F L A G S OF

AMERICA
F r o m the time
o f Columbus to ?

the present day

yr

SESQUI-CENTENNIAL E D I T I O N

Compliments
. . ,
of
THE JOHN W A N A M A K E R STORE
PHILADELPHIA
 Firse E d i t i o n , June, 1926, 1 0 5 , 0 0 0
Second E d i c i o n , July, 1926, 125,000

Copyright 1926
JOHN WANAMAKER
Philadelphia
¢
socal WIRD« +

F L A G S OF A M E R I C A
c o n t I d e e

T H E N A T I O N A L EMBLEM
T h e date of the birth o f the Stars and Stripes was
June 14, 1777, and its creation was proclaimed in a
resolution o f the Continental Congress:
?Resolved; That the flag of the thirteen United
States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white ;
?that the union be thirteen stars, white in a blue field,
representing a new constellation.?

On January 13, 1794, Congress passed the following

act, Which was approved by President Washington.

? B e i t enacted, etc., T h a t from and after the f i r s t

day of M a y , one thousand seven hundred and ninety-
five, the f l a g of the United States be fifteen stripes,
alternate red and white, and that the union be fifteen
stars, white in a blue field.?

O n the 4th day o f A p r i l , 1818, Congress passed the

act fixing the number o f stripes, and the date and man-
ner o f arrangement o f additional stars.
?*A n A c t to establish the f l a g of the United States.
Sec. I. Be i t enacted, etc., T h a t from and after the
fourth day o f July next the f l a g of the United States
be thirteen stripes alternate red and white; that the
union have.twenty stars white i n a blue field.
?Sec. 2. A n d be it further enacted that, on the
admission of every new State into the Union, one s?ar
be added to the union o f the f l a g : and that such
addition shall take effect on the fourth of July next
succeeding such admission.
??
Approved A p r i l 4, 1818.?
 nme oe

. FLAGS OF AMERICA 0

When Freedom from her mountain-height

Unfurled her standard to the dir,
She tore the azure robe o f night,
A n d set the stars of glory there.
She mingled with its gorgeous dyes '

The milky baldric of the skies,

And striped its pure, celestial white
With streakings of the morning light.
f r o m ? T h e A m e r i c a n Flag??
Joseph R o d m a n Drake, 1795-1820
R e

A song for our banner! The watchword recall

Which gave the Republic her station:
?United we stand, divided we f a l l ! ?
I t made and preserves us a nation!
George P. M o r r i s , 1802-1864
woke
Idee

F L A G S OF A M E R I C A
oc
e r

M Y F L A G

S |
EXT to the love of mother in every human
heart comes the love that is born in the
heart o f every native American for the flag o f
Our Country.

These t w o loves are different f r o m all others.

They never die down or flicker out.

Absent from home and journeying across the

sea, when the flags of all the nations are displayed
upon occasions, in the big ship?s salon, how dis-
tinctly dear Old Glory rises above all others!

The sight of the Stars and Stripes at the mast-

head o f a vessel in a foreign port stirs the heart
o f every true American to its deepest depths, as
he stands with head bared, reverently recalling its
solemn and glorious history.

Under the dear old flag every man is free to

live, think, labor, and worship his God as his
conscience dictates, and no power on earth can
molest or prevent him.

pow
5
 O T K
FLAGS OF A M E R I C A
mmr
oct

| FIRST WALKED UP TO THE CITY

THROUGH ??LONG LANE?
? t h e n ending at Schuylkill-Sixth?? and Pine Streets?
???

when a boy eight years old, and have resided in what is

now the city ever since.
George Washington had been dead 47 years ; Benjamin
Franklin 56 years; and people were still talking about
them.
?

