" structure rather than "no damage" structure.
According to this philosophy, no matter how much severe earthquake occurs, the building won't
collapse although it may be irreparably damaged. In, this background, it is ensured that this

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 building has been designed to withstand all the acting loads including the earthquake making it
seismic resistant.

The structures are generally designed for much lower seismic forces than what it may actually
experience during its life time. Since the structure is expected to undergo damage in the event
of a major earthquake, reliance is placed on the inelastic response of the structure beyond
yield. In order achieve the inelastic behavior; structures have to be ductile and capable of
dissipating energy through inelastic actions. Ductility can be achieved by avoiding brittle
modes of failures. Brittle modes of failures include shear and bond failure. Thus the structures
are designed based on the "Weak beam – Strong Column" philosophy. This can be achieved
by detailing the members as specified in IS 13920:1993 – Ductile Detailing of Reinforced
Concrete Structures Subjected to Seismic Forces.

The structural design alone is not enough to ensure the safety of the building, equally
important is its construction. The role of the contractor is of paramount importance as he is the
one to execute the construction work at the site. He is required to execute the work according
to the drawings supplied by the consultant to him and detailing has to be carefully followed. A
large percentage of failure of the building is attributed to poor quality of construction. Past
experiences from damages have shown that quality of material and workmanship plays an
important role in good seismic behavior of the buildings. Hence, quality assurance in
construction is expected to gain good seismic performance.

This report deals with the methodology of the Structural Analysis and Design of the
Residential Building as per IS Code. The Analysis and design has been done using a
renowned FEM Application ETABS 2018. The detailed method of analysis and design has
been described in subsequent chapters. The design philosophy followed is the Limit State
Design as per IS 456:2000. The detailing for the seismic considerations has been done
following the Indian Standard Code.

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 2) Building Design Parameters

The parameters followed for the structural analysis and design is as follows. The parameters
regarding the main structural materials like concrete and the reinforcement are as follows.

2.1) Architectural and Functional Requirements

Types of building Residential Building
Types of structural system Reinforced Concrete Frame
Number of stories 2.5 Story
Design provision of future extension No
Story Height 3.175 m
Height of parapet wall 1m
Total height of the Building 9.0932 m
External wall/ some internal wall 254 mm
Few internal wall 127 mm
Plaster thickness 12.5 mm

2.2) Concrete and Steel Grade

Cement Ordinary Portland Cement
Grade of concrete M20 for the entire member
Grade of steel Fe500 for both main and shear reinforcement
Young’s Modulus of Elasticity 5000  fck
Poisson’s Ratio 0.20 for concrete and 0.3 for rebar

2.3) Soil Properties

The detailed soil investigation report is not available. So the ground condition of the site is
assumed to be poor with the deposited material at the top and clay of low plasticity at the
bottom.
Allowable Bearing Capacity of the Soil is taken as 130 KN/m2 assuming medium type of soil.

2.4) Other Design Parameters

The other design parameter as loadings, seismic parameters are described in subsequent
chapters. The overall system consists of moment resisting ductile RCC frames and RCC
slabs and RCC shear walls.
The details of the model are as follows.
i. Floor Slabs represented by 127 mm thin shell elements.
ii. Columns are represented by frame elements of 305 mm x 305 mm.
iii. Beams are represented by 254 mm x 381 mm

2.5) Notes

A. GENERAL
1. Read structural drawing in conjunction with architectural drawing. Report any discrepancies
to the site engineer prior to fabrication or construction. Any conflict between specific action &
drawing shall be likewise reported.
2. Contractors shall be responsible for checking field dimension & site conditions.

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 3. Unless otherwise indicated all construction joints shall be roughened joints 5mm (amplitude
minimum 5mm.)
4. No measurement shall be directly taken from the print; written dimension shall be followed.

0B. FOUNDATION
1. Foundation shall be on undisturbed soil.
2. Soil bearing capacities shall be verified in the field notified engineer immediately of any soft
pockets or other adverse soil conditions encountered.
3. The line of slope between adjacent excavations for footing or along stepped footing shall not
exceed a rise 1 in a run of 2.
4. Placing of foundation concrete shall be done as soon as excavations have been completed &
approved by the site Engineer.

