PLC and SCADA

Title: Interfacing of lamp & button with PLC for ON & OFF operation. Verify all logic gates.
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram of lamp & button with PLC for ON & OFF operation &
Verify all logic gates.
Equipment:
1. PLC trainer Kit- Digital + Analog 14 DI 10 DO 2 AI 2AO

2. Ladder programming software.
3. Communication Cable
4. PC
5. Live Demo Models Interface with PLC & Lamp & Switches Interface.
PLC trainer Kit:
Allen Bradley Micrologix 1200 PLC. 14 Digital inputs, 10 Digital outputs, 2 Analog
inputs, 2 Analog outputs, Built in DC regulated power supply for interface modules. Start, stop
& input simulation switches. Input/output terminations on self oriented latches mini DIN round
connectors. 230 V ac mains socket with inbuilt fuse protection, spare fuse and self illuminated
mains switch. Provision to connect computer via 9 pin D RS232C serial communication port.
MS fabricated, Siemens/ Munshell gray powder painted enclose. Demo modules ladder selection
through toggle input switches. All inputs & outputs available on MS connectors for interface
with user retrofit of any system/project.
Theory:
The 1st PLC system involved from conventional computers in the late 1960s & early
1970s. The PLC keyboard programming procedure replaced the rewiring of a panel full of wires,
relay, timers, counters & other control panel components. The PLC operator essentially draws
the lines and devices of ladder diagrams. The resulting drawing takes the place of much of the
external wiring required for control of a process. The PLC can be operated on the input side by
on-off devices or by variable input devices. i.e. push buttons, toggle switches, limit switches,
relay auxiliary contacts, proximity switches & various sensors & transducer etc.
The PLC system offers the following advantages as compared to electromechanical relays:
Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

1. Simple programming
2. Program changes without system intervention
3. Simple, more cost effective & more reliable
4. Simple & low maintenance cost
5. High reliability & maintainability
6. Small physical size
7. Ability to communicate with computers,
8. Economy
9. Rugged construction
10. Modular design
Areas of Applications of the PLC:
Every system has a controller. Depending on the type of technology used the controllers can be
divided into pneumatic, hydraulic, electrical, electronic controllers. Frequently a combination of
different technologies is used. Differentiation is made between the hard-wired programmable &
PLCs.
Hard-wired programmable are used is out of equation and the job size warrants the developed of
a special controller. Typical application for such controllers can be found in automatic washing
machines, video cameras & car automation.
The 1st PLCs were mostly installed in automotive plants. Traditionally, the auto plants had to be
shut down for up to a month at model changeover time. The early PLCs were used along with
new other automation techniques to shorten the changeover time & reduced programming time
to a matter of a few days.
The original task of a PLCs involved the interconnection of input signals according to a specified
program and, if “true”, to switch the corresponding output. Boolean algebra forms the
mathematical basis for this operation; which recognizes precisely two defined statuses “0” and
“1”. For instance, a motor could therefore be either switched on or off.
Many PLCs can be expanded by means of additional I/P and O/P analog, positioning and
communication modules. Special PLCs are available for safely technology, shipping or mining
tasks. Finally, PLCs are coupled with other automation components, thus creating considerably
wider areas of applications.
Basic Design of PLC:
The term „Programmable Logic Controller‟ can be defined as follows:

“A digitally operating electronic system, designed for use in an environment, which uses a
programmable memory for the internal storage of user-oriented instructions for implementing
specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, to control , through
digital or analog input & output, various types of machines or processors. Both the PLC and its
associated peripherals are designed so that they can be easily integrated into an industrial control
system and easily used in all their intended functions”.
Fig no. 1 shows, in block form, the system components of a PLC:
POWER SUPPLY
INPUT MODULS OUTPUT MODULES

CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT
e.g. SWITHCHES, PUSH e.g. RELAYS,MOTORS
PROGRAMMER / MONITOR
Fig. SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF PLC
The function of the input module is to convert incoming input signals into signals, which can be
processed by the PLC, and to pass these to the central processing unit. The input module has
terminals into which the user connects outside process input signals.
The reverse task is performed by the output module this PLC signal into signal suitable for the
output actuators. The output module has another set of terminals that connects action signals to
the process. The actual processing of the signals is effected in the central processing unit in
accordance with the program stored in the memory.
Memory unit is the library where the program is stored.
Power supply converts AC line voltages to DC for operation of different values. The power
supply also purifies and regulates the DC voltage to ensure proper PLC operation. It drives the
I/O logic signals the CPU, the memory unit and some peripheral devices.
Programmer allows the interface between the PLC and the user during the star up, program
development and troubleshooting. It is the keyboard on which the user the monitor types the
program instructions is a screen on which the typed or operating information is displayed.