Like myself, many others have ??seen?? the growth

and development of Philadelphia, che great metropolis
o f the great State o f Pennsylvania. The population of
the city seventy years ago was less than 400,000. Today
the population is 1,800,000.
>The look backward is interesting and worthwhile, but
The Looking Forward Club is the one most wanted now.
I t should have a million eight hundred thousand mem-
bers?the entire p o p u l a? fto ir mo i nng into companies
and organizing to boom the city (except for its own
conveniences, and contracts, and benefits, and for indi-
vidual exploitation) as the first of all cities and always a
city o f the first class.
I t has done nothing to put forward the city as a great
city since the Centennial of 1876. We have stopped
w i t h the graves o f our fathers. The growth of the city
is a two-story-four-rooms-and-a-kitchen growth.
Are we to wait for 1976 to show our hand again in
another Centennial? W h y not celebrate the century and
a half in 1926, and begin to get ready now?
Public sentiment for the 1876 exhibition began ten
years before the time to get Government support an
necessary legislation.
-
Are there any sons left o f those who toiled in old times
to make the city head the list, w i l l i n g to take off their
coats and go to work for a great future of Philadelphia?

August 5, 1916.
Res
 IRDe=

F L A G S OF A M E R I C A
e e n } D & +

Rar e abobo
t rafl g
?ch
H o n . John W a n a m a k e r
raised the first m i l l i o n
y ?.e d Hs he , dollars f o r the Centen-
n i a l E x h i b i t i o n o f 1876.
H e was a M e m b e r o f
(oP f e a " the Centennial B o a r d o f
fronceA n y t ant of Finance; Chairman o f
the Cencennial Celebra-
Ditty Vicforen, tion in I n d e p e n d e n c e
Square, 1 8 7 6 ; Pioneer,
P r o s t , bead obF w . 1916, o f the S e s q u i - .

Te k o nied ino? C e n t e n n i a l idea for

~

1926.

ALL 4 hay 060040

?ej
omy
Bilin toe higPoe

Reproductions o f both
sides o f n o t e b o o k l e a f
o n w h i c h , i n 1921,
H o n . John W a n a m a k e r
penciled his second e d i -
t o r i a l f u r c h e r i n g che
Sesqui-Cencennial idea.
H i s firse edicorial is on
the preceding page.
we F L A G S OF A M E R I C A ee
a,

F L A G S of A M E R I C A

O f the earliest flags used by the Colonists it js

supposed that the Mayflower carried the cross of
St. George, the common ensign o f English ships,
when the Pilgrim Fathers disembarked at Ply-
mouth in 1620. In 1634 there were many
objections to the cross, and the colony was
permitted to substitute the King?s Arms.
The pine tree and rattlesnake were favorite
emblems of colonial days, after the crosses of
St. George and St. Andrew grew unpopular, but
the flag adopted by Congress on June 14, 1776,
ended all confusion. It was in Philadelphia that
the Committee, of which General Washington
was Chairman, planned and had executed the
flag first showing both the starry field and the
red and white stripes. The story goes that at the
suggestion of Betsy Ross, the seamstress, the six-
pointed stars suggested by Washington were made
five-pointed because each could be cut with one
snip of the scissors. Authorities say, however,
that the six-pointed star would not have been
suggested by General Washington, for the reason
that it was in use in the British Coat o f Arms, ?

and that the five-pointed star of friendly France

and Holland was more popular.
This flag probably received its baptism of fire
at Fort Schuyler, then besieged by the British.
€ garrison tore up linen shirts for the white
stripes, patched together bits of scarlet cloth for
the red, and the blue they made from a cloak
captured froma British officer.

8
o t IRDes

FLAGS OF A M E R I C A
oil

1
R o y a l Standard o f
Spain.
C a r r i e d by C o l u m b u s w h e n
he landed ac San Salvador,
O c t o b e r 12, 1492. T h e house
?of Castile is represented by
t w o castles on a red field, and
the house o f Leon by t w o
lions on a white field.

2
Cross o f St. George.
1494-1707.
It is believed thac chis flag
was flying f r o m the foretop
o f the M a y f l o w e r when the
Pilgrim Fathers landed at
Plymouth in 1620.

