ART HISTORY 2018 HALF YEARLY EXAMINATION

Question 1
a) Hieroglyphics
b) Papyrus scroll. It was found along the banks of the nile.
c) It was a narrative depicting the final decision of the deceased. It
shows the weighing of the heart against a feather, which symbolises
Ma’at. If the heart was heavier than the feather, it was gobbled up by
Ammit who was a ferocious monster who waited nearby. Without the
heart a person was denied a afterlife. The twelve gods sitting above
supervise that everything was fair.
d) The egyptians wanted to depict the human body in its most
recognisable form. To do this, The Egyptians wanted to depict the
human body in its most recognisable form. They have an appreciation
of proportion. They used an odd arrangement of the human form. The
legs, torso and shoulders are in profile (sideways) but the head is
more frontal to give more information. Horizontal bands are used to
organise the space. Clearly outlined shapes for figures, objects,
animals etc. Objects and figures are placed beside or above each
other; not overlapping. Size is used as an indicator of social standing
and importance. All these conventions are aimed at creating an art
that was clear.

Question 2
a) Strength and monumentality are important aspects of ancient
egyptian sculpture because it shows that the person would be strong
and it was believed that the sculpture would give eternal life to
Mycerinus.
b) Kuros
c) Kore
d) Archaic 700 BC - 480 BC. It is Greek.
e) Similarities are that they both have their left foot forwards, they both
have a sense of proportion and they both do not show a good
understanding of anatomy. They are also both emotionless.
Differences is that in one of them is clothed in the lower body and the
other is not.

Question 3
a) Marble is used. In the original, bronze was used.
b) Polyclitus
c) Doryphoros and the spear bearer.
d) Contrapposto is the ‘s’ curve of the body which suggests the
 movement and animates the figure. It is weighted on one leg but
relaxed on the other. Appears to be moving.
e) Similarities:
1. One foot is forwards
2. Freestanding 3.
Expressionless 4.
Carved
Differences
1. Plate 2 is straight, but 5 is in a contrapposto pose.
2. Plate 2 is egyption, but 5 is Greek
3. Plate 2 is made of greywacke and Plate 5 is made from marble.
4. Plate 2 is clothed in the lower body, but Plate 5 is naked.

Question 4
a) Athens, Parthenon.
b) Classical 480 BC - 323 BC
c) Marble
d) To show off architectural skill, mathematics and to honour the
goddess Athena.
e) The frieze depicted the Panathenaic festival procession. The figures in
the frieze were the warriors and Athena.
f) The frieze is considered to be an extraordinary work of sculpture
because of its size of 160m x 1m.

Question 5
a) Nike of Samothrace
b) Carved from marble
c) Lots if emotion and lots of movement.
d) Front legs go down, the wings are up, the drape is flying back and
pressing against her body it makes her look like she is flying down and
that she is having a peaceful landing.

Question 6
a) Augustus of Primaporta.
b) Doryphoros the spear bearer.
c) His youthful age and his fit and ‘perfect’ and flawless body.
d) The details on the breastplate show his military power and success
and how he is descendant from the gods. It also shows his power and
significance.

Question 7
a) Built to commemorate the Dacian Wars’ victory and the expansion of
the land.
 b) St Peter's’ statue replaced the original statue at the top in 1587 and
now stands at the top of the column.
c) Carved marble. Built in slabs, in total 23 slabs going up. Free standing.
Low relief sculptures. It was a storyboard 40m high. Including statue
and platform. Column was 29.58 tall. Spiral staircase inside. St Peter's’
statue replace the original statue at the top in 1587.155 figures. Frieze
spirals round.23 moments.
d) Realism is in Trajan’s column because it clearly depicts the factual
events which happened in the war and the roman soldiers.

Question 8
a) 1. Model clay over armature
2. Cover amature in wax
3. Model is covered in a course outer layer of clay and then heated to
remove all the wax.
4. Molten bronze is then poured into this hollow area of mould.
b) Frieze - a broad horizontal band of sculpted or painted decoration,
especially on a wall near the ceiling. High relief - has a
raised surface that stands out prominently from the background.
Proportion - a part, share, or number considered in comparative
relation to a whole.
Freestanding Sculpture - A sculpture made to be viewed from all
sides.
Anatomy - a study of the structure or internal workings of a human.
Carving - cut a material like rock in order to produce an aesthetically
pleasing object or design.

Question 9
The depiction of the male figure through the Archaic, Classical and
Hellenistic periods has evolved in many different ways. An example of the
simple Archaic figure is the sculpture of Kouros. Through Kouros, there are
many conventions, in which some have been borrowed from the Egyptians.
Some of the Archaic conventions include the Archaic smile and the human
figure in contrapposto. These conventions have changed slightly moving into
the Classical period. As the Archaic Greeks developed into the Classical
period, they changed their way of sculpting. This can be seen through
Doryphoros (or spear bearer). The conventions used here are that he is
idealised and positioned in a contrapposto stance. Here we can see the
Greeks beginning to understand the human anatomy. The Classical Greeks
removed the grid of proportions borrowed from the Egyptians and replaced
it with the height of the body being seven times the height of the head. As
the Classical Greeks developed into the Hellenistic period, there is more
subjective matter used. An example of this which is used is the emotion
shown in Laocoön and his Two Sons. Through Kouros, the depiction of the
male figure has contrasted greatly from the Archaic period to the Hellenistic
period via Doryphoros and Laocoön.