Kano Journal of Educational Psychology (KaJEP)

Volume 2, No. 2, September, 2020

ISSN (Hard copy): 2736 – 1365 eISSN: (Online): 2736 – 1373
Problems and Prospects of Guidance and Counselling Services... (Bashari, 2020)
www.kjnisepjournal.com

Problems and Prospects of Guidance and Counselling Services in Secondary Schools in

Jigawa State

Kabiru BASHARI
08032828797, 07058069141
kbringim13@gmail.com

Department of Educational Psychology and Counselling, Jigawa State College of Islamic and
Legal Studies, Ringim

Abstract
This paper examined the problems and prospects of guidance and counselling services in
secondary schools in Jigawa state. The paper discussed some concepts of guidance and
counselling and the problems that militate against its services in Jigawa state. Some of which
include: inadequate time, non-cooperative clients, lack of parental support, inadequate
facilities, lack of funding, shortage of qualified personnel, inadequate support from school
administration and stakeholders. Other issues discussed in the paper include the prospects to
the problems of guidance and counselling services such as provision of trained counsellors,
provision of adequate resources, provision of support to guidance counselling programmes,
provision of adequate funds. It has been concluded that, most of the students of secondary
schools in Jigawa state are facing with a lot of problems especially during counselling
activities they are not responding to guidance and counseling services and counsellors are
suffering from inadequate facilities and funds that are required for effective delivery of
counselling services. Finally the paper recommended that, Guidance and counselling
personnel should be well trained on how to carry out their duties by being sent to attend
seminars and workshops to improve on their skills, Governments and other stakeholders should
make provision for adequate materials and resources for use in the delivery of the services in
the secondary schools of the state.