3
T h e King?s Colors.
1606-1707.
The Cross o f Sc. George
and the Cross o f St. Andrew
were united i n 1606. The
Sc. George Cross represented
South Bricain or England, and
the Cross o f Sct. A n d r e w ? a
white cross on blue ground,
the flag o f the Scors f r o m the
time o f che Crusades?rep-
resenting Scotland or N o r t h
Britain.

4
Provincial Flag o f Mas-
sachusetts. 1635.
C o m p l a i n t being m a d e by
the C o l o n i s t s thac the use o f
crosses w a s idolactrous, che
Milicary Commissioners o f
Massachusetts decided t o sub-
sticuce the King?s Colors, and
this w a s t h e firse step o f che
Colonists i n selecting a flag.
? F L A G S OF A M E R I C A ?
?och

Three County Troop

F l a g . 1659.

In che early days o f the

Colonies this was the flag
adopted by the m i l i t a r y com-
panies formed in three coun-
ties o f Massachusetts?Essex
Suffolk and Middlesex. The
m o t t o , ?Thre County Trom,??
is supposed to be an error.

6
St. George Canton Flag,
1679-1775,
T h i s is the English red
ensign w i c h the Cross o f Sr.
George on a w h i t e canton on
the upper l e f t corner. This
was the English flag used on
land, and was popular w i t h
the Colonists prior t o the
Revolution.

7
White Canton English
Flag. 1680.
O b j e c t i o n s t o che C r o s s
w e r e raised b y a s m a l l body o f
the Colonises a n d che Sc.
G e o r g e flag w a s frequently
seen w i t h o u t che cross o n che
whice canton.

8
Flag o f Newberry,
M a s s . 1684.
Under date o f May_ 34,
1684, a member o f the Colo-
nial Council ordered Capeain
Noyes t o procure a flag for
his company, to be o f green
w i t h a red cross on white
canton. W h y he adopted
green in place o f red is no
known.

10
oocpil
1 D0+
F L A G S OF A M E R I C A
oocpill
IRD
««

9
Flag o f N e w E n g l a n d .
1686.
In 1643, t h e C o l o n i e s o f
P l y m o u t h , M a s s . , and C o n -
necticut f o r m e d t h e U n i t e d
Colonies o f N e w E n g l a n d .
T h i s w a s t h e firss k n o w n
u n i o n o f the Colonies, and i n
4686 G o v e r n o r A n d r o s re-
ceived this flag f r o m the K i n g .

10
Blue C o l o n i a l
Pine T r e e F l a g .
1700.

11

T h e W h i c e Escutcheon
Flag. 17014.
A n order w a s issued f r o m
L o n d o n i n 1701 t o have a
w h i t e escutcheon inserted i n
the m i d d l e o f the King?s
Colors, t o be used b y mer-
chant vessels o f the Colonies.
f e w years later i t w a s
adopted b y che C o l o n i a l Ships
o f War.

12
Pine T r e e F l a g . 1704.
A s t h e Sc. G e o r g e C a n t o n
Flag w a s the official English
flag f o r t h e Colonies, N e w
E n g l a n d , t o d i s t i n g u i s h itself
f r o m the rest o f the Colonies,
adopted t h i s o f f i c i a l flag, the
Pine Tree.

11
 Gh F L A G S O F A M E R I C A TRY.

oocait

13
Flag o f N e w England,
1707,

14
Blue New England
Flag. 1737,
T h e reason f o r changing
f r o m a red field t o a blue
remains u n k n o w n ; however,
the blue was the more Op-
ular, and m e n t i o n is made of
its being ac the Bartle o f
Bunker H i l l .

