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DBT123 Chapter 1 Introduction To Land Surveying
DBT123 Chapter 1 Introduction To Land Surveying
TO LAND
SURVEYING
SITE SURVEYING I
(BGN123)
BASIC PRINCIPLE OF
LAND SURVEYING
CONTENS
MEASUREMENT
SCALE AND PLOTTING (DISTANCE, BEARING,
ANGLE)
WHAT IS LAND SURVEYING?
CLASSIFICATION
OF LAND
SURVEY
PLANE
GEODETIC
Plane Surveying
• Measurement involve with relatively small and flat area.
• Measurement plotted will represent the projection on the
horizontal plane of the actual field measurement.
• The scope and use is very wide as it is employed in the
majority of survey conducted e.g. engineering survey.
Geodetic Surveying
• The curved surface of the earth is considered by
performing the computation on ellipsoid.
• The curve surface approximating the size and shape of the
earth.
• This survey involved with high precision over large area.
• Employed to provide control points.
• Survey work is conducted by very refined instruments
using refine methods of adjustments.
• Provide a high degree of precision.
BRANCHES OF LAND SURVEYING
Geographic
Hydrographic Photogrammetry
Information
Survey System
(GIS)
Branches of Global
Remote Positioning
Land Surveying Sensing System
(GPS)
Topographic Surveying
• A topography survey is a survey conducted to obtain the
data needed for the preparation of a topography map.
This data consists of the horizontal and vertical locations
of the features to be shown on the map.
Pkt 1 Pkt 2
L1 L2 L3
Pkt 6 Pkt 3
Pkt 5 Pkt 4
SITE SURVEYING PROCEDURES
Reconnaissance
Conduct a
Survey
Booking
Draw Plan
Reconnaissance
Accuracy:
Closeness of a Precision:
sample mean Closeness of
to the true repeated
value observation
SCALE
Definition of Scale
Representative
Fraction
1 cm = 100 km Verbal scale
1 cm = 100 km
Graphic Scale
1 : 1000
Map and Plan
• Map
• Small scale = 1:1 000 000 , 1:500 000,
1:20,000
• Big scale = 1:10 000, 1:1 250, 1:1 000
• Plan
• Site Plan= 1:500 , 1:200, 1:100, 1:50
• Detail Plan= 1:20, 1:10, 1:5 , 1:1 (full size)
• Scale 1:500
• 10 cm on the map, what is distance on the
ground?
10cm = 1
X = 5000cm (50m)
X 500
• Scale 1:250
• 30m on the ground, what is distance on the
map?
X = 1 X = 0.12m (12cm)
30m 250
Scale Calculation - Distance
5 cm 1 cm = 1m
400mm 1:250
0.25m 1:500
1cm = 5m 20m
1:15000 3km
Example of Scale Calculation - Area
400mm2 1:250
100cm2 1:500
1cm = 50m 0.25 hektar
Construction
Planning
Land boundaries
Transportation
Maps & Plans
Engineering
CONCLUSION
i. 1:6000
ii. 1: 200