FUNCTIONS

PA R T 5
LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this video, you should be able to:

Find the composite functions.
Find the inverse functions.
COMPOSITE &
INVERSE
FUNCTIONS
 (fog)(x) f(g(x)
=

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composite
Composite Functions
Given functions f and g, the composition of f with g, denoted by f  g,
is the function defined by

f  gx   f g-
x  domain f
Li domain of g
The domain of f  g is defined to consist of all x in the domain of g
for which g(x) is in the domain of f.
 f(x) x-+5;g(x) tx
=

i) (ogs (n) =

f(g(x)]
=
f(JEe]

(Sx(*+3
-

=x + 3

(i) (gof) (n) 9(7(n)]

=

=
g(2-75 S
-
:x +3
Example: Let f x   x 2  3 and gx   x .Find f  gx .

Solution: 𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑔 𝑥

x 𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑓 𝑥
𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 +3

gx   x  x 𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑥 = 𝑥 + 3

f x   x  3
2
 x
2
3
 x3
Example: Let f x   3x  7 and gx   x 2 .Find g  f x .

Solution:
x 𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔 𝑓 𝑥

𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑔 3𝑥 + 7

𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑥 = 3𝑥 + 7 2
f x   3 x  7 3x  7

gx   x 2
3x  7
2
Inverse Functions
If the functions f and g satisfy the two conditions
gf x   x for every x in the domain of f
f gy   y for every y in the domain of g

then we say that f is an inverse of g and g is an inverse of f or that f and g are

inverse functions.
1
Symbol: f 1
x  Warning: f x  
1
f x 
Cancellation Equations

f 1f x   x for every x in the domain of f

 
f f 1 x   x for every x in the domain of f 1
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Inverse Functions
Domain and Range of Inverse Functions
domain of f 1  range of f
range of f 1  domain of f

A Method for Finding Inverse Functions

• Write down the equation y = f(x).

• If possible, solve this equation for x as a function of y.
• The resulting equation will be 𝑥 = 𝑓 −1 𝑦 , which provides a formula for 𝑓 −1 with y as
the independent variable.
• If y is acceptable as the independent variable for the inverse function, then you are
done, but if you want to have x as the independent variable, then you need to
interchange x and y in the equation 𝑥 = 𝑓 −1 𝑦 to obtain 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 𝑥 .
 Domain off (n) -range
Example of fens
of
Find the inverse function of f x   3x  2
range f'(n): Domain
of fCr
Solution:
y  3x  2
2
𝑦 2 = 3𝑥 − 2

y 2  3x  2

x
3

1 2
y 2 
𝑅𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑥 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑕 𝑓 −1 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑙𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑦 𝑤𝑖𝑡𝑕 𝑥.
f 1x  
3

1 2
x 2 
Graphs of Inverse Functions

If 𝑓 has an inverse, then the

graphs of
𝑦 = 𝑓 𝑥 and 𝑦 = 𝑓 −1 𝑥
are reflections of one another
about the line
𝑦 = 𝑥.
 Try this exercises…
1
Question 1: 𝐺𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑔 𝑥 =
𝑥+1
. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑑

𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑔 𝑥
𝑏 𝑔𝑜𝑓 𝑥
𝑐 𝑓2 𝑥

Question 2: Find f 1x  for each of the following function.

a) f x   3 x 3  5
3
b) f x   2 , x  0
x
x 1
c ) f x  
x 1
d) f x   5 4 x  2
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