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She's not very in the way she treats her children; they may be punished today for Something they were rewarded for yesterday! 1) dominant 2) restrictive 3) consistent 4) proportional She has the the university this year, 1) extraction 2) detection 3) distinetion 4) simulation Fivancial --—-—— on the company are preventing them from employing new staff. 1) resolutions 2) deductions 3) approaches 4) constraints The pattern ——— from our analysis of the accident data show, that bad roads are responshible for the majority of accidents. 1) occurring 2) assuming 3) identifying 4) emerging The changes to the national health system will be next year; people won't have to Worry about long waiting lists for hospitals anymore. 1) converted 2) intervened 3) accompanied 4) implemented The course is essentially theoretical in-———~--, but you'll need some Practical work experience before you cam apply for the job, 1) process 2) function 3) orientation 4) exploitation Ane feport suggests that there has only been a(n) ———-- improvement ia women's pay over the past few years. 1) ultimate 2) eventual 3) marginal 4) enormous She gave me this jumper, which she had ——-- herself. 1) knitted 2) knitted it 3) been knitted 4) been knitted it The teacher suggested that Ali —— the lesson at least twice before taking the test. 1) reviews 2) review 3) reviewed 4) reviewing He was in such bad shape and asked for my help. It was impossible to 1) refuse 2) refusing 3) refused 4) be refused: Part B: Cloze Test Ditections: Read the following passage and decide which choice (1), (2), 3), or (4) best fits each blank, Then mark your choice on your answer sheet, Hurricane Floyd, one of the most powerful storms ever (11) the Central Bahamas and set its sights (12) strong winds of up to 200 kph., (13) Forecasters say Floyd is capable of (14) have ordered more than two million people (15) “-~ in the Atlantic, has pounded Florida. The storm brought heavy rains and residents sought refuge in boarded up homes. destruction and the states of Florida and Georgia the Atlantic shoreline, 1) recoding 2) to record 3) recorded 4) was recorded Ho 2)on 3)in 4) from Tas 2) that 3) whose 4) which 1) mass 2) a mass 3) the mass 4) that mass 1) evacuated 2) to evacuate 3) for evacuation 4) evacuatingONT a) pened hy Part C: Reading Comprehension Directions: Read the following three passages and choose the best choice (1), (2), (3), or (4). 16- 18- rhen mark it on your answer sheet, PASSAGE 1 The theory of island ‘biogeography holds that the number of species found on an island (the equilibrium number) is determined by two factors, the effect of distance from the mainland and the effect of island size. These would affect the rate of extinction on the islands and the level of immigration. Islands closer to the mainland are more likely to receive immigrants from the mainland than those farther away from the mainland. The equilibrium number of an island close to Africa is going to be larger than that of one found in the mid-Atlantic. This is the distance effect. The size effect reflects a long known relationship between island size and species diversity. On smaller islands that chance of extinction is greater than on larger ones, Thus larger {slands can hold more species than smaller ones. The play between these two factors can be used to establish how many species an island can hold at equilibrium. The theory of island biogeography was tested by Wilson and his student Daniel Simberloit in the mangroves off Florida. Small islands of mangroves were surveyed then fumigated with methyl bromide to clear their insect and arthropod communities. The jslands were then monitored to study the immigration of species to the islands (the experimental equivalent of the creation of new islands). Within a year the islands had been recolonised, and had reached equilibrium, with islands closer to the mainland having more species, as predicted. Research conducted at the rainforest research station on Baro Colorado Island has yielded a large number of publications conceming the ecological changes following the formation of islands, such as the local extinetion of large predators and the subsequent changes in prey populations. Itis stated in the passage that the ~ 1) effect of island size is determined by the effect of distance from the mainland 2) mainland usually has islands close to it which are attractive enough to receive immigrants 3) theory of island biogeography is mainly composed of the idea of the equilibrium aumber 4) rate of extinction on the island and the level of immigration are influenced by two factors ‘Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 1) There is somtimes no species diversity on an island. 