Procedure:
A) Precautions:
Ensure following points for proper functioning of the trainer.
Mains supply is 1-ф 230VAC ±10% 50 Hz
All input simulation switches are in off position [Toggle to PLC (up side) side].
At power on no any module is interfaced.
Self illuminated mains switch is off.
B) Experimental Procedure:
1. Ensure mains supply is 1-ф 230VAC ±10% 50 Hz
2. Connect the mains cable and turn ON the self-illuminated mains switch.
3. Ensure the mains switch illuminated and the power on LED on the PLC module lit.
4. Toggle the input simulation switches and observe the appropriate input LED lit.
5. Similarly test the Start and Stop Push Button inputs.
6. Select the appropriate program, connect the individual module as desired and execute
the program & study the module.
C) Shut down procedure:

1. Disconnect all interfacing module / devices.
2. Switch off mains and remove mains cable.
3. Store the trainer along with all accessories in safe custody.
Ladder Diagram:
A special schematic representation of the hardware and its connection has been developed that
makes combination of the hardware and event sequence description clear. This schematic
representation is called a ladder diagram. It is an outgrowth of early controllers that operated
from AC lines and used relay as the primary switching elements. It is called a ladder diagram
because the various circuit devices connected in parallel across as the AC line from something
that looks like a ladder, with each parallel connection a “rung” on the ladder. The vertical rails
indicate the power source, while the horizontal and vertical line indicates the possible current
flow.
Ladder logic instructions:
This instruction (also called “examine on” or “normally opened”) functions as an input or storage
kit.

If the corresponding memory bit is a “1” (on). This instruction will allow rung continuity and
outputs will energized.
Examines if Open (XIO)]/[
This instruction (also called “examine off” or “normally closed”) functions as an input or storage
kit.
If the corresponding memory bit is a “1” (on), this instruction will not allows rung continuity and
output on its rung will be de-energized the corresponding memory bit is a “0” (off), this
instruction will assume its normal status and allow rung continuity and output on the rung will
energized.
Output Energies (OTE) ()
This instruction sets the specified bit when rung continuity is achieved (rung goes true). Under
normal operating conditions, if the set bit corresponds to an output device, the output device will
be energized when the rung goes true.
Operational Procedures
For our purposes, input addresses have the form like I:e/b
Similarly output addresses have the form like O:c/b
Where I- Input data file
O-Output data file
: -Element or slot delimiter
e-slot no. of the i/p module
c- Slot no. of the o/p module
b-Bit or terminal delimiter
Example: I:0/1 (input, slot 0, terminal 1)
O:0/6 (output, slot 0, terminal 5)
Getting started with ladder diagram:
1st Open the ladder programming software Allen Bradley RS LOGIX 500 PLC. In this s/w
window, select “New” option in „File‟ menu for writing new program. Select the processor type
as required such as Micrologix 1400.

All the ladder instructions and its addressing are given in the ‘Help’ menu of ladder
programming s/w.
Always write ladder in offline mode & then download program into the PLC. Turn the PLC in
RUN mode, as while programming it is in program mode.
Programming the Ladder:-
a) Interfacing of lamp & button with PLC for ON & OFF operation. AND
OPERATION

Fig 2: OR OPERATION
Conclusion: Thus we have studied the basic ladder logic instruction and function. So also, we
have studied the interfacing of lamp and button with PLC for on-off operation by using push
button.
Questions
Q.1. Define PLC.

Q.2. State the benefits of Automation.
Q.3. State the necessity of Automation in industry.
Q.4. State the advantages and dis-advantages of PLC.
Q.3. What are the specifications of PLC we are using?
Q.5. What are the major components of a common PLC?
Q.6. Draw the architecture of PLC.
Q.7. State the applications of PLC.