Keywords: Problems, Prospects, Guidance and Counselling

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Problems and Prospects of Guidance and Counselling Services... (Bashari, 2020)
Introduction
Globally, guidance and counselling
services are essential elements in discipline
and management of people in all societies.
It could be difficult for any society to
function well without the exercise of
discipline (UNESCO, 2016). Guidance and
counselling services as a movement started
in America at the beginning of the 20th
Century as a reaction to change process in
an industrialized society. Guidance and
counselling services were set up within the
department of education in September 1968
when the recommendations made by Louis,
a consultant sent over to Malta by United
Nation’s Educational Scientific and
Cultural Organization (UNESCO), were
taken up Summit (1997).
Guidance and counselling are
formalized actions taken by the school to
make operations available to students.
These services have been delimited by
common agreements to provide a unique
action which overlap minimally with other
school functions. Guidance and counselling
service are based on the fact that everybody
at one time or the other need helps. So this
help should be rendered unconditionally
with empathic understand and free
atmosphere. Also these services promote
the personal-social planning and
programming for student with special skills
that helps to achieve the goals needed in the
school setting (UNESCO, 2016:2).
Guidance and counselling services are
considered to be an initiative that has the
primary objective of making available
information and skills to impart self-
awareness and optimal use of the student’s
potential for holistic growth and
development. In schools, students basically
need guidance and counselling services to
perform well academically and to solve
their social and emotional challenges. The
guidance and counselling services are
initiated in schools to lead to improvements
in the performances of the students, social
and emotional adjustment, quality and
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standard of education. High school, college
and university students seek guidance and
counselling programs to acquire
information about jobs and employment
opportunities, enhancement of their growth,
in leading to their development and looking
for other opportunities. In order to benefit
from guidance and counselling services, it
is vital for the individuals to acquire a
complete understanding of the knowledge
and information and implement it in their
lives (Mikaye, 2015).
Guidance and counseling is a
specialized field which has a
comprehensive range of activities and
services, directed at supporting the
individuals to recognize themselves, others
school environmental conditions and
acquire the abilities to adjust accordingly.
The students are faced with many personal,
academic, social and emotional problems
when unattended and could lead to
arrangement of unwanted behaviours.
School guidance and counselling programs
have therefore been introduced to assist the
students to overcome and regulate to a host
of social and emotional tasks they
experienced at home and at school.
Guidance and counselling services are
offered to the individual who is undergoing
a problem and needs professional help to
overcome it. The problem keeps him
disturbed high strung and under tension and
unless solved his development is hampered
or stunted. Counselling therefore is a more
specialized service requiring training in
personality development and handling
exceptional groups of individual’s.
Effective guidance and counselling service
need to be based on a complete
understanding of student’s experience.
Thus effective guidance and counselling
service are not only crucial for those
students who deviate from the norms, but
for all students as noted by Mutie and
Ndambuki (2017). Therefore all students
would require guidance and counselling
service in order to develop their academic,
 Kano Journal of Educational Psychology (KaJEP)
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Problems and Prospects of Guidance and Counselling Services... (Bashari, 2020)
social and personal competence.
Counselling is also a method of behaviour
change.
School guidance and counselling
programmes have therefore been
introduced to assist students overcome the
number of challenges they experienced at
home and at school. Nyamwange (2015)
states that because of many pressures
imposed on the family, parents tend to have
little time with their children to give them
the necessary guidance. The parents expect
the school to provide solutions to
indiscipline in secondary schools caused by
their children (UNESCO, 2016:2).
According to Mushaandja (2016)
Counselling involves two individuals one
seeking help and a professionally trained
person helped and direct him solved
problems towards a goals which needs to
his maximum development and growth.
Guidance and Counselling services are
therefore required for individuals having
development problems because of the
handicap they suffer in any area of
emotional either because of hereditary
factors or environmental conditions.
The role of guidance and
counselling services in the school system
cannot be overemphasized, guidance and
counselling have always played a leading
role in terms of child’s development and
improvement. For this reason guidance and
counselling services helps in child’s
development. According to Modo; Sanni;
Uwah and Mogbo (2018) Guidance and
counselling is one of the educational
services that promotes the effectiveness of
the educational system for goals attainment
and guiding learners through the learning
process. Guidance and counselling services
has suffered a lot of problems in Jigawa
state (Usman, 2018). Some of the problems
include that of poor perception of the
counsellor by school heads and colleagues,
lack of provision in the curriculum of all
levels of education and supervision at all
levels, inadequate time for counsellors,
non-corporative clients, inadequate of
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parental support, inadequate facilities,
inadequate of funding, shortage of qualified
personnel to mention just a few. There is
need to tackle the problems facing guidance
and counselling services to an appreciable
level, especially our secondary schools
education (Mogbo, 2016).
According to Mogbo (2016) lack of
training physical facilities and resources
and inadequacy of funds are problems
which seem to derail the innovative effects
of counsellors. Children are not encouraged
by their parents to freely seek for guidance
and counselling when necessary. They
believe guidance and counselling is an
invasion of their children’s privacy.
Teacher counsellors are not well scheduled
to meet learners for guidance and
counselling and relevant reference
materials and facilities are lacking.
UNESCO (2017); The Report on
Education and Manpower Training, there is
over burdening of counsellors who have the
same teaching load as their colleagues who
are not actively involved in guidance and
counselling services, continue training for
counsellors is often not consistent. The
schools lack of enough funds due to fees
arrears may cause delayed implementation
of guidance and counselling services. The
resource persons for guidance and
counselling service are very scarce and can
only be invited by the school principal and
administrators. There is inadequate
guidance and counselling man power in
most of our schools.
Okola (2017) carried out a study on
the factors hindering effective provision of
guidance and counselling services in
secondary schools of Delta state. The study
revealed that: Secondary schools in the
state have very few reference resources for
guidance and counselling; trained
personnel in this area are few or not
available at all in various schools; most
schools do not have sufficient funds to
carry out the programme effectively and
some teachers and head teachers avoid the

