Project report

of physics
on

Electromagnetic spectrum

submitted to: sumitted by :

mrs. sonika karan yadav

class XII (non-med)
roll no.
The Electromagnetic Spectrum
by Dr. Syed Ibrahim

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 1

 What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

• The electromagnetic spectrum is the complete

spectrum (or continuum) of all forms of “light”

• An electromagnetic wave consists of electric and

magnetic fields which vibrate - thus making waves.

• Vibrations

2
 What is the Electromagnetic Spectrum?

• The electromagnetic spectrum consists of:

• radio waves
• cell phone waves
• microwaves
• radar waves
• infrared waves
• visible light waves
• ultraviolet waves
• x-ray waves
• gamma waves

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 3

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 4
 Waves
• Properties of electromagnetic waves include speed,
frequency and wavelength

• Speed (s), frequency (f) and wavelength (l) are

related in the formula:

• s=f x l

• All light waves travel at a speed of 3 x 108 m/s in a

vacuum
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 5
 Relationship Between
Wavelength & Frequency

All parts of the electromagnetic spectrum

travel at the same speed
Therefore, wavelength and frequency have an
indirect relationship.
This means that as one characteristic
increases, the other decreases
In other words, as wavelength increases,
frequency decreases
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 6
 Relationship Between
Wavelength & Frequency

• As wavelength decreases, frequency will?

• increase

• See the relationship

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 7

 Wavelength, Frequency, Energy
• Electromagnetic wave characteristics:
– short wavelengths have a high frequency
– long wavelengths have a low frequency

• Electromagnetic waves & Energy:

– high frequency waves have high energy
– low frequency waves have low energy

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 8

 Wavelength & Energy

smaller wavelengths increasing frequency increasing energy

If you haven’t already, sketch this drawing into your

notes. Don’t worry so much about the actual
wavelengths, just get the general shape and where the
various forms of light (radio, infrared, x-ray, etc) exist.
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 10
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 11
 Radio waves
• Low energy waves with longest wavelengths
• Includes FM, AM, radar and TV waves
• Wavelengths of 1 m (10 -1 m) and longer
• Low frequency
• Used in many devices such as remote control items, cell
phones, wireless devices, etc.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 12

 Microwaves
Only radio waves are longer

Wavelength 1 x 10-1 m to 1 x
10 - 4 m (1 m to 0.001 m)

used for communication,

medicine and consumer use
(microwave ovens)

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 13

 Infrared waves
• Invisible electromagnetic waves
that are detected as heat

• Can be detected with special

devices such as night goggles

• Used in heat lamps

• Higher energy than microwaves

but lower than visible light
The Electromagnetic Spectrum 14
 Visible Light

• The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that

human eyes can detect

• ROY G BIV (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo,

violet)

• Which color has the lowest frequency?

• red has the lowest frequency – violet the highest

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 15

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 16
 Ultraviolet waves
• Higher energy than light waves

• Can cause skin cancer and blindness in

humans

• Used in tanning beds and sterilizing

equipment

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 17

 X-Rays
• High energy waves

• Used in medicine, industry

and astronomy

• Can cause cancer

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 18

 Gamma rays
• Highest energy

• Blocked from Earth’s

surface by atmosphere

The Electromagnetic Spectrum 19

 IMAGES
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INFORMATION SOURCE
. NCERT
. https://www.quora.com/
. https://www.wikipedia.org/