Name ____________________________________________________________________________ Period _________

The rise of the . . .

Medieval Christian Church
i. The Role of the Church
(https://www.historyhit.com/how-the-church-dominated-life-in-the-middle-ages/)

a.) Who was viewed as the “gatekeepers to heaven”? What does this mean?
Clergy; This is the idea that they were the authority that judged people and decided if they were welcome to heaven or not.

b.) Why do you think these people were given a combination of “respect, awe, and fear”?
Probably because of the status they presented in society. You could be awe by many as you were
someone who, in some way or another, communicated with God itself. Respected and feared he was
looked up as another figure of authority, if something was done that he didn’t enjoy, he probably would
screw you up!

d.) How did the church make money, and what might we look toward to see its wealth in action?
Monetary donations were given by many levels of society, most commonly in the form of a tithe, a tax
which normally saw people give roughly 10% of their earnings to the Church. They were also one of the
main distributors of charity at the time, giving alms to those in need and running basic hospitals, as well
as temporarily housing travellers and providing places of shelter and sanctity.

f.) What were clergy members given that was rare? What buildings were common places for this?
Many clergy had some level of education. Those who entered the clergy were offered the chance to learn
to read and write: a rare opportunity in the agrarian society of the Medieval period. Monasteries in
particular often had schools attached, and monastic libraries were widely regarded as some of the best.

g.) What was the focal point of many villages and communities?
The Church

h.) Who did the clergy swear allegiance to? How might that be a problem for kings?
They swore allegiance to the Pope, rather than their king. They could get into trouble around the region, as the Church
had a lot of power in their disposition.

i.) What was excommunication, and how did this fear keep people in line?
Is basically to be exiled from the Church, it was seen as a threat to monarchs. This was the very real fear of hell, which led people
with doctrine and ensured obedience to the Church.

j.) What German reformer protested corruption in the Catholic church?

Martin Luther

II. The Creation of the Pope

(http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?historyid=ac6)

a.) What office is the "bishop of Rome" and what responsibility does this position have?
Papacy, the office and jurisdiction of the bishop of Rome, the pope , who presides over the central
government of the Roman Catholic Church, the largest of the three major branches of Christianity.

b.) Who is recognized as the first bishop of Rome?

Saint Peter

(https://people.howstuffworks.com/papacy1.htm)

c.) What was his real name (answer from above question), and why did it change?
Simon. After he managed to recognize that Jesus was Christ, Jesus decided to change his name to Peter. Giving him the fullness
of power of the papal authority

d.) What happened when he moved to Rome and attempted to spread Christianity?
He was known as the disputed leader of the group of the followers of Christ. When he moved to Rome, Nero, an emperor who
persecuted the church, killed Peter.

e.) Where was he buried, and what was built over his grave?
He was buried in Vatican Hill. Later, St Peter’s Cathedral was built over his grave

III. The Relationship between Pope and King

(http://www.bible.ca/history/eubanks/history-eubanks-19.htm)
Scroll down to "II. Alliance
of Church and Civil Power."

a.) How did the Roman Catholic Church survive when barbarians invaded and took over the empire?
They were nevertheless isolated from Italy by the barbarian invasions and offered Rome no support. It was
nominally subject to Constantinople, they developed separate political existences, and the former viewed
the latter as a threat to its independence.

b.) What precedent was set when the Pope appointed Pepin the Short king?
Lombards managed to capture part of Italy, and threaten to capture Rome. The king forces them to leave
the conquered lands, as the pope had crowned and anointed him king.

c.) How did the Pope-King relationship become even closer once Charlemagne was made Holy Roman
Emperor?
The Church were the ones who gave support to civil rulers even making them an official authority, and paying
for tithes. Actually, when the Frankish empire started to crumbled, the pope’s power and independence
increased.
IV. Pope Gregory vs. King Henry IV
(http://www.lhschools.org/Downloads/Gregory%20vs%20Henry.pdf)

a.) How did Pope Gregory reform the Catholic church?

He decided to bring spiritual reform to the church and increased the power of authority of the popes.

b.) What was the conflict between Pope Gregory and King Henry IV?
The conflict between Pope Gregory and Henry was on who got to appoint local churches.

c.) What church powers did Pope Gregory use against Henry to exert "power" over him?
He used an interdict to release the emperor’s subjects from a feudal obligation of loyalty to
their leader.

d.) Why did the King seek forgiveness from the Pope? What did he fear?
He seeks forgiveness because of fear. He feared the rebellion of the vassals.
e.) How did their interaction in Canossa also lead the Pope to appear to have more power?
It showed superiority and that he could command the king as well. Even making him wait three days until he could actually
interact with him.

V. Positive Effects of the Medieval Church

(https://classroom.synonym.com/positive-effects-church-middle-ages-6980.html)

a.) How did Pope Gregory impact the creation of European universities?
The creation of European universities led to more preparation on several topics related to the church. More men required
preparatory education on latin. The Church also decided to create primary education facilities for men that prepared them for
university studies. It also spread literacy and promoted the growth of intellect.

b.) How did Pope Innocent III impact the creation of the first hospitals?
Pope Innocent III ordered the establishment of a hospital in Rome. It was so popular that hundreds of additional institutions
were made throughout Europe. This meant that medical accessibility was available in nearly all Europe.

c.) How did Pope Urban II impact the reformation of the European economy?
Because of the crusades, Europe's economic status changed a lot. Mostly because of the funding that was required to perform a
crusade. This change helped the lower class get paid for their services, and it made a redistribution of wealth around Europe.
Thanks to the crusades, it also led to the founding of new trading routes, the formation of guilds, and the creation of modern
institutions led to the birth of modern economies and the middle class.

d.) What role did the Catholic Church play in caring for the lower class?
The catholic church decided to protect the poor, institing they had basic rights. They protect these by exempting the poor from
court fees in ecclesiastic courts and by providing them with free food, shelter, counsel, and alms.