15
Sc. George?s Cross,
w i t h U n i o n . 1741.

16
T h r e e Crescent F l a g o f
South Carolina.
1765.

-12
o t 1 °

F L A G S OF A M E R I C A
vo oa

17
P r o v i n c i a l L i b e r t y Flag.
1768.

18

The English U n i o n Flag

o f T a u n t o n , Mass.
1744-1776.
Before the R e v o l u t i o n lib-
erty poles were f r e q u e n t l y
erected, and che w o r d ??Liber-
ty?? w a s placed on the red
field o f the U n i o n F l a g o f
E n g l a n d , o n a flag erected at
Taunton, M a s s . ? t h e © first
place t o use che m o t t o ??Liber-
ty?? o n the E n g l i s h flag.

19

C o n n e c t i c u t T r o o p Flag.
1775-1776.
Immediately after che
Bactle of Lexington, che
C o n n e c t i c u t t r o o p s had stand-
ards bearing t h e a r m s o f the
Colony. T h e r e were e i g h t
regiments, each w i c h a differ-
enc color.

20
F l a g o f che F l o a t i n g
Batteries, 1775.

I n S e p t e m b e r o f 1775,
t w o f l o a t i n g b a c c e r i e s were
launched o n Charles R i v e r , and
i n O c t o b e r , 1776, they opened
fire o n Boston. T h e i r ensign
w a s a Pine T r e e F l a g w i t h
the m o t c o , ? A n A p p e a l co
Heaven.?? T h e Massachusetts
C o u n c i l adopted ic as a n a v a l
ag.

13
?s F L A G S OF A M E R I C A T H e .

0 we,

21

Flag o f South Carolina,

1775,

22

Beaver Flag o f N e w
York. 1775.

T h i s flag w a s used by N e w
Y o r k vessels i n 1775. The
beaver w a s t h e device o n the
C o l o n i a l seal o f N e w N e t h e r -
l a n d s , a n d is s t i l l seen o n the
seal o f N e w York City,
T h i s w a s the l a s t o f che C o l o -
n i a l flags.

23

L i n k e d H a n d Flag.
1775-1783.

A green milicary flag said

t o have belonged cto a N e w -
burypore (Mass.) Company in
the R e v o l u t i o n ; w h i t e can-
ton, green pine tree on blue
held, surrounded by 43 links,
each held by a mailed hand.

24

Westmoreland County
Flag. 1775-1783.
Flag o f Colonel Proctor?s
b a t t a l i o n o f Westmoreland
C o u n t y , Pa., organized in
M a y , 1775. O n the red
field a coiled ratclesnake and
the m o t t o ??Don?t cread on
me.? In che upper lefc corner
is a canton o f che Bric
Union.

14
a F L A G S OF A M E R I C A 7

25
Huncer or Pancher
Flag. 1775-1783.
Flag o f che Firsc Rifle
regiment o f Pennsylvania;
deep green ground; a tiger
accempting the pass; a hunter
armed with a spear, whice on
crimson field.

26

Crescent Flag o f M o u l t r i e ,
S . C . 1776.

September 13, 1775, Colonel

Moultrie was ordered by che
Council o f Safety to take
Fort Johnson on James Island
and co procure a flag. He
had a blue flag made, bearing
a crescent; a year later the
word ??Liberty?? was added.
This was che flag Sergeant
Jasper replaced when ic was
shot away by che Bricish.

27
C o l o n e l Gadsden N a v a l
Flag. 1776.
Flag presented t o Congress
February 8, 1776, by Colonel
Gadsden, o f South Carolina,
a member o f the M a r i n e
Committee.

28

Colonel Webb Flag.

1775-1783.
This was used chroughout
the Revolutionary W a r by
the T h i r d Connecticut R e g i -
ment. C o l o n e l W e b b w a s
General Washington's private
secretary,

15
nae FLAGS O F A M E R I C A ? i M ) ,

29
Bucks of America F|
1775-1783, &
Flag presented by G o y
ern
Hancock, o fMassachusetts to
a colore company called
?The Bucks of America,?

30

Red and Blue Stripes

N a v a l Flag. 1775-1783.