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Problems and Prospects of Guidance and Counselling Services... (Bashari, 2020)
responsibility of running such
programme.
Problems Militating Against Access to
Guidance and Counselling Services in
Secondary Schools in Jigawa State
Inadequate Time
Inadequate time was the greatest
problem to the implementation of the
activities of guidance and counselling
services in secondary schools. Most of
secondary schools in Jigawa state needs for
guidance and counselling activities
(Usman, 2018). School time-table does not
make provisions for guidance and
counselling services. According to Low
(2019) stated that any form of formal
guidance and counselling services with
professional counsellors should focus
towards the requirement of the students.
Lack of suitable space and time for
counselling services was also a key
problem. Non provision of counselling
activity on the school timetable as a major
problem of guidance and counselling
services practice in our schools generally.
Non-Cooperative Clients
Counsellors identified non-
cooperative clients as another problem that
militates against the access to guidance and
counselling services in secondary schools
in Jigawa state (Usman, 2018). Also it was
not possible to provide clients with
counselling services without their
maximum cooperation. This is consistent
that learners were not willing to disclose
their problems to be counselled by the
counsellors because they did not trust the
services providers. The non cooperation of
clients perhaps due to negative attitudes
towards guidance and counselling service.
Nyamwange (2015) asserted that school
head teachers and students generally had a
negative attitude towards guidance and
counselling services.
Kano Journal of Educational Psychology (KaJEP)
Volume 2, No. 2, September, 2020
eISSN: (Online): 2736 – 1373
www.kjnisepjournal.com
a Lack of Parental Support
According to Usman (2018),
counsellors need to be supported in
carrying out innovative activities in most of
the secondary schools in Jigawa state
towards the provision of counselling
services on the students. He also pointed
out lack of parental support as a problem to
guidance and counselling services in
secondary schools of Jigawa state. Low
(2019) view that, Uncooperative parents
became an obstacle to the provision of
guidance and counselling services in
secondary schools at each level. A study by
Oye (2018) noted that parents tend to avoid
forums where their children privately
discussed domestic issues with outsiders
(teacher counsellors included) due to
cultural reasons. Kimathi (2017) observed
that no matter how committed and
competent counsellors may be, he/she
cannot provide effective guidance and
counselling services without the
cooperation of all the stakeholders in the
secondary schools. The support of parents
and society at large is crucial for the success
of guidance and counselling services
because it is only through their
participation, most of the psycho-social
problems of their children should be
understand and proper for the solutions
(Nyaga, 2016).
Inadequate Facilities
Availability of facilities both in
terms of quality and quantity is necessary
for effective and functional education. Ayis
(2016) puts it that in some secondary
schools, one can get 80 to 90 students in a
small classroom. The overcrowded nature
of classrooms today poses a great danger to
teaching and learning (Haruna, 2015). In
many of our secondary schools even the
structures are not available not to talk of
other facilities. Where they exist the
buildings are dilapidated and in most cases
grossly inadequate for the students. With
these problems at the background guidance
and counselling service cannot flourish.
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Hence lack of these facilities makes
guidance and counselling services almost
impossible (Ayis, 2016).
Inadequate of facilities use in
guidance and counselling services in
secondary schools were the problems
affecting the counsellors in Jigawa state
(Usman, 2018). Most of the facilities
required in guidance and counselling
services includes an office space,
bookshelves, drawers, files, reference
books, guidance and counselling manuals
and psychological test materials (Low,
2019). Achieng (2017) revealed that
majority of the teachers who took part
considered it as a problem. Inadequate
facilities affect the implementation of
guidance and counselling services in most
of secondary schools. Ngumi (2018) noted
that most of the learning institutions lacked
facilities and reference materials used by
the practicing counsellors. Anagbogu and
Nwokolo (2015) revealed that most of the
required facilities like computers, printers,
projectors, counselling clinics, radios,
televisions, slides, films, audiocassettes and
videocassette recorders, generators and
furnitures were lacking in many of our
secondary schools at each level.
Lack of Funding
Guidance and counselling is
suffering from poor funding. Funding is a
general phenomenon in the education
industry. It is killing the system. Kolo
