IRISH ANNE ALCANTARA STATISTICS AND PROBABILITY

ABM 11 - DESCARTES Q3-W4 PERFORMANCE TASK#2

SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING

SITUATION:
The names of 10 ABM STUDENTs being chosen out of a hat from a
San Agustin High School of 28 ABM STUDENTS. In this case, the
population is all 28 ABM STUDENTS, and the sample is random
because each ABM STUDENT has an equal chance of being chosen.

THE STEP-by-STEP PROCESS FOR SIMPLE RANDOM

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE (FISHBOWL TECHNIQUE)

STEP 1: Prepare the list of the names of all the elements of the
population.
STEP 2: Write down the names of all the students/members of the
population on strips of paper.
STEP 3: Place the strips of paper in a bowl or container.

STEP 4: Draw sample as desired.

SYSTEMATIC RANDOM SAMPLING

SITUATION:
Janina can give a survey to every fourth sit audience that comes into
the MaloFest Event.
For this simple example, let’s say you have a population of 100
audiences, so you’ll assign the numbers 1 to 100 to the group.
For this example, let’s say you need a sample of 25 people.
your population is 100 and your sample size is 4, so:
100 / 4 = 25
This is your “nth” sampling digit (i.e. you’ll choose every 4th item)
 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90
 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100

THE STEP-by-STEP PROCESS FOR SYSTEMATIC

RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

STEP 1: Assign a number to every element in your population.

STEP 2: Decide how large your sample size should be.

STEP 3: Divide the population by your sample size.

STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING

SITUATION:
To lower the cost and difficulty of your study, you may want to
sample urban subjects by going door-to-door, but rural subjects using
Twitter.
We are interested in how having an accounting degree affects
the wage gap between gender identities among graduates of a certain
public university.
Because only a small proportion of this university’s graduates
have obtained an Accounting degree, using a simple random sample
would likely give you a sample size too small to properly compare the
differences between men, women, and those who do not identify as men
or women with an Accounting degree versus those without one.
Therefore, We decide to use a stratified sample, relying on a list
provided by the Public University of all its graduates within the last ten
years.
THE STEP-by-STEP PROCESS FOR STRATIFIED
RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

STEP 1: Define your population and subgroups.

If you were stratifying by both race and gender identity, using four
groups for the former and three for the latter, you would have 4 x 3 = 12
groups in total. (Your population is all graduates of the university within
the last ten years. You will stratify by both gender identity and degree
received.)
STEP 2: Separate the population into strata.
We compile a list of every graduate’s name, gender identity, and
the degree that they obtained. Using this list, you stratify on two
characteristics: gender identity, with three strata (male, female, and
other), and degree, with three strata (bachelor’s, master’s, and
doctorate).
Characteristic Strata Groups
Gender Identity > FEMALE 1. Male bachelor’s graduates,

>MALE 2. Female bachelor’s graduates,

> OTHERS 3. Other bachelor’s graduates

4. Male master’s graduates,

5. Female master’s graduates,
6. Other master’s graduates

Degree > Bachelor’s 7. Male accounting graduates

>Master’s 8. Female accounting graduates,

>Accounting 9. Other accounting graduates

STEP 3: Decide on the sample size for each stratum.

Because you need to ensure your sample size of
Accounting .graduates is large enough, you decide to use
disproportionate sampling.
Even though Accounting students make up a small proportion of the
overall student population, your sample is about ⅓ bachelor’s graduates,
⅓ master’s graduates, and ⅓ Accounting graduates.
STEP 4: Randomly sample from each stratum.
CLUSTER RANDOM SAMPLING

SITUATION:
You are interested in the average reading level of all the tenth-
graders in San Agustin High School.
It would be very difficult to obtain a list of all tenth-graders and
collect data from a random sample spread data to your school. However,
you can easily obtain a list of all schools and collect data from a subset
of these. You thus decide to use the cluster sampling method.
THE STEP-by-STEP PROCESS FOR CLUSTER
RANDOM SAMPLING TECHNIQUE

STEP 1: Define your population.

STEP 2: Divide your sample into clusters.

STEP 3: Randomly select clusters to use as your sample.

STEP 4: Collect data from the sample.