CENTRAL LUZON DOCTORS’ HOSPITAL – EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

BASIC EDUCATION DEPARTMENT

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

EARTH
SCIENCE

LESSON:
ENERGY RESOURCES
WATER RESOURCES
WEEK: 4, 5, & 6 (2ND QUARTER)
TEACHER: AARON PAUL D. TAÑEDO

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 NAME: ___________________________________ GRADE & SECTION: _______________
DATE:_____________________________

WHAT I NEED TO KNOW?

 Describe how fossil fuels are formed
 Explain how heat from inside the Earth is tapped as a source of energy (geothermal) for human use
 Cite ways to address the different environmental concerns related to the use of fossil fuels, geothermal
energy, and hydroelectric energy
 Recognize how water is distributed on Earth
 Identify the various water resources on Earth
 Explain how different activities affect the quality and availability of water for human use
 Suggest ways of conserving and protecting water resources

WHAT’S IN?
Renewable and nonrenewable energy resources should be utilized wisely. Preservation and conservation of
these resources are important for future generations not to be deprived of the things that you are
experiencing right now.

WHAT’S NEW?
What are the things that you plan to do if you won a million peso in a lottery? Are you going to buy
luxurious things, treat all your friends in a very expensive dinner every day, or you'll choose to spend it
wisely? Winning in a lottery is a one in a million chance. It seldom happen that may takes patience,
perseverance, and most of all, a lot of time before you have it. Similarly, nonrenewable resources work the
same way. The resources are available but these cannot be replenished in a short period of time. Therefore,
nonrenewable energy resources, like money, should be spent wisely. Moreover, a renewable resource is like
a salary from a stable job, which can be replenished regularly.

WHAT IS IT?
ENERGY RESOURCES
Advances in civilization are closely linked to ways on how to find and explore more energy sources. While
there seems to be numerous sources for energy conversion, the conversion of energy from natural resources
is the crucial and challenging aspect. Since not all sources have the same rate of formation, regeneration, and
replenishment, the sources of energy are divided into renewable and nonrenewable waters of energy.

NONRENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

- are named as such because the rate of their formation is so slow that none could be formed over the course
of human history. Aside from this, these resources are finite and once extracted, depletion may follow.
Usually, nonrenewable sources of energy refer to fossil fuels (oil, natural gas, and coal) and nuclear energy.

Fossil Fuels
- They are called fossil fuels because they were formed hundreds of millions of years ago by the action of
heat from Earth's core and the pressure from rocks and soil on the energy rich remains of plants and animals.
- are deposits of energy-rich organic molecules from dead organisms.
- are highly combustible and can amounts of energy.

Fossil fuels come in different forms:

1. Coal - is formed from plant material that has been subjected to heat and pressure.

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2. Oil - was formed from the remains of marine animals and plants that lived millions of years ago that
accumulated on the sea bottom and went through geologic forces and formation.
3. Natural gas - is formed when layers of decomposing organic material are exposed to higher temperatures
and pressures generated within Earth.

Renewable Energy Sources

- is energy generated from natural sources such as sunlight, wind, water, various forms of biomass, and
geothermal heat. Also known as alternative or clean energy sources, renewable sources of energy can be
replenished faster than fossil fuels and have a lower environmental degrading impact.

1. Biomass refers to biological or plant and animal material used as fuel for the generation of electricity,
other forms of fuel, and heat. Sources of biomass include the following:

A. Food waste
B. Wood which is used when the energy requirement is low, such as simple burning, cooking,
and heating.
C. Solid wastes are the common nonbiodegradable refuse generated from houses, schools, and
other establishments. They can be used for energy production through burning. However wastes
should be sorted first to separate combustible organic materials.
D. Crop residues and animal wastes are leftover materials from harvesting crops and animal
waste. Straws and stalks can be collected for low energy use such as heating and cooking. The same
can be done to animal waste that has been dried up.
E. Fuel crops are crops specifically grown for energy production. They include sugarcane, com
sugar beets, grains, and nipa. They are grown because they have a high yield of dry material and sap
that contains ethanol, which makes both materials combustible.

2. Hydroelectric power is the energy obtained from converting the kinetic energy of fast moving water into
electricity, Waterfalls, running rivers, tidal power, and ocean waves are great options for hydroelectric
power. In other cases, the water is collected in a dam or reservoir and is allowed to flow over step slope to
harness hydroelectric energy

3. Solar power is the converted energy derived from the sun. In converting solar energy to power, certain
challenges confront scientists and engineers in developing the necessary technology.

4. Wind energy is the energy harnessed from the flow of the air. Wind energy can be harnessed in wide
open spaces where the wind is strong, such as along seashores, deserts, and mountain tops.

5. Geothermal energy is the energy harnessed from the heat coming from within Earth. The resources of
heat range from the shallow ground to hot water and hot rocks a few miles beneath Earth’s surface and down
to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock or magma. Heat from these sources can be used either for
direct heating or for generating electricity.