Q.8. What are the instructions used to run the practical?
Q.9. Write a short note on CPU.
Q.10. State the various techniques of programming
Answers
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Signature of Staff: Grade:
Date:

Title: Performed delayed operation of lamp by using Push Button.
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram of lamp & button with PLC & perform delayed operation of
lamp by using Push Button.
Equipment:

9. PC
PLC trainer Kit:
connectors. 230 Vac mains socket with inbuilt fuse protection, spare fuse and self illuminated
Theory:

18. Economy
20. Modular design

PLCs.
POWER SUPPLY

Procedure:
D) Precautions:

E) Experimental Procedure:
F) Shut down procedure:

Ladder Diagram:
flow.
kit. If the corresponding memory bit is a “1” (on). This instruction will allow rung continuity and
Examines if Open (XIO)]/[
kit.
energized.

O-Output data file
programming s/w.
b) Delayed operation of lamp by using push button

Fig: in above figure the push button is OFF position i.e. normally open & lamp is OFF thus
delayed operation does not perform.

Fig: In above figure the push button is ON position i.e. normally closed & lamp is ON i.e.
delayed operation performing & lamp will ON after 10sec.
Conclusion: Thus we have studied the basic ladder logic instruction and function. So also, we
have studied the delayed operation of lamp by using Push Button.
Questions
Q.1. Explain the operation of input module

Q.2. Explain PLC power supply
Q.3. Explain off delay timer in detail along with its timing diagram
Q.4. State the difference between Boolean logic and relay logic.
Q.5. Explain in brief various types of PLC.
Q.6. What are the different techniques of programming with PLC?
Q.7. What is MCR (Master Control Relay)?
Q.8. What are programming equipment‟s?
Q.9. When should be the reset instruction used?
Q.10. What is shift register. State its types.
Answers

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Title: UP-DOWN Counter with Reset instruction
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram of UP-DOWN Counter with Reset instruction
Equipment:

14. PC
PLC trainer Kit:
Theory:

28. Economy
30. Modular design

PLCs.
POWER SUPPLY


Procedure:
G) Precautions:
H) Experimental Procedure:
I) Shut down procedure:

Ladder Diagram:

flow.
O-Output data file
programming s/w.

c) PLC Ladder using Up Counter & Down Counter
Conclusion: Thus we have studied UP-DOWN Counter with Reset instruction.
Questions
Q.1. What is the procedure to start PLC.

Q.2. Which software we are using for programming PLC.
Q.3. What are the various departments in the library of RS logic
Q.4. What are the other soft wares used apart from RS logic for programming of PLC?.
Q.5. Write the specifications of the processor being used.

Q.6. Explain On timer in detail.
Q.7. What is the function of Timer?
Q.8. What is the function of counter?
Q.9. What is the difference between timer and counter?
Q.10. Explain down counter in detail
Answers
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Date:

Title: Combination of counter and Timer for lamp ON/OFF operation.
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram for operation & Combination of counter and Timer for
lamp ON/OFF operation.
Equipment:

19. PC
PLC trainer Kit:
Theory:


38. Economy
40. Modular design
specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, to control, through
POWER SUPPLY

the process.
The actual processing of the signals is effected in the central processing unit in accordance with
the program stored in the memory.

Procedure:
J) Precautions:
K) Experimental Procedure:
L) Shut down procedure:

Ladder Diagram:
indicate the power source, while the horizontal and vertical lines indicates the possible current
flow.
Examines if Closed (XIC) ] [
kit.

If the corresponding memory bit is a “1” (on). This instruction will allow rung continuity and
Examines if Open (XIO) ]/[
kit.
energized.
O-Output data file

programming s/w.
Conclusion: Thus we have performed multiple push button operation and counter and timer for
lamp on off operation.
Questions
Q.1. What is a counter. What is its function?

