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BIOLOGY
INVESTIGATORY
PROJECT
STUDY OF CANCER
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S.NO CONTENTS PAGE NO
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STUDY OF CANCER
1, What is Cancer actually?
Cancer is a disease involving abnormal cell growth with a potential
to invade to other parts of the body. In contrast benign tumors do
not spread to other parts of the body.
Kidney Cancer
Lung Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Thyroid Cancer
Brain Cancer
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3, Signs and Symptoms
It produces no symptoms at the beginning of cancer, the actual
symptoms starts when there is a mass growth or Ulcerates.
People may become anxious or depressed post-diagnosis. The risk
of suicide in people with cancer is approximately double.
Mass effects from lung cancer can block the bronchus resulting in
cough or Pneumonia; Esophageal Cancer can cause narrowing of
the Esophagus, making it difficult or painful to swallow; and
Colorectal Cancer may lead to narrowing or blockages in the
Bowel, affecting bowel habits. Masses in breasts or testicles may
produce observable lumps. Ulceration can cause bleeding that, if
it occurs in the lung, will lead to coughing up blood, in the bowels
to anemia or rectal bleeding, in the bladder to blood in the urine
and in the uterus to vaginal bleeding.
These are some local symptoms which can show up the growth of
cancer cells.
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5, How Does Cancer cells activate?
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6, Prevention Steps:
DNA is vital for cell function and the body has mechanisms
by which it protects DNA from being damaged. One of the
most important mechanisms is the one responsible for the
production of antioxidants. A major step in the prevention
of DNA damage, and therefore cancer, would be to
optimize antioxidant activity. Research has suggested that
this can be achieved through the adoption of a diet that
incorporates antioxidant rich foods or extracts.
7, Development of Cancer
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8, Main Causes of Cancer:
Tobacco use is the cause of about 33% of cancer deaths.
Another 10% is due to obesity, poor diet, lack of physical
activity, excessive drinking of alcohol.
Nearly 20% of cancer cause is due to hepatitis B, hepatitis C
and human papillomavirus.
Approximately 5-10% of cancer is due to inherited genetic
defect from person’s parents.
9, Treatment of Cancer:
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10 | S T U D Y O F C A N C E R