C. CONCRETE & REINFORCING STEEL

1. Cast-in-situ concrete shall have a minimum 28 days compressive cube strength of 20 N/mm2
for column and 20 N/mm2 for other structural member.
2. Reinforcing steel shall be new TMT steel bars having a minimum yield strength of 500
N/mm2 for column, 500 N/mm2 for other structure & conforming to be 1786:1979 or is
1139:1963.
3. Minimum reinforcing laps shall be in accordance with is 1786:1979 & as specified on
structural drawing.
4. Cover to main reinforcing steel be in accordance with is 456:1978 & as specified on
Structural drawing.
5. Clear cover of concrete:-
Slab 20 mm
Staircase 20 mm
Beam 25 mm
Column 40 mm
Footing 50 mm
RCC wall 20 mm
6. Plumbing, slots, holes, around pipes ducts or other items which pass through Concrete slab
or wall shall be filled & patched to the same depths as the slab or wall.
7. Unless otherwise indicated all horizontal & vertical construction joints shall be Roughened
joints with 5 mm minimum amplitude.
8. The cement used shall be ordinary Portland cement conforming to IS 269:1976.
9. Bar bending schedule shall be submitted for approval before casting concrete.
10. Development Length for TMT Steel Bar for M20

DIA TENSION (Ex. Beam) COMPRESSION (Ex. Column)

8 453 mm 363 mm
10 566 mm 453 mm
12 680 mm 544 mm
16 906 mm 725 mm
20 1020 mm 906 mm
25 1416 mm 1133 mm

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3) Loads on Structures
The following Loads were assumed to occur in Structural System.
 Dead Load
 Live Load
 Seismic Load

3.1) Dead Load

Dead Load on the structure comprises the self-weight of the structural members (like beam,
columns, slab and staircase), weight of the floor finishes, weight of external and partition walls,
weight of parapet wall, weight of water tank and weight of others that significantly effects the
behavior of structural members.

ETABS 2018 considers self-weight of assigned members so no need to calculate load from self-
weight of beam, slab and columns. But the self-weight of staircase calculated manually and will be
assigned on the corresponding members.

The weight of building materials is taken as per IS 875(Part 1)-1987.

From IS 875(Part 1) – 1987
Unit wt. of RCC = 25 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Cement mortar = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit wt. of cement plaster = 20.4 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Brick masonry = 19 KN/m3
Unit wt. of Marble = 26.7 KN/m3
DL from two-inch cement mortar = 0.05*20.4 = 1.02 KN/m3
DL of tile flooring = 0.23 KN/m3
Total finishing load on tile floor = 1.23 KN/m3  1.5 KN/m3

Assuming Exterior Wall thickness of 254 mm (10”) without opening.

Load = 0.254 * (3.2-0.4)*19 = 13.51 KN/m
Considering half inch plaster on internal side of wall = 20.4*2.8*0.0125
= 0.71 KN/m
Total Wall Load =14.22 KN/m  14.3 KN/m

While deducting 30 % for openings

Load = 14.3 * 0.7 = 10.01 KN/m  10 KN/m

ii) Partition wall of thickness of 127 mm (5”) without opening.

Load = 7.25 KN/m
While deducting 30 % for openings
Load = 7.25 * 0.7 = 5.075 KN/m  5.1 KN/m

iii) Parapet wall of height 1 m,

DL = 0.12*1*18 = 2.1 KN/m  2.0 KN/m
Plaster load on parapet wall = 20.4*1*0.025 =0.5 KN/m
Total wall Load =2.5 KN/m

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3.2) Live Loads or Imposed Loads (For Residential Building)
From IS: 875 (Part 2) – 1987

a) All Rooms and kitchen = 2 KN/m2

b) Toilet and bath rooms = 2 KN/m2
c) Corridors, passages, staircases
including fire escapes and store rooms = 3 KN/m2
d) Balconies = 3 KN/m2

3.3) Seismic Loads

From IS: 1893 - 2002

Fundamental Natural Period

The approximate fundamental natural period of vibration (Ta) in seconds, of moment-resisting
frame buildings without brick infill panels, may be estimated by the empirical expression:
Ta = 0.075*h0.75 (Cl. 7.6.2)
Where,
h = Height of Building in meter. This excludes the basement story, where basement walls are
connected with the ground floor deck or fitted between the building columns. But it includes the
basement story, when they are not so connected.

IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eq X according to IS 1893:2016, as
calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5

Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1

Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Sa Sa
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS 6.4.2] = 2.5 = 2.5
g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

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Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
X 0.423 2309.4826 207.8534
X + Ecc. Y 0.423 2309.4826 207.8534
X - Ecc. Y 0.423 2309.4826 207.8534

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.0932 31.6166 0
Story2 6.35 125.4415 0
Story 1 3.175 50.7953 0
Base 0 0 0

IS 1893:2016 Auto Seismic Load Calculation

This calculation presents the automatically generated lateral seismic loads for load pattern Eq Y according to IS 1893:2016, as
calculated by ETABS.

Direction and Eccentricity

Direction = Multiple

Eccentricity Ratio = 5% for all diaphragms

Structural Period

Period Calculation Method = Program Calculated

Factors and Coefficients

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Seismic Zone Factor, Z [IS Table 3] Z = 0.36

Response Reduction Factor, R [IS Table 9] R=5

Importance Factor, I [IS Table 8] I=1

Site Type [IS Table 1] = II

Seismic Response

Sa Sa
Spectral Acceleration Coefficient, Sa /g [IS 6.4.2] = 2.5 = 2.5
g g

Equivalent Lateral Forces

Sa
ZI
Seismic Coefficient, Ah [IS 6.4.2] g
Ah =
2R

Calculated Base Shear

Period Used W Vb
Direction
(sec) (kN) (kN)
Y 0.465 2309.4826 207.8534
Y + Ecc. X 0.465 2309.4826 207.8534
Y - Ecc. X 0.465 2309.4826 207.8534

Applied Story Forces

Story Elevation X-Dir Y-Dir

m kN kN
Story3 9.0932 0 31.6166
Story2 6.35 0 125.4415
Story 1 3.175 0 50.7953
Base 0 0 0

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PART II: 3D MODELLING, ANALYSIS AND DESIGN
4) Modeling
The massive data inputs, design analysis, calculations and outputs of the result are computer
aided by the Structural analysis and design software called ETABS 2018, which is a special
purpose computer program developed specifically for building structures. It provides the
Structural Engineer with all the tools necessary to create, modify, analyze, design, and
optimize the structural elements in a building model.

A three dimensional linear elastic analysis has been carried out. Since this is Special Moment
Resisting Frame structure, main components to be modeled are: Beams, Columns & Slabs.
Center to center dimension of the structure has been considered in the modeling. The
Structure is assumed to be fixed at the Plinth level. The in-plane stiffness of floor slab has
been considered in the modeling of the structure while the stiffness contribution of partition
walls has been ignored.

5) Analysis
The loads calculated are applied in the modeled building. Besides from the dead and live
loads, the probable seismic loads are also taken care of as Nepal is categorized amongst
seismically active zone. Moreover, the residential building itself carries high importance and
the seismic force consideration is of upmost priority.
Seismic Coefficient method has been adopted for the lateral load analysis. The joint masses
of each floor are exported from the program and base shear is calculated manually. The base
shear is distributed to each floor as per relevant Indian Standard and applied to the model at
the center of mass. The program automatically calculates the center of stiffness of the
structure. Torsion is therefore accounted by the program itself. The rigid end effect has also
been considered in the analysis.

5.1) Load Cases

The following independent load cases have been considered
i. Dead Load (DL)
ii. Live load (LL)
iii. Earthquake load in + ve X-direction (EQPX)
iv. Earthquake load in – ve X-direction (EQNX)
v. Earthquake load in + ve Y-direction (EQPY)
vi. Earthquake load in – ve Y-direction (EQNY)

5.2) Load Combinations

Following load combinations have been adopted as per NBC 105 for the analysis of the
structural components of the building.