Q.2. What is the difference between preset value and accumulator?
Q.3. What are the various instructions in library?
Q.4. Which software‟s are used for programming of PLC?
Q.5. What are the various languages understood by the PLC?
Q.6. What are the various types of Programming of PLC?
Q.7. Which types of PLC are available in market?
Q.8. Which devices can be interfaced to PLC?
Q.9. State the evolution and history of PLC
Q.10. Write the specification of processor used for PLC?
Answers
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Signature of Staff: Guide:
Date:

Title: Set/ Reset Operation: One Push Button for ON & other Push Button for OFF operation.
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram of Set/ Reset Operation: One Push Button for ON & other
Push Button for OFF operation.
Equipment:

24. PC
PLC trainer Kit:
Theory:

48. Economy
50. Modular design
PLCs.
machines, video cameras & car automation. The 1st PLCs were mostly installed in automotive
plants. Traditionally, the auto plants had to be shut down for up to a month at model changeover
time. The early PLCs were used along with new other automation techniques to shorten the
changeover time & reduced programming time to a matter of a few days.
wider areas of application.

specific functions such as logic, sequencing, timing, counting, arithmetic, to control, through
POWER SUPPLY

accordance with the program stored in the memory. Memory unit is the library where the
program is stored.
Procedure:

M) Precautions:
N) Experimental Procedure:
O) Shut down procedure:
Examines if Closed (XIC) ] [
kit. If the corresponding memory bit is a “1” (on). This instruction will allow rung continuity and
Examines if Open (XIO) ]/[
kit.
energized.

O-Output data file
c- slot no. of the o/p module
All the ladder instructions and its adderssing are given in the ‘Help’ menu of ladder
programming s/w.

Set/ Reset Operation: One Push Button for ON & other Push Button for OFF operation.
Fig 1. In above fig. the SET push button is OFF i.e. normally open and hence outputs are OFF. RESET
push buttons are also in OFF position.
Conclusion: Thus set/reset operation can be performed by using latch and unlatch operation.
Latch is used for continuous unlatch operation and unlatch is used for continuous reset operation.
Questions
Q.1. What is meant by ladder diagram?

Q.2. What is a relay logic?
Q.3. What is a functional block diagram?
Q.4. What is PLC programming language?
Q.5. What is a electrical relay used for?
Q.6. How does a latching relay work?
Q.7. What is a DC relay?
Q.8. What is a holding relay used for?
Q.9. How do you check a relay?
Q.10. What is SET/RESET Flip-Flop?
Answers

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Date:

Title: PLC based temperature sensing & Monitoring using RTD
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram for PLC based temperature sensing & Monitoring Using
RTD.
Equipment:

29. PC
PLC trainer Kit:
Theory:


58. Economy
60. Modular design
PLCs.
“1”. For instance, a motor could therefore be either switched on or off. Many PLCs can be
expanded by means of additional I/P and O/P analog, positioning and communication modules.
Special PLCs are available for safely technology, shipping or mining tasks. Finally, PLCs are
coupled with other automation components, thus creating considerably wider areas of
applications.

POWER SUPPLY

Procedure:

P) Precautions:
Q) Experimental Procedure:
R) Shut down procedure:

Where I- Input data fil
O-Output data fil
: -Elementor slot delimiter

c- slot no. of the o/p module
b-Bit or terminal delimter
All the ladder instructions and its adderssing are given in the ‘Help’ menu of ladder
programming s/w.
Conclusion: Thus by performing this experiment we understand the working of temperature

sensing using RTD with the help of ladder diagram.
Questions
Q.1. Write the Basic principle of Resistance Temperature Detectors

Q.2. What are RTD Sensing Element Material and Relative Temperature Limits
Q.3. What is RTD Class A and RTD Class B?
Q.4. What is the difference between grounded and un-grounded thermocouples?
Q.5. What is Thermocouple?
Q.6. What are various temperature sensing devices?
Q.7. What is latch instruction?
Q.8. What are sequencer function?
Q.9. State various types of input analog devices.
Q.10. State various types of output analog devices.
Answers

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Date:

Title: Parameter reading of PLC in SCADA.
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram in PLC and interface with SCADA.
Equipment:
31. Advanced PLC trainer Kit- Allen Bradley Micrologic 1400

