Professional Documents
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TOFD Presentation
TOFD Presentation
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The Diffraction Phenomenon
Huygens' principle:
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TOFD CONCEPT & THEORY
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TOFD Standing Wave Pattern
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Typical TOFD Display
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TOFD Waveform with Mid-wall Discontinuity
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TOFD Depth Measurement
Beam angle, transducer size, and PCS set to flood weld volume.
Uni-axial scan along weld length “B or D Scanning mode”.
Dead zone near test surface due to inability to resolve flaws from
lateral wave.
Maximum thickness (single scan) is about 2-2.5 inches.
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Near-Surface Dead Zone
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Improved Near-Surface Detection and Sizing
Resolution
• Narrower PCS.
• Higher frequency probes.
• heavier probe damping (broader bandwidth).
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Depth Zone Coverage
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2-Dimensional Raster Scan TOFD
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TOFD Image Showing No Indications
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Creep Macro-Crack
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TOFD technique advantages
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TOFD technique advantages
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Codes and standard
British Standard.
European
ASME
ASTM
API 1104 “19th Edition”
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Codes and standard
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TOFD Limitations
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