31
F l a g o f the Culpepper
inute M e n .
1775-1783.

Early i n 1776 companies

were f o r m i n g , carrying white
flags w i t h rattlesnakes, etc.,
thereon. T h i s was the flag
carried by the M i n u t e M e n
of Culpepper Court House,
a.

32
J o h n P a u l Jones N a v a l Flag.
1775-1783.
T h e flag o f John Paul Jones
when he first took comman
o f a vessel in the Revolu-
tionary cause. Ic is believed co
be che same flag presented to
Congress by Colonel Gadsden,
che mortoes being added later.

16
oO I D :
F L A G S O F A M E R I C A

33
T h e Libercy T r e e Flag.
1776,
T h i s is the L i b e r c y Tree
Flag o f C o m m o d o r e H o p -
kins and used by other
vessels o f his fleec. I t s m o t t o
was ??An appeal t o G o d . ?

34
The H o p k i n s Flag.
1776.
Seriped flags became p o p -
ular i n 1776, a n d C o m -
modore H o p k i n s adopted this
w i t h a rattlesnake and che
m o t t o , ? D o n ? t t r e a d on m e . ?
T h i s w a s his flag t h r o u g h o u t
che R e v o l u t i o n .

35
Pine T r e e C a n t o n F l a g .
1776.
T h i s N e w E n g l a n d ensign
differs f r o m the Sc. George
Cancon F l a g i n h a v i n g che
Pine T r e e i n che upper left
corner o n a w h i t e canton. Ic
was popular w i t h those op-
posed t o che cross.

36
Blue F l a g o f T h i r t e e n Scates.
1776.

17
a Re.
F L AO F A
G M E RSI C A

37
White Plains Flag
1776,
T h i s flag w a s § ;

a t the Bartle o fW h i t e P l a c e
Y . , O c t o b e r , 1776, and
w a s used t h r o u g h o u t the war.

38

Philadelphia L i g h e
Horse. 1776.
Flag o f the F i r s t T r o o p o f
Philadelphia C i t y Cavalry.
T h e o r i g i n a l is i n a glass case
i n che Troop?s A r m o r y . T h i s
flag accompanied the T r o o p
w h e n i t escorted W a s h i n g t o n
co N e w Y o r k on the w a y t o
Cambridge.

39
Blue and W h i t e S t r i p e d
C a n t o n . 1776.
A letter o f N o v e m b e r 1,
1776, from Souchampron,
England, says a n u m b e r o f
A m e r i c a n vessels i n European
ports carried red flags w i t h
blue and w h i t e striped cantons.

40
Washington's Life
G u a r d . 1776.

This was the flag o f

Washington?s Life Guard,
composed o f 180 picked men
f r o m che chirceen Colonies.
They served all chrough che
war. The device shows
a Guard holding a horse and
receiving a flag f r o m the
Goddess o f L i b e r t y .
 F L A G S OF A M E R I C A

41
Cambridge Flag. 1776.
"Grand Union Flag.
Benjamin F r a n k l i n , w h o
had noted ability as a flag de-
signer, was C h a i r m a n o f che
committee on w h i c h Messrs.
Lynch and H a r r i s o n were his
colleagues, and w h i c h mec in
C a m b r i d g e , in November,
1775, co design this flag, w h i c h
became the F l a g o f che U n i t e d
Colonies. Ic w a s called che
C a m b r i d g e F l a g and the
Grand U n i o n Flag. I t was
first unfurled by W a s h i n g t o n ,
January 2, 1 7 7 6 , w h e n _ he
proclaimed ic to be the N a t -
ional Standard o f the A r m y .

42
Privaceer F l a g ( N a v a l ) .
1776.

T h i s was che ensign o f the

w a r vessel, ??Reprisal,?? com-
manded by Capt. L a m b e r t
»
Wicks. Ic has thirteen w h i t e
and y e l l o w stripes, w i t h no
other device.