32. Ladder programming software ( RS logic 500 English by AB)
33. Communication Cable ( Ethernet cross cable)
34. PC
35. SCADA Programming software
36. IGS
Advanced PLC trainer kit:
Allen Bradley Micrologic 1400 series 1766-L32BXB PLC with 12 fast 24V DC inputs , 8
normal 24V DC inputs, 6 relay outputs, 3 fast DC outputs, 3 normal DC outputs, start, stop and
input simulation switches, proxy sensors and lamps for outputs. 230VAC mains MCB. Provision
to connect computer via Ethernet communication port. MS fabricated, orange colour powder
coated frame.
THEORY:
What Does SCADA mean?
SCADA stands for supervisory control and data acquisition. As the name indicates, it is not a full
control system, but rather focuses on the supervisory level. As such, it is a purely software
package that is positioned on top of hardware to which it is interfaced, in general via
programmable logic controllers ( PLC), or other commercial hardware modules.
SCADA systems are used not only in industrial processes but also in some experimental facilities
such as nuclear fusion. The size of such plants range from a few 1000 to several 10 thousands
input/output (I/O) channels. However, SCADA system evolve rapidly and are now penetrating
the market of plants with a number of I/O channels of several 100 Thousands I/O‟s.
Architecture: This Section describes the common features of the SCADA products.

Hardware Architecture: 1 distinguishes 2 basic layers in a SCADA system: the client layer
which caters for the man machine interaction and the data server layer which handles most of the
process data control activities.
Software Architecture: The products are multi-tasking and are based upon a real time database
(RTDB) located in 1 or more servers. Servers are responsible for data acquisition and handling
on a set of parameters, typically those they are connected.
However, it is possible to have dedicated servers for particular tasks, e.g. historian, datalogger,
alarm handler. The figure above shows a generic SCADA software software architecture.
Communications:
Internal Communication:
Server-client and server-server communication is in general on a publish-subscribe and event-

driven basis and uses a TCP/IP protocol, i.e., a client application subscribes to a parameter which
is owned by a particular server application and only changes to that parameter are then
communicated to the client application.
Access to Devices:
The products provide communication drivers for most of the common PLC‟s and widely used
field buses, e.g., Modbus. Some of the drivers are based on third party products and therefore
have additional cost associated with them. VME on the other hand is generally not supported.
A single data server can support multiple communication protocols: it can generally support as
many such protocols as it has slots for interface cards.
Interfacing
Application Interfaces/ Openness:
The provision of OPC client functionality for SCADA to access devices in an open and standard
manner is developing.
The products also provide on open data base connectivity ( ODBC) interface to the data in the
archive/logs, the API often does not provide access to the products internal features such as
alarm handling, reporting, trending, etc.
The PC products provide support for the Microsoft standards such as dynamic data exchange (
DDE) which allows e.g. to visualize data dynamically in an excel sheet. Dynamic link library(
DLL) and object linking and embedding ( OLE ).
Database:
The configuration data are stored in a database that is logically centralized but physically
distributed and that is generally of a proprietary format. The archive and logging format is

usually also proprietary for performance reasons, but some products do support logging to a
relational data base management system (RDBMS) at a slower rate either directly or via an
ODBC interface.
Scalability:
The products achieve scalability by having multiple data servers connected to multiple
controllers. Each data server has its own configuration database and RTDB and is responsible for
the handling of a sub set of the process variable.
Redundancy:
The products often have built in software redundancy at a server level, which is normally
transparent to the user.
• Functionality
Access control:
Users are allowed to groups, which have defined read/write access privileges to the process
parameters in the system and often also to specific product functionality.
MMI:
The product support multiple screens, which can contain combination of synoptic diagrams and
text. Most of SCADA products that were evaluated decompose the process in “atomic”
parameters to which a tag name is associated. The tag names used to link graphical objects to
devices can be edited as required. The products include a library of standard graphical symbols.
Standard window editing facilities are provided: zooming, re-sizing, scrolling… on-line
configuration and customization of the MMI is possible for users with the appropriate privileges.
Links can be created between display pages to navigate from one view to other.
Trending:
The products all provide trending facilities and one can summaries the common capabilities as
follows:
1) The parameters to be trended in a specific chart can be predefined or defined on line.