Load Combination
1. 1.5 Dead Load +1.5 Live Load
2. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load+1.25EQ-X
3. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load-1.25EQ-X
4. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load+1.25EQ-Y
5. 1.5 Dead Load +1.3 Live Load-1.25EQ-Y
6. 0.9 Dead Load +1.25EQ-X
7. 0.9 Dead Load -1.25EQ-X
8. 0.9 Dead Load +1.25EQ-Y
9. 0.9 Dead Load -1.25EQ-Y

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 6) Design
The design of the members has been done as per philosophy of limit state method as per
IS: 456 -2000. The designs of structural members (i.e. beams and columns) were carried
out by the program itself and the design results were checked manually. Here,
longitudinal reinforcement in columns has been calculated based on critical load
combination among the above mentioned load combinations. A symmetric arrangement
of the reinforcement has been adopted from seismic point of view that reversal stress may
occur. Longitudinal reinforcement in beams is also based on critical load combination
and it is calculated from the envelope of bending moment diagram. Spacing of the shear
reinforcement has been calculated as per the ductility criteria as defined in IS 13920 -
1993.

The design of slab, staircase and foundation has been carried out manually in
spreadsheet. Footings have been checked for vertical loads and moments developed at the
base due to dead load and live load only. Square footings have been adopted from seismic
point of view that reversal stress may occur. And footing beams are provided for column
at foundation for more rigidity of building and also need for the column located at
boundary. The slab has been designed as two-way slab and is based on the coefficient
given in IS 456-2000. The deflection of slab has been checked and limited to the
allowable deflection as prescribed in the IS 456-2000.

7) Detailing of the Structural Elements

The Reinforcement detailing of most of the important structural components have been
shown in drawing. They confirm with the relevant sections of the IS Codes IS 456:2000,
IS 1893:1984, SP-16 and SP-34.

PART III: SAMPLE ANALYSIS RESULTS AND SAMPLE DESIGN

8) Sample Analysis Results

TABLE: Story Drifts

Story Output Case Case Type Step Type Step Number Direction Drift

Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.000976

Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.000993
Story 1 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.001013
Story 1 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.001204
Story 1 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.001294
Story 1 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 Y 0.001276
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.000978
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.001004
Story2 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.000977
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.001148
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.001241
Story2 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 Y 0.001226
Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 1 X 0.000608
Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 2 X 0.000626

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 Story3 Eq X LinStatic Step By Step 3 X 0.000598
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 1 Y 0.000645
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 2 Y 0.000658
Story3 Eq Y LinStatic Step By Step 3 Y 0.000662

Here, the Storey Drifts in any storey due to minimum specified lateral
force, with partial load factor of 1.0 has not exceed value 0.004.
Hence OK for drift check

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 9) Sample Designs
9.1) Sample Design of Columns and Beams
The design results for the columns and beams using ETABS V18 are as follows:

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Column Section Design

Column Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story 1 C17 9 Col 12" X 12" 1.5DL+1.3 LL +1.25 EQY 0 3175 0.876

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) dc (mm) Cover (Torsion) (mm)
304.8 304.8 58 30

Material Properties
Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Design For Pu , Mu2 , Mu3

Design Pu Design Mu2 Design Mu3 Minimum M2 Minimum M3 Rebar Area Rebar %
kN kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m mm² %
437.491 45.8511 8.7498 8.7498 8.7498 862 0.93

Axial Force and Biaxial Moment Factors

K Factor Length Initial Moment Additional Moment Minimum Moment
Unitless mm kN-m kN-m kN-m
Major Bend(M3) 0.679856 2794 -0.1911 0 8.7498
Minor Bend(M2) 0.711422 2794 18.3404 0 8.7498

Shear Design for Vu2 , Vu3

Shear Vu Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
Major, Vu2 41.5984 56.7853 30.0894 41.5984 337.85
Minor, Vu3 27.3163 56.7853 30.0894 21.3112 337.85

Joint Shear Check/Design

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 Joint Shear Shear Shear Shear Joint Shear
Force VTop Vu,Tot Vc Area Ratio
kN kN kN kN cm² Unitless
Major Shear, Vu2 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A
Minor Shear, Vu3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A

(1.4) Beam/Column Capacity Ratio

Major Ratio Minor Ratio
N/A N/A

Additional Moment Reduction Factor k (IS 39.7.1.1)

Ag Asc Puz Pb Pu k
cm² cm² kN kN kN Unitless
929 8.6 1159.2205 304.4115 437.491 0.844317

Additional Moment (IS 39.7.1)