43
Rhode Island Scate Troop
Flag. 1776.
T h i s was the flag o f Rhode
Island and w a s used by che
entire line. T h e flag is still
preserved in the office o f the
Secretary o f State, Rhode
Island.

44
Privaceer Flag ( N a v a l ) .
1776.
During the Revolution
many different flags were used
y the w a r vessels in the
privateer service. T h i s one
was used on che sloop
?Queen,?

19
 1 dos

FLAGS OF A M E R I C A HEo
De

45
The Betsy Ross Flag.
Ic is che p o p u l a r b e l i e f t h a r
in June, 1776, G e n e r a l
W a s h i n g t o n and a C o m m i t t e e
o f Congress called on Betsy
Ross at her residence, 2 3 9
A r c h Street, Philadelphia, and
engaged her t o make chis flag.
Ic w a s the first t o s h o w b o t h
starsandstripes. T h e r e i s a n i n -
teresting legend, w i t h no sat-
isfactory evidence o f its t r u t h ,
chat the stars a n d stripes o f the
U n i t e d States flag were devel-
o p e d f r o m che a r m s o f the
Washington f a m i l y , which
w a s : silver, t w o bars gules,
i n c h i e f chree m u l l e t s , Con a
silver shield, c w o h o r i z o n t a l
red bars, and across the t o p
three red stars).

46
T h i s was the flag adopted
by Congress on June 14, 1777.
T h e scars i n a circle o n a blue
field represenc ??a n e w constel-
lation.??

47

T h e T h i r t e e n States
(Privateer Pennant).
784.

48

Pulaski Banner. 1778.

T h e o r i g i n a l o f chis flag,
m a d e f a m o u s by L o n g f e l l o w ? s
? H y m n o f che M o r a v i a n
Nuns,?? w a s m a d e b y ladies o f
B e t h l e h e m , Pa., a n d _pre-
sented t o Pulaski i n M a y ,
1778. T h e o t h e r side shows
che A l l - s e e i n g Eye w i t h i n a
triangle, and the L a t i n m o t t o , -

? ? N o n A l i u s Regic,?? m e a n i n g
,
? * N o other governs.

20
 F e t? o
LAGS OF AMERICA
KD

49
Revenue Pennant.
1779.

50

Flag w i t h fifteen scars and

fceen stripes.
1795-1818.

51
The National Ensign,
1818. T h i r t e e n stripes w i c h a
scar f o r each State.

52
F l a g Officer?s F l a g ( N a v a l ) .
1858-1866.

21
F L A G S OF A M E R I C A ..
MM.

53
N a v a l Dispatch F
Guard andG u i d e ®

54
Commission Pennane
nited States Navy,

55

E a r l y Revenue F l a g .

56

Yache Ensign.
° F L A G S OF A M E R I C A Ibs.
a

57

United States C o a s t G u a r d
Pennant.
Adopted 1871.

58
Quarantine Flag.

59
U . S. M a i l F l a g .

60
U. S. Lighthouse.Flag.

23
 TR.

CONFEDERATE
FLAGS
A . T h i s was the flag carr;
b y the Confederates i n ef
firse B a t t l e o f B u l l un
w h i c h i n the smoke o f b a t t l e .
O w i n g t o che stripes,
miscaken f o r the Union F l a g .

B. T h e flag o f General
Beauregard, k n o w n as the
Confederate Battle Flag,

C. T h i s flag was adopted

as the N a t i o n a l Flag o f che
Confederacy M a y 1, 1863,
buc w h e n ic hung l i m p , only
the whice showed, resembling
a f l a g o f cruce.

D . T h e Confederate Con-
gress, M a r c h 4, 1865, insti-
cuted chis as the flag o f the
Confederacy. The red bar
w a s used thac ic m i g h t noc be
mistaken for a truce signal.
P I
F L A G S O F A M E R I C A °
1ng>e-

T h e F l a g a n d E n s i g n o f che
U n i t e d Scares o f A m e r i c a .