2) Real time and historical trending are possible, although generally not in the same chart.
3) Historical trending is possible for any archived parameter.
4) Parameter values at the cursor position can be displayed.
Alarm Handing:
This is based on limit and status checking and performed in the data servers. The alarms are
logically handled centrally, i.e., the information only exists in 1 place and all users see the same
status, and multiple alarm priority levels are supported. It is possible to suppress alarms either
individually or as to complete group. The filtering of alarms seen on the alarm page or when
viewing the alarm log is also possible at least on priority, time and group.
Logging/ Archiving:
Logging can be thought of as medium term storage of data on disk, whereas archiving is long
term storage of data either on disk or on another permanent storage medium. Logging is typically
performed on a cyclic basis. Logged data can be transferred to an achieve, once the log is full.
The logged data is time-stamped and can be filtered when viewed by the user.
Report Generation:
One can produce reports using SQL type queries, RTDB or logs. Although it is sometimes
possible to embed EXCEL chart in the report. Facilities exist to be able to automatically
generate, print and archive reports.
Automation:
The majority of the products allow actions to be automatically triggered by events. A scripting
language provided by SCADA products allows these actions to be defined. The concept of
recipes is supported, whereby a particular system configuration can be saved to a file and
thenRe-loaded at a later date. Sequencing I also supported whereby, as the name indicates, it is
possible to execute a more complex sequence of actions on one or more devices.
• Application Development:
Configuration:
The development of the application is typically done in 2 stages. First the process parameters and
associated information are defined through some sort of parameter definition template and then
the graphics, including trending and alarm displays are developed, are linked where appropriate
to the process parameters.
Development Tools:

- Graphics editor with standard drawing facilities, lines, square circles, etc. it is possible to
import pictures in many formats as well as using predefined symbols including e.g.,
trending charts,etc., A bill of generic symbol is provided that can be linked dynamically
to variables and animated as they change. It is also possible to create link between views
so as to ease navigation at run-time.
- Database configuration tool (usually through parameter templates). It is in general
possible to export data in ASCII files so as to be edited through an ASCII editor or excel.
- Scripting language
- Application program interface ( API ) supporting C, C++,VB
- Driver development toolkit to develop drivers for hardware that is not supported by the
SCADA product.
Procedure:
a) Precautions-
• Ensure following points for proper functioning of the trainer.
• Main supply is 230VAC+_10% 50Hz.
•All inputs simulation switches are in off position
• At power on, no any module is interfaced or cables are connected
• Mains MCB switch is OFF.
b) Experimental Procedure:
•Ensure the power ON LED on the PLC module lit.
•Toggle the input simulation switches and observe the appropriate input block lit on LCD.
• Those operations you have performed on PLC-SCADA and define related tags in IGS.
• Open IGS
• Select channel 1
•Select device1
•Click right button on mouse and define new tag
• Define tag name in identification- name block
• define tag address
• Apply ok

• Save this tag in PLC
• Develop application relate d ladder diagram in PLC
• Open IFIX SCDA 5.5
• Click tool bar application
• Open data base manager
• Open local node-ok
•Define same tag in PLC to SCADA
• Save this tag in SACDA
•Close database manager
• Open dynamo set in home screen
• Drag to appropriate application
• Open new picture
• Define appropriate tag related application in IFIX SCADA 5.5
• Run SCADA
c) Shut down procedure:
• Disconnect all interfacing modules/devices
• Switch off mains and remove mains cable
• Store the trainer along with all accessories in safe custody.
Conclusion: Hence we have studies to develop a ladder diagram in PLC and interface with the
SACDA system.
Questions
Q.1. What is SCADA?
Q.2. How does SCADA works?
Q.3. Draw the architecture of SCADA.
Q.4. Why do companies use SCADA?
Q.5. What is an HMI?

Q.6. What are some advantages of SCADA over other protocols?
Q.7. How does SCADA handle data?
Q.8. State the features of SCADA.
Q.9. What are the main components of SCADA
Q.10. Enlist SCADA Protocols.
Answers
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Signature of staff: Grade:
Date:

Title: Reporting and trending in SCADA system.
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram in PLC and interface with SCADA system.
Equipment:
4. PC
5. SCADA Programming software (IfIX 5.5)
6. IGS
Advanced PLC trainer kit: ( DI-20 and DO-12)
Allen Bradley Micrologic 1400 series 1766-L32BXB PLC with 12 fast 24V DC inputs, 8 normal
24V DC inputs, 6 relay outputs, 3 fast DC outputs, 3 normal DC outputs, start, stop and input
simulation switches, proxy sensors and lamps for outputs. 230VAC mains MCB. Provision to
connect computer via Ethernet communication port. MS fabricated, orange color powder coated
frame.
Procedure
a) Precautions-

b) Experimental Procedure-

• Open IGS
•Select device1

• Apply ok
• Close database manager
• Run SCADA
c) Shut down procedure-

Questions
Q.1. State the advantages of using SCADA.