2) Species diversity is independent of the island size. 3) There is a better species diversity in larger islands. 4) African islands normally have a lorge equilibrium number. ‘The passage mentions that 1) Wilson and simberloff actually managed to create new islands. 2) mangrove islands are usually covered by anthropod communities 3) Wilson and Simberloff studied the mangroves on islands carefully 4) the theory of island biogeography is based on some strong hypotheses ‘Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 1) Barro Colorado Island is near a rainforest research station. 2) The mangroves off Florida provide great species diversity. 3) Large predators often disappear after the formation of islands. 44) Some of the biggest mangrove islands in the US are near Florida. ‘The word fumigated’ in line 14 can best be replaced by ———-——. 1) cleaned" 2) occurred’ 3) mixed’ 4) ‘poisoned’a. 23- 24. es PASSAGE 2: ‘The principal feature of the bottom topography of the Atlantic Ocean is a great submarine mountain range called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. It extends from Iceland in the north to approximately 58° South latitude, reaching a maximum width of about 1,600 kilometres (1,000 mi). A great rift valley also extends along the ridge over most offits length. The depth of water over the ridge is less than 2,700 m (8,900 ff) in most places, and several mountain peaks rise above the water and form islands. The South Atlantic Ocean has an additional submarine ridge, the Walvis Ridge. The Mid. Atlantic Ridge separates the Atlantic Ocean into two large troughs with depths averaging between 3,700 and 5,500 metres (12,000 and 18,000 ft). Transverse vides nunning between the continents and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge divide the ocean floor into humerous basins. Some of the larger basins are the Guiana, North American, Cape Verde, and Canaries basins in the North Atlantic, The largest South Atlantic basing are the Angola, Cape, Argentina, and Brazil basins. The deep ocean floor is thought 19 be fairly flat, although numerous seamounts and some guyots exist. Several deeps or trenches are also found on the ocean floor. The Puerto Rico Trench, in the North Atlantic, is the deepest. The Laurentian Abyss is found off the easter coast of Canada. In the South Atlantic, the South Sandwich Trench reaches a depth of 8,428 metres (27,651 ft). A third major trench, the Romanche Trench, is located near the equator and reaches a depth of about 7,454 metres (24,455 ft). The shelves along the margins of the continents constitute about 11% of the bottom topography. Several deep channels cut across the continental rise. Which of the following about the Mid-Atlantic Ridge is TRUE according to the passage? 1) Itis mostly over 2700m below the sea surface. 2) It reaches its makium width at a latitude of about 8°. 3) Itis not accompanied by a valley over its entire length. 4) It forms a mountain range together with the Atlantic Ocean. Itis stated in the passage that the 1) North Atlantic contains the largest basins in the Atlantic ocean 2) ocean floor in the Mid-Atlantic region consists of numerous basins 3) Mid-Atlantic Ridge develops into the Walvis Ridge in the South Atlantic 4) Atlantic ocean is not at its deepest in the area near the Mid-Atlantic Ridge The passage mentions tha 1) the eastern coast of Canada is near the Laurentian Abyss 2) South Atlantic basins are larger than the North Atlantic ones 3) the Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest trench in the oceans’ floor 4) the oecan floor at its deepest is not generally even Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 1) The Angola is one of the largest of South Atlantic basins, 2) The continental rise and several deep channels are separate, 3) The Romanch and South Sandwich Trench are near the equator. 4) The margins of the continents form about 11% of the North Atlantic. ‘The word ‘transverse’ in line 9 is most closely related to the shape of a 1)'bar’ 2) cross! 3) ‘mountain’ 4) 'tiver’ OWT 45) games hy26- 27. 