Consider Length Section KL/Depth KL/Depth KL/Depth Ma
Ma Factor Depth (mm) Ratio Limit Exceeded Moment (kN-m)
Major Bending (M3 ) Yes 0.88 304.8 6.232 12 No 0
Minor Bending (M2 ) Yes 0.88 304.8 6.521 12 No 0

ETABS Concrete Frame Design

IS 456:2000 + IS 13920:2016 Beam Section Design

Beam Element Details Type: Ductile Frame (Summary)

Level Element Unique Name Section ID Combo ID Station Loc Length (mm) LLRF
Story 1 B29 41 B1 [10"X15"] 1.5DL+1.3 LL +1.25 EQX 3962.4 4114.8 1

Section Properties
b (mm) h (mm) bf (mm) ds (mm) dct (mm) dcb (mm)
254 381 254 0 33 33

Material Properties

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 Ec (MPa) fck (MPa) Lt.Wt Factor (Unitless) fy (MPa) fys (MPa)
22360.68 20 1 500 500

Design Code Parameters

ɣC ɣS
1.5 1.15

Factored Forces and Moments

Factored Factored Factored Factored
Mu3 Tu Vu2 Pu
kN-m kN-m kN kN
-69.6154 3.4228 72.3524 0.2387

Design Moments, Mu3 & Mt

Factored Factored Positive Negative
Moment Mt Moment Moment
kN-m kN-m kN-m kN-m
-69.6154 5.0335 0 -74.649

Design Moment and Flexural Reinforcement for Moment, Mu3 & Tu

Design Design -Moment +Moment Minimum Required
-Moment +Moment Rebar Rebar Rebar Rebar
kN-m kN-m mm² mm² mm² mm²
Top (+2 Axis) -74.649 551 0 551 190
Bottom (-2 Axis) 0 276 0 0 276

Shear Force and Reinforcement for Shear, Vu2 & Tu

Shear Ve Shear Vc Shear Vs Shear Vp Rebar Asv /s
kN kN kN kN mm²/m
84.0512 0 105.6122 38.3314 840.98

Torsion Force and Torsion Reinforcement for Torsion, T u & VU2

Tu Vu Core b1 Core d1 Rebar Asvt /s
kN-m kN mm mm mm²/m
3.4228 72.3524 208 335 381.97

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 9.2) Sample Design of Slab

Design of Two Way Slab

lx = 3.81 m Shorter Span in X-direction

ly = 3.3528 m Longer Span in Y-direction
fck = 20 N/mm2
fy = 500 N/mm2
Dia. Of
Bar = 8 mm

ly/lx
= 0.88

Two Way Slab

Status
Overall depth of
Slab (D) = 127 mm DEPTH OK
Effective depth
(d) = 103 mm

Load Calculation

Dead Load of Slab

= 3.175 KN/m2
Floor Finish = 1 KN/m2
10" Wall on Slab= 2 KN/m2
Total Dead Load = 6.175 KN/m2

Live Load = 2.5 KN/m2

Total Load = 8.675 KN/m2

Factored Load = 13.01 KN/m2

Type the Value for

Slab Type = 1 Type of Slab Value
Interior Pannels 1
One Short Edge
αx- 0.072 Discontinuous 2

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 One Long Edge
αy- 0.047 Discontinuous 3
Two Adjacent Edge
αx+ 0.054 Discontinuous 4
Two Short Edges
αy+ 0.035 Discontinuous 5
Two Long Edges
Discontinuous 6
Three Edge Discontinuous
(One Long Edge Cont.) 7
Three Edge Discontinuous
Mx- 13.6 KNm (One Short Edge Cont.) 8
My- 8.9 KNm Four Edge Discontinuous 9
Mx+ 10.2 KNm
My+ 6.6 KNm

Check for Depth Due to Moment

d= 71.50 mm

Check OK

Calculation of Area of Steel Required

Dia.
Of
Area Check Area bar Suggestted Provide Provided
Calculated For Required Used Spacing Spacing Area
Min.
mm2 Area mm2 mm mm mm mm2
Astx- 330 OK 330 8 153 150 335
Asty- 209 OK 209 8 241 150 335
Astx+ 242 OK 242 8 208 150 335
Asty+ 153 OK 154 8 327 150 335