Q.2. State the dis-advantages of using SCADA.
Q.3. State the application of using SCADA.
Q.4. What are the types of architectures in SCADA?
Q.5. Explain Monolithic generation of SCADA.
Q.6. Explain distributed generation of SCADA.
Q.7. Explain networked generation of SCADA.
Q.8. What is inter connected power system
Q.9. What is power system automation?
Q.10. What are the desirable properties of SCADA?
Answers

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Conclusion: Thus we have studied and performed reporting and trending in SCADA system.
Date:

Title: PLC interfaced with SCADA and status read/command transfer operation
Aim: To develop the ladder diagram in PLC and interfaced with SCADA for status
read/command transfer operation
Equipment:
4. PC
5. SCADA Programming software (IfIX 5.5)
6. IGS
Advanced PLC trainer kit: ( DI-20 and DO-12)
Allen Bradley Micrologic 1400 series 1766-L32BXB PLC with 12 fast 24V DC inputs, 8 normal
24V DC inputs, 6 relay outputs, 3 fast DC outputs, 3 normal DC outputs, start, stop and input
simulation switches, proxy sensors and lamps for outputs. 230VAC mains MCB. Provision to
connect computer via Ethernet communication port. MS fabricated, orange color powder coated
frame.
Procedure
a) Precautions-

b) Experimental Procedure-

• Open IGS
•Select device1

• Apply ok
• Close database manager
• Run SCADA
c) Shut down procedure-

Questions
Q.1. Which software we are using to run SCADA.

Q.2. Which are other soft wares we use to run SCADA.
Q.3. State the application of using SCADA.
Q.4. What are the precautions to be taken while running SCADA.
Q.5. What are SCADA protocols.
Q.6. What is the history of SCADA?
Q.7. Explain use of SCADA in refining process.
Q.8. Explain use of SCADA in chemical plant.
Q.9. What is full form of SCADA.
Q.10. What is ETHERNET protocol. Explain it.
-
Conclusion: Thus we have studied and performed reporting and trending in SCADA system.
Date:

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Title: Interfacing of lamp & button with PLC for ON & OFF operation. Verify all logic gates.

1. PLC trainer Kit- Digital + Analog 14 DI 10 DO 2 AI 2AO

PLC trainer Kit:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Areas of Applications of the PLC:

Basic Design of PLC:

The term „Programmable Logic Controller‟ can be defined as follows:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Fig no. 1 shows, in block form, the system components of a PLC:

INPUT MODULS OUTPUT MODULES

Fig. SYSTEM COMPONENTS OF PLC

Memory unit is the library where the program is stored.

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

C) Shut down procedure:

Ladder logic instructions:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Examines if Open (XIO)]/[

Output Energies (OTE) ()

Similarly output addresses have the form like O:c/b

Where I- Input data file

O-Output data file

: -Element or slot delimiter

e-slot no. of the i/p module

c- Slot no. of the o/p module

b-Bit or terminal delimiter

Example: I:0/1 (input, slot 0, terminal 1)

O:0/6 (output, slot 0, terminal 5)

Getting started with ladder diagram:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Programming the Ladder:-

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Q.1. Define PLC.

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Signature of Staff: Grade:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

6. PLC trainer Kit- Digital + Analog 14 DI 10 DO 2 AI 2AO

PLC trainer Kit:

11. Simple programming

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Basic Design of PLC:

The term „Programmable Logic Controller‟ can be defined as follows:

Fig no. 1 shows, in block form, the system components of a PLC:

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Memory unit is the library where the program is stored.

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

F) Shut down procedure:

Ladder logic instructions:

Examines if Open (XIO)]/[

Electrical Engineering Department Page No:

Similarly output addresses have the form like O:c/b

Where I- Input data file

O-Output data file

: -Element or slot delimiter

e-slot no. of the i/p module