WATER RESOURCES

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About 70% of Earth’s surface is covered with water. Despite this, we hear of water depletion need to
conserve water.
Water is important for living things. In the modern human civilization, the quality of water is as important as
its quantity. Water must be free of pollutants which are mostly bacterial in content, toxic chemicals, and
suspended solid substances. Without these pollutants, water is considered suitable for use. Oceans and other
large bodies of water (marine waters) contain a large amount of salts and minerals, which is why they cannot
be used by humans even in commercial and industrial operations unless they go through desalination (the
process of removing dissolved salts from water to produce freshwater).

Uncontaminated groundwater is the most readily available source of freshwater. It represents about 90% of
the world’s readily available freshwater source, followed by reservoirs, lakes, and rivers.

According to the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP 2007), there is enough freshwater on the
planet to meet our needs. However, freshwater is not evenly distributed around the world, and much of it is
wasted, polluted, or unsustainably managed in areas where freshwater is available.

Water for human use may come from the following sources:

1. Rivers. Rivers that are considered more useful are those that are flowing so that replenishment is
apparent. River water usually comes from a larger freshwater source upslope, water from underground,
snow, or from rainfall. The flow of a river fluctuates over time. The river’s water discharge is crucial in
determining if it can be a primary source of water for community use.

2. Reservoirs or lakes. These water sources usually are surface runoffs and may be groundwater seepage, or
from rivers or rainfall that have accumulated in a low area. If reservoirs are to be used on a larger scale, the
amount lost due to evaporation or seepage should be considered aside from the average volume of water in
the lake.

3. Groundwater. Groundwater is an important source of water for small-scale use. It is found beneath
Earth’s surface. Groundwater is pumped up to the surface before it can be used. Pumping groundwater wells
is common all over the world. In most cases, the water from underground contains large amounts of
minerals. Water with high amounts of natural minerals and chemicals is called “hard from “Groundwater
may be found in coastal plains as well. The quality of water coming from these areas is brackish or saline
due to its proximity to the sea. Inland groundwater may also be brackish water.” Especially in places where
the soil contains much soluble salts.

SOIL RESOURCES

Soil is the thin top layer of Earth's crust. Note that land refers to the part of Earth that is not water, it is the
part of the land that consists of minerals, organic material, organisms, water, and air.

The most important use of soil is for crop production. If the soil is fertile or suitable for crop cultivation, it is
considered arable. Arable land refers also to those that have the potential to be cultivated, such as land
whose soil and climate are suitable for agriculture. Arable lands have sufficient freshwater for irrigation,
enough minerals in the soil, suitable temperature, and the right amount of salts and moisture.

WHAT’S MORE?
 Coal - A carbon rich deposit formed from dead plant material through the process of coalification.

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  Coalification - It results to the production of different ranks of coal from peat to lignite to bituminous
coal to anthracite.
 Concentrated Solar Power - uses the heat of the sun instead of light to generate electricity.
 Fossil fuel - It is a general term used to refer to all deposits of organic materials capable of being
burnt as fuels.
 Geothermal Energy - It refers to the heat contained within the planet although some use the term to
indicate the part of the Earth's heat that can be exploited and used by humans.
 Hydroelectric energy - it is the generation of electricity by using the energy from the flowing water.
 Natural Gas - The cleanest energy alternative because it emits less harmful by-products than other
fossil fuels do.
 Oil - It is also known as petroleum. It is a black, thick and mushy liquid. It is commonly found
between rock layers.
 Peatification - It involves partial decay of plant debris in swampy, waterlogged environments.
 Photovoltaic Panels - specialized panels used to convert visible light to electricity.
 Solar Energy - It is the energy received by the planet from the sun.

WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?

As our way of life is becoming more advanced, there is a higher demand for natural resources because most
of the products we use are derived and processed from materials found on Earth. In addition to this, the basic
materials on Earth cannot meet the needs of our growing population. Currently, the rate of extraction or
withdrawal is faster than the rate of replenishment or recharge which puts the resource under stress as it fails
to provide its full potential. Minerals, water, energy sources, and soils are but a few examples of natural
resources that are essential to human being's existence. If the current alarming rate of resource extraction is
not addressed, future generations may suffer the consequences.

ASSESSMENT
Answer the following:
 How are nonrenewable sources different from renewable sources of energy? Explain their difference in
terms of their effect on the environment and manner by which they are harnessed.
 Differentiate the types of fossil fuels. Why are they called fossil fuels?
 Why is there only 1% of the world’s waters available for human consumption?
 What are the available sources of water for humans? Are they found everywhere?
 Why is soil important to humans?

REFERENCE/S
 Oliva, M. (2019). Earth Science (Second Edition, pp. 83-92). Diwa Learning Systems, Inc.
 Studocu. Earth Science SHS Unit 6 Energy Resources (Study Guide).
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/western-visayas-college-of-science-and-technology/health-and-
science/earth-science-shs-unit-6-energy-resources-study-guide/26641397

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Prepared by:

AARON PAUL D. TAÑEDO

SHS Teacher

Verified by:

MIKE ROMAR C. YALUNG

Grade 11 Coordinator

Checked and Approved by:

PERLITA C. FERMIN MA. Ling.

Principal, Basic Education

ELEANOR G. HILARIO Ed.D.

VP for Tertiary and Basic Education

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