T h e Presidenc?s Flag.

25-
 ? A y e

F L A G S OF A M E R I C A
18).

t=4t y:
o
Tae = ????

U n i o n Jack.

ey
?,
5T.Sh
4
J

Bed
o14, t
Pipes
Sy

x
Fy
eee

[ F r o m an old p r i n t ]

B e t s y Ross?s H o u s e a s i t w a s
?

in Washington s time.

26
 S OF A M E R I C A

i W e
fiber? Clear
e p a g e Fe e G
yi
kee wetw e ss .

For sixty years Betsy Ross is said to have made a l l of the

government f l a g s i n this house, w h i c h is s t i l l s t a n d i n g
at 239 A r c h Street, Philadelphia.

27
?s
o o h FLAGS OF A M E R I C A Ty,

A P O R T I O N O F T H E VERY STAR SPANGLED BANNER

T H A T INSPIRED T H A T SONG

A b o v e is a Photographic reproduction o f ortions o f che original

Fort M c H e n r y flag n o w i n the possession o f the Ridgway Library,
Philadelphia.? T h e red and w h i t e sections are stitched cogether,
but the blue portion, f r o m the field o f the flag, has been placed in
this way in order co s h o w the color, .
T h e flag itself was exhibited at the Centennial Exposition, and
ac the o l d South Church, Boston, June 14, 1877, on che centennial
anniversary o f the adoption by Congress o f the stars and stripes as
the flag o f the U n i t e d States,

28
 nee
FLAGS OF AMERICA
p e s

PHOTOGRAPH OF THE FORT McHENRY FLAG

(See section on opposite page)

T h e b a c k g r o u n d w i l l g i v e an idea o f t h e great size o f t h e f l a g .

A f t e r exposure t o s h o t and shell a n d scissors che r e m n a n t i n 1873,
as here shown, w a s a b o u t chircy feet s q u a r e ? e a c h o f itsfifteen stripes
w a s a b o u t t w o feet w i d e and each o f its fifteen stars t w o feet
from point to point. I t w a s o r i g i n a l l y f o r t y feet i n length.
T h e flag was made by che wife o f Col. Henry S, Pickersgill o f
Baltimore f o r use on Fort M c H e n r y . When she came t o put it
together M r s . Pickersgill found her house too small anda large
room in a brewery nearby was used for che purpose.
A f t e r the b o m b a r d m e n t o f September 14, 1814, M a j o r George
A r m i s t e a d , t h e C o m m a n d a n t , retained ic a s a m e m e n t o . A t his
death i t passed i n t o che possession o f his w i d o w , a n d l a t e r o f his
daughter, w h o w a s b o r n i n the f o r t . She died i n 1 8 8 7 and l e f t
the flag co her son.
T h e flag w a s f r e q u e n t l y used a t celebrations o f the B o m b a r d -
ment. September 14, 1824, ic w a v e d o v e r General W a s h i n g t o n ? s
w a r t e n t o n t h e occasion o f t h e reception t o General Lafayette.
In 1880 a t B a l c i m o r e ic f o r m e d a s t r i k i n g feature o f the celebration
o f che barcle o f Fore M c H e n r y , and had as a guard o f h o n o r t w o
hundred descendants o f those w h o f o u g h t under ic at t h a t t i m e .