Minimum Area of Steel

Ast,m
in 152.4 mm2

Check for Shear Force

Maximum Shear
Force = 24.79 KN/m

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 Nominal Shear
Stress, Tv = 0.24 N/mm2

Pecent of Steel, p% = 0.33 %

Shear Strength of
Concrete, Tc = 0.40 N/mm2

k= 1.3
Shear Strength in
Slabs, Tc'= 0.52 N/mm2

Check OK

Check for Deflection

Steel Stresss of Service Loads, fs N/m

= 286 m2
Modification Factors
Value of
α= 26 Type α
β= 1 Cantilever 7
Simply
γ= 2 Supported 20
Continuous 26
Allowable Value = 52.0
Actual Value = 37

Check OK

Depth from
Deflection = 73.3 mm

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9.3) Sample Design of Isolated Footing
9.3.1) Design of Footing

I. Input Data
Concrete Grade : 20MPa
Rebar Grade : 500 Mpa
Modulus of Subgrade Reaction
Based on Assumption,”Foundation Analysis and Design”
Modulus of subgrade reaction = (Allowable Bearing Capacity * Factor of
Safety/Deflection)
=130*(3/25)*1000 KN/m3

II. Footing Thickness

Overall Thickness of Isolated Footing = 16”

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 10) Design Summary
10.1) Column Design Summary

10.2) Beam Design Summary

10.3) Slab Design Summary

10.4) Footing Design Summary

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 PART IV: ANNEXES, CONCLUSION AND REFERENCES
11) Annexes

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 Fig: Partition wall load into Area Load

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 12) Conclusion

After the complete analysis and design of the building components, the building is found
to be safe against the loads considered above. The Axial force, bending moment, Shear
force and Torsion forces are checked at different sections of the beams and columns. All
the sections are found to be stressed within the permissible limits due to axial, shear,
flexural and torsion forces produced due to above forces.

The slab and foundations were designed manually. The depth of slab which is safe
against the deflection and shear and the reinforcement provided are sufficient to counter
the flexural forces as well. The foundation was checked against one-way shear, two-way
shear and bending moments. The footings provided as per the drawing are safe and the
reinforcement provided is sufficient. The structural safety would further depend upon the
effectiveness of construction procedures as well as collapse and serviceability criteria
followed during the construction phases.

To make the Building earthquake resistant, the building is designed following the Indian
Standard codes. Column design is verified so that Moment capacity of the columns
remains higher than the adjacent beams. Therefore, the design philosophy adopted is
Strong column and Weak beam. Shear stirrups is sufficiently provided so that none of the
elements are vulnerable to shear failure and failure mode will be flexural, which is more
ductile. The detail soil investigation report was not available so the bearing capacity of
the soil is assumed as 130 KN/m2 for medium type soil. Durable M20 concrete has been
used in the foundation which is in contact with the soil. And M20 is also used for
column, Beams and slabs. Ductile detailing has been extensively adopted for structural
drawings.

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 1416References
IS: 456 – 2000 Code of Practice for Plain and Reinforced Concrete
IS 875 (Parts 1-5) Code of practice for design loads (other than earthquake) for
buildings and structures (second revision)

Part 1 – Dead loads

Part 2 – Imposed loads

IS: 1893 – 2002 Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design of Structures

IS: 13920 - 1993 Ductile Detailing of Reinforced Concrete Structures subjected to
Seismic forces - Code of Practice
SP: 16 – 1980 Design Aids for -Reinforced Concrete to IS: 456 – 1978
SP: 34 – 1987 Handbook on Concrete Reinforcement Detailing
NBC 105: 1994 Seismic Design of Buildings in Nepal
Jain, A.K. Reinforced Concrete, Limit State Design, fifth edition, Nem
Chand and Bros, Rookie, 1999
W.H. Mosley, J.H. Reinforced Concrete Design, fifth edition.
Bunggey & R. Hulse
Joseph E. Bowles Foundation Analysis and Design
Brian W. Boughton Reinforced Concrete Detailer’s Manual, Third Edition
The Institute of Standard Method of Detailing Structural Concrete, A manual for
best Structural Engineers practice, Third edition
M. G. Shah & C.M. RCC Theory and Design (Revised Edition)
Kale

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