29- 30- Faaio OMY a8) gaeat ob PASSAGI : ‘The early concepts of soil were based on ideas developed by a German chemist, Justus von Liebig (1803 — 1873), and modified and refined by agricultural scientists who worked on samples of soil in laboratories, greenhouses, and on small field plots. The soils were rarely examined below the depth of normal tillage. These chemists held the "balance-sheet” theory of plant nutrition. Soil was considered a more or less Static storage bin for plant nutrients—the soils could be used and replaced. This concept still has value when applied within the framework of modem soil science, although a useful understanding of soils goes beyond the removal of nutrients from soil by harvested crops and their retum in manure, lime, and fertilizer. The early geologists generally accepted the balance-sheet theory of soil fertility and applied it ‘within the framework of their own discipline, They described soil as disintegrated rock of various sorts—granite, sandstone and the like. They went further, however, and described how the weathering processes modified this material and how geologic processes shaped it into landforms such as glacial moraines and marine terraces Geologist N. 8. Shaler’s (1841 - 1906) monograph (1891) on the origin and nature of soils summarized the late 19th century geological concept of soils. Early soil surveys were made to help farmers locate soils responsive to different management practices and to help them decide what crops and management practices were most suitable for the particular kinds of soil on their farms. Many of the early workers were geologists because only geologists were skilled in the necessary field methods and in scientific correlation appropriate to the study of soils. They conceived soils as mainly the weathering products of geologic formations, defined by landform and lithologic composition. Most of the soil surveys published before 1910 were strongly influenced by these concepts. ‘Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? 1) Normall tillage was seldom examined below its surface for soil. 2) Agricultural scientists did not originally develop the early concepts of soil. 3) Laboratories, greenhouses and small field plots provided the best samples of soil for study. 4) Plant nutrition was considered to take place at the level of balance sheet by chemists. It is stated in the passage that ————-. 1) plant nutrients provide a static storage bin for soil 2) early geologist believed that soil is the origin of disintegrated rocks 3) the idea that soils could be used and replaced is totally discredited today 4) the balance sheet theory of soil fertility was not rejected by early geologists Which of the following about the early geologists and their findings is TRUE according to the passage? 1) Their overall findings are perhaps best expressed in Shaler’s 1891 treatise 2) They helped shaler develop his monograph on the origin and nature of soil 3) They discovered the importance of sandstone in the development of granite. 4) They thought glacial moraines and marine terraces shape soil systems ‘The passage mentions that ———-. 1) geologists and farmers both knew how to use soil science and the necessary field methods 2) soil surveys in the 19th century were often based on findings useful for the practical exploitation of soil 3) weathering products and geologic formation informed most of the research done on soil before 1910 4) farmers were able to leam about soils suitable to their management practices based on early soil surveys The passage is taken from a longer text on 1) history of soil science 2) soil surveys in the 19th century 3) farmers as the first soil experts 4) effect of soil on farming methodsetd SOS pdt Syl SK Sly bal 8 oF alee GiB ame legasys Gig DU rate \ 827090 sly gs To/000 7 an Vi¥e/000 shapely gs hdejooe GF V¥0/90 ky 3 \ dojene (r wn 99T 8Y ah hgSrg aly Se A ileal aye so ELT BBS oy a3 () Ss NI HUSH (F IM SIM ee er Sotho SF a Ke iat gt mens lle Fy lynn) gp jase aay we (1 PPS ee a de Sole Sle ye 9 Ib aoe va 100 Sopa eb SILL jh ag OV OF soya ay wnt) Fel 5225-57 Gai dr ily ake HS NS eoldulayya ViTG09 4) as00 20 Popes oll haa AS HSH 59) 9 raf abel i FeiLGl lp eos Sas OF our zs sala (F anuel — a1 abl pl ch le clan 39 £6 19 plays wn SP FS SEES a Se Fe JY SH Ke bs plat 9 () 2B Se cayye Jia ty gn OF rt Reh SEALS 50S y0 1h Wagdie 3 gj HEHE! 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