(2017:22) puts it that:
Most unfortunate aspect of
educational development in
Nigeria is the thwarted
approach to funding the
system. The thwarted nature of
funding, especially with the
public schools system is in the
resort to sole reliance on
government been the only
source of financing most inputs
required for making the system
work.
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The issue of funding is the most
important impediment to the provision of
education in Nigeria Kolo (2017:22).
Attahiru & Chukuma (2016) quoted Essein
and Etokebe (2015) who states that
education alone is presently gulping more
than one third of the country’s budget, yet
the sector is still under funded and lacking
in essential infrastructures. This shows that
despite government’s huge investment into
education a lot has to be done.
Improved funding of guidance and
counselling service is needed in all
Nigerian secondary schools. The most
pressing problem of guidance and
counselling services is that lack of proper
funding of education and its services.
Scholars and counsellors have underscored
the importance of adequate funding in
guidance and counselling services. The
programmes need adequate funding as to
enables them to put up infrastructures and
purchase the required facilities (Songok,
Yungugnu and Mulinge, 2017).
Kafwa (2015) pointed out that a
counsellor who has adequate and relevant
materials tend to be more confident,
effective and productive. Lack of finance
was highlighted by counsellors as the top
problem faced by most of the secondary
schools especially during guidance and
counselling sessions. Also it is obviously
agreed that inadequate of funds cripple the
activities of guidance and counselling
services in our society. Okere (2015)
observed that most of the counselling
programmes in secondary schools are not
properly funded. Usman (2018) agreed that
financial constrain is a major problem to
guidance and counselling services in most
of the secondary schools in Jigawa state.
Shortage of Qualified Personnel
Population explosion inevitably
leads to higher demand for counsellors. If
counsellors are in short supply it means the
students will merely go to schools and leave
unattended to; (Kimathi, 2017). Attahiru
 Kano Journal of Educational Psychology (KaJEP)
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Problems and Prospects of Guidance and Counselling Services... (Bashari, 2020)
and Chukuma (2016) identify the problems
that led to shortage of counsellors these are:
1. Poor condition of service in the
teaching profession;
2. Low social status attached to the
profession;
3. Availability of attractive jobs in the job
market;
4. Drop in the number of people going into
the counselling profession programme
etc
The effect of shortage qualified
counsellors in guidance and counselling
activities is very high, lack of qualified
personnel in teaching profession makes
school administrators to use non
professionals as counsellors which is not
standard.
The success of guidance and
counselling services in secondary schools it
depends on the knowledge and attitudes of
the providers (Kimathi, 2017). Training is
therefore a central focus for the success in
the activities of guidance and counselling
services as positive attitudes that acquired
from counsellors (Maputo & Nkoma,
2016). Shortage of qualified personnel has
been raised by most of scholars
(Nyamwange, 2016). Majority of the
counsellors who participated were not
obtained certificate in guidance and
counselling and were thus considered as not
adequately trained. Ngumi (2018) stated
that, those teachers who undergone
certificate courses do not cover sufficient
guidance and counselling contents in their
training programmes to enable them
effectively render the guidance and
counselling service, the number of
professional trained counsellors offering
the counselling services was very minimal.
Inadequate Supports from School
Administration and Stakeholders
Inadequate support from school
administrators was one of the issues that
counsellors experienced in implementing
guidance and counselling services in our
secondary schools across Jigawa state
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(Usman, 2018). Mushaandja (2016) noted
that school counselors were not given
adequate support by the school
administrators and teachers. They
attributed this to insufficient information on
guidance and counselling services from the
part of the counsellors as well as
administrators. Nyamwange (2016) also
revealed that most of the support given to
counsellors by their school heads is
minimal. This state of affairs is unfortunate,
because it is hard for counsellors to render
their services without support of the school
administrators as well as stakeholders.
Guidance and counselling services are
offered in secondary schools because
counsellors attended to learners on
educational, vocational, emotional, social
and personal development (Mushaandja
2016).
Prospects to the problems of Guidance
and Counselling Services in Secondary
Schools
Provision of Trained Counsellors
