● Recurring decimals

Example :
Change 0.473473473 into a fraction
f =0.473
1000 f =473.473
999 f =473
473
f=
999

● Direct proportional & Inverse proportional

Direct : y ∝ x therefore y=kx
1 1
Inverse : y ∝ therefore y=
x x

● Simple & Compound interest

Simple : PRT %
Compound : P ¿ ( If increase then 1+R% , If decrease then 1-R% )
Where P = Principal , R = Rate of interest , T = Time

● Speed, Distance & Time

Distance
Speed=
Time
Distanc e travelled =Area under the graph
Velocit y Final−Velocit y Initial
Acceleration= If answer = -ve then Deceleration
time

● Quadratic Factorisation
2
a x +bx+ ¿
−b ± √ ❑
x=
❑

● Reciprocal Graphs ( Hyperbola ) - same concept as tanθ Quadrant

a
f (x)=
x
If a = +ve then line will be in 1st & 3rd Quadrant
If a = -ve then line will be in 2nd & 4th Quadrant
● Differentiation
dy
=0 for Turning Point / Stationary Point
dx
dy
1st Derivate : or f ' (x)
dx
2
d y
2nd Derivate : 2
or f ' ' (x)
dx
Determine Nature of Stationary Point :
d2 y
2
>0 Minimum Point
dx
d2 y
<0 Maximum Point
d x2
Gradient of Turning Point :
dy
¿ =Gradient
dx x=?
● Inequalities
If x <3 x−1<2 x +7 then x <3 x−1 and 3 x−1<2 x+7
f ( x)<0 then smaller< x <bigger
f ( x)=0 then x=smaller x=bigger
f ( x)>0 then x <smaller x >bigger

● Sequences ( check past yr tr cryzel )

Arithmetic Sequences : a+(n−1)d
Geometric Sequences : a r n −1
Qudratic Sequences : a n 2+ bn+ c
Cubic Sequences : a n 3+ b n2 +cn+d

● Functions
Composite Function : fg( x ) ( Substitute x=g( x ) )
Inverse Function : f −1 (x) ( Let y=x and x= y then make x the subject )
f (2) ( Substitute x=2 )
● Geometry
Similarity : AAA ( Angle-Angle-Angle ) ⟶ All the corresponding angles of the triangles must
be
equal
Congruence : SSS ( Side-Side-Side ) ⟶ All the three sides of the triangles must be equal
Congruence : RHS ( Right angle - Hypoteneus - Side ) ⟶ There must be 2 right-angled triangles
Congruence : SAS ( Side-Angle-Side ) ⟶ The angle of the adjacent sides must be equal
Congruence : ASA ( Angle-Side-Angle ) ⟶ The sides adjacent to the equal angles must be of
the
same length

Triangles :
1. Acute scalene triangle
2. Equalateral triangle
3. Isosceles triangle
4. Obtuse scalene triangle
5. Isosceles right triangle
6. Right-angled triangle

Polygons :
● Sum of angles at a point = 360°
● Angles on a straight line = 180°
● Sum of angles in a triangle = 180°
 360°
● For regular polygon ⟶ External angles = ⟶ Internal angles =
n
360°
180 °−
n
● For irregular polygon
Sum of exterior angles = 360°
Sum of interior angles = 180(n−2)
Angle in parallel lines :

Others Angle :

Circle Theorm :
 ● Mensuration
Area of Parallelogram = b × h
1
Area of Trapezium = ( a+b)h
2
Area of Circle = 𝜋 r 2
2 θ
Area of a Sector = 𝜋 r ×
360
1
Area of any triangle = ab sin C
2
Cuboid
⟶ Surface area = 2 lw+2 hl+2 hw
⟶ Volume = hlw
Cylinder
⟶ Curved surface area = 2 𝜋rh
⟶ Volume = 𝜋 r 2 h
Cone
⟶ Curved surface area = 𝜋rl
1 2
⟶ Volume = ( 𝜋 r h)
3
Sphere
⟶ Surface area = 4 𝜋 r 2
4
⟶ Volume = 𝜋 r3
3
Hemisphere
⟶ Surface area = 2 𝜋 r 2
2 3
⟶ Volume = 𝜋r
3

Mass
Density=
Volume

● Scale factor
If two shapes are mathematically similar then :
Image
k=
Object
2 Are aImage
k =
Are aObject
Volum e Image
k 3=
Volum e Object

● Equation of a straight line

y=mx+c
y 2− y 1
m=
x 2−x 1
x1 + x 2 y 1 + y 2
midpoint=( , )
2 2
Length=√ ❑
Perpendicular=m1 m2 =−1
● Trigonometry
Bearings ⟶ An angle measured from the north
⟶ Clockwise direction
⟶ Written as three-figure number ( e.g 000° to 360° )
2 2 2
a + b =c
opposite adjacent opposite
SOH CAH TOA where sin θ= cos θ= tanθ=
Hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent
Where Hypotenuse = longest length Adjadent = beside θ Opposite = opposite θ
a b
Sine Rules : =
sin A sin B
Cosine Rules : a 2=b2 +c 2−2 bc cos A

● Vectors
a ( ~ underneath ) = Vector a
x
Column vector : ( )
y
a a
Parallel vector : k ( ) is parallel to ( ) then prove ratio ? :?
b b

| |
Modulus vector : ( )
a
b
then ¿ √❑ units

● Transformation
Reflection ( Mirror line ) : When describing a reflection, the position of the mirror line is
essential ( e.g x=2 )
Rotation ( Vector / Draw line ) : The centre, angle and direction of rotation are needed to
describe a rotation.
( e.g rotation of 90° clockwise from the centre (0,0) )
Translation ( Vector ) : When describing a translation, it is necessary to give the translation
vector
length of image
Enlargement ( Vector / Draw line ) : Scale Factor =
length of object
If k > 0, both object and image lie on the same side of the centre of enlargement
If k < 0, object and image lie on opposite side of the centre of enlargement

● Simple Trigonometry Graph

For f (x)=sin x and f ( x)=cos x
⟶ Calculator mode ⟶ table ⟶ f ( x)=sin x ⟶ input start 0 ; end 360 ; step 60 ⟶ then
draw based on data provided.
For f (x)=tan x
⟶ Memorise : 3 x -intercepts point at 0° , 180° and 360°. Goes infinity at 90° and 270°

● Upper and lower bound

Lower ≤ x< Upper
Upper Bound
Maximum output ( Maximum Bound)=
Lower Bound
 Lower Bound
Minimum output ( Minimum Bound)=
Upper Bound
⟶ Cross division method among 2 upper and lower bound

● Stem-and-Leaf diagram ( 3m 1r )
For ( mean ) add everything and divide according the n
For ( median ) total number from question divide 2 and find median )
For ( mode ) most frequent data in single column of stem-and-leaf diagram
For ( range ) Highest Data - Lowest Data