29
oct F L A G S O F A M E R I C A Ma,

a e
Ih,

DATE OF EACH STATE'S ENTRY

INTO THE U N I O N |

THE THIRTEEN O R I G I N A L STATES

Delaware... 2. December 7, 1737
P e n n s y l v a n i a . . . . . .0. 0 0 0 0 December 12, 1797
N e w Jersey... December 18, 1787
Georgia... January 2, 1788
M a s s a c h u s e t t s . . . . 0. . . . --;+..February 6, 1788
M a r y l a n d . . . . . . . . . 0 00 0 0 +... A p r i l 28° 1788
South C a r o l i n a . . . . . . 0 May 23, 1788
Connecticut, Deters e e e . June 9, 1788
New H a m p s h i r e . . . . . 0 . 0 0 0 0 June 21, 1788
V i r g i n i a . . . . . . . be ee e e e , June 26, 1788
New York.. s e sea c , Leeegee July 26, 1788
eee
North C a r o l i n a . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 November 21, 1789
Rhode I s l a n d . . . . . 0. 0 . 0 0 May 29, 1790 .

STATES L A T E R A D M I T T E D
TO THE UNION
District o f C o l u m b i a * . . . . 0 0 0 0 July 16, 1790
M e r m o n t . . . . . . . . . . . . , . 0 0 0 March 4, 1791
K e n t u c k y . . . ) June 1, 1792
Tennessee... June 4, 1796
Ohio. February 19, 1803
L o u i s i a n a . . . . . . 0 A p r i l 30, 1812
Indiana December 11, 1816

* Set a s i d e ? i o miles s q u a r e ? a n d designated as che N a t iional

Capical. o

30
 WRres

States Later Admitted to the Union?Continued

Mississippi... +--+ see cere eee eee December 10, 1817
[llinois. . . ee e e e e e e e e , December 3, 1818
A l a b a m a . . . . - - + e essere eee eee December 14, 1819
Maine... eee cette t e e et ee n rs March 15, 1820
e

Missouri... 6.02 c e c e eee eee es August 10, 1821

ArkansaS... 6.0 ese ee eee e e e ee June 15, 1836
M i c h i g a n . . . . . . . . . . . - 0 0 0 5 . .....January 26, 1837
Florida... 0 . . . cece cece eee eee March 3, 1845
TexaS.... c e cece c e eeeeee Tee eee December 29, 1845
l o w a . . . - - + - - k e e n e e e n s December 28, 1846
Wisconsin. . . . . . . . Leceuueeeeees May 29, 1848
California... 0 . 0 2eeeeeeee . . .eee September 9, 1850
Minnesota. . . . . . . 000seee . . 2 aee - May 114, 1858
Oregon. . 2 . . . eee cece ee ee eee February 14, 1859
Kansas... . . . - 02eee - - eee 0 e e e . January 29, 1861
West V i r g i n i a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . June 20, 1863
Nevada. . . c. c c e. e e eee . ences . October 34, 1864
Nebraska... . . . . . ceceeeeeee 2 0 0 March 1, 1867
Colorado... . 1 . . . ce eee e e e August 1, 1876
North D a k o t a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 5 November 2, 1889
South Dakota... 0 . 0 . 0 . 0eee . . e.e November 2, 1889
M o n t a n a . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 0 0 0 0ee 0 November 8, 1889
W a s h i n g t o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 . . 5 5 - November 11, 1889
Idaho... ce e e e July 3, 1890
Wyoming. . . . . . 0 ..0 0.e eee . e . e July 11, 1890
Utah. e e e ee January 4, 1896
O k l a h o m a . . . . . . . . . . 0 . . . 0 . . . 0 0 0 5 . November 16, 1907
New M e x i c o . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 0 5 - January 6, 1912
Arizona... . 0 . c0c e. e e. eeeee . February 14, 1912

Bt
- FLAGS OF AMERICA .
Ms,

T O T H E FLAG
? I pledge allegiance to the Flag of the United
States of America and to the republic for which x
stands, one nation indivisible, with liberty and
justice for all.?

? T H s pledge of allegiance to the

United States of America, issued
by the Adjurant-General o f the United
States, is taught in public schools
throughout the country, and may also
be used by adults.

Standing with the hand over the

heart, at the words ?the Flag,? the
right-hand is extended palm up, to-
ward the flag, and this position is held
uncil the end, when the hand, after the
words ??justice for all,? drops to the
side.

32