To make learners have access to
guidance and counselling programme,
counsellors need to be trained about
counselling services so as to foster
knowledge on students that seeks
professional help from them. Untrained
counsellors are seen as inhibiting factor to
learners in implementing guidance and
counselling services in secondary schools
across the state (Usman, 2018). Achieng
(2017) pointed that this trend change only
if more educationist can fosters their
understanding of handling guidance and
counselling services on issues and affairs
imparted to guidance and counselling
personnel. This will in turn give confidence
to learners and develop interest in guidance
and counselling services are part of
educational programme.
Qualified personnel in guidance and
counselling needs to be expanded to other
fields Kolo (2017) says that the teacher
education agenda required in Nigeria today
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Problems and Prospects of Guidance and Counselling Services... (Bashari, 2020)
is one which is capable for reinventing
programmes in teacher training institutions
to become capable of attracting people to
make career in teaching. Teaching
profession need to be made more attractive
to retrain teachers.
Provision of Adequate Resources
The adequate of guidance and
counselling resources in the secondary
schools is very essential to students. These
resources enhance the provision of
guidance and counselling services in order
to assist students to develop their academic,
social and personal competencies. For
effective guidance and counselling services
the following materials are needed:
computer, career guidance programs, career
choice exploration material, self-
development resources, college catalogues,
booklets, newsletters, brochures and
pamphlets and well-furnished office space
room that help students address
developmental needs such as adjusting to
their physical changes, handling peer
pressure and preventing substance abuse
(Usman, 2018).
Resources like classrooms, desks
and chairs, laboratories, libraries,
instructional materials etc need to be
provided in our secondary schools. This
will help the guidance and counselling
programme to boost the quality of teaching
and learning process. Provision of facilities
should be in line with population.
Structures should be provided to
accommodate the ever-increasing number
of students (Ayis, 2016).
Provision of Support to Guidance and
Counselling Programmes
Guidance and Counselling service
is inherently an entity of a large
organizational system, which are the
administrative and instructional
components in educational system in
Jigawa state (Usman, 2018). They
contributed towards the quality education
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for each student undergone the activities of
guidance and counselling services. Kebeya
(2016), pointed out that a good
administrator has to appreciate and support
the activities of guidance and counselling
personnel available by providing them with
the materials they required and help them to
develop good working relationships with
learners for the growth of guidance and
counselling services in the schools.
Provision of adequate funds:
Expansion of the funding system is
also a very important step in bringing about
solution to the problems faced in guidance
and counselling programmes. Adequate
funds needs to be allocated for Guidance
and counselling services to implement most
of the activities carried out by the
counsellors. This can only be done when
the programme is well funded adequately.
Provision of adequate fund to secondary
schools by government, stakeholders and
schools administrators it is very imperative
in Jigawa state (Usman, 2018).
Conclusion
It has been concluded that, most of
the students of secondary schools in Jigawa
state are facing a lot of problems especially
during counselling activities they were not
cooperated during guidance and counseling
service and counsellors are suffering from
inadequate facilities and funds that will take
care their activities, that is why most of the
secondary school students have no or little
information on how to stay peacefully and
stable in their learning environment.
Also Guidance and counselling
services is important in secondary schools
and some of the services offered are
educational guidance, career guidance,
psychological and social guidance. The
problems of guidance and counselling in
the secondary schools of Jigawa state are
therefore enormous. There is need for
concerted effort by all stakeholders
including: the Government, National and
International donor agencies, the parents,
 Kano Journal of Educational Psychology (KaJEP)
Volume 2, No. 2, September, 2020
ISSN (Hard copy): 2736 – 1365 eISSN: (Online): 2736 – 1373
Problems and Prospects of Guidance and Counselling Services... (Bashari, 2020)
www.kjnisepjournal.com

the teachers and the students to pool the provision of the services in the
resources together to build a virile secondary schools of the state.
education system.
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