PRE-CALCULUS

Quarter 1 – Lesson 1:
Quarter 1 – Lesson 1:
Introduction to Conic Sections and Circles
Compose Clear and Coherent Sentences
Using Appropriate Grammatical Structure:
Subject- Verb Agreement
Pre-Calculus
Alternatice Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Lesson 1: Introduction to Conic Sections and Circles
First Edition, 2020

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 PRE-CALCULUS
Quarter 1 – Lesson 1:
Introduction to Conic Sections and Circles
 Aiming at the Target
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
 illustrate the different types of conic sections: parabola, ellipse, circle, hyperbola, and
degenerate cases (STEM_PC11AGIa-1)
 define a circle (STEM_PC11AGIa-2)
 determine the standard form of equation of a circle (STEM_PC11AGIa-3)

Trying the Challenge

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your answer sheet.

____1) It is a conic section formed when the plane is horizontal or perpendicular to the axis of
the cone.
A) circle B) ellipse C) hyperbola D) parabola

____2) It is a conic section formed when the plane is tilted and it intersects with only one
cone to form a bounded curve.
A) circle B) ellipse C) hyperbola D) parabola

____3) It is a conic section formed when the plane intersects with only one cone to
form an unbounded curve.
A) circle B) ellipse C) hyperbola D) parabola

____4) Which degenerate conic will be produced when the plane is

perpendicular to the cone and intersects with the double circular cone at the
vertex?
A) circle B) line C) point D) two intersecting lines
____5) What is the equation of the circle with center at the origin and the radius of 5?
A) C)
B) D)
____6) What is the radius of the circle ( x  3)2  ( y  2)2  16 ?
A) 2 B) 4 C) 8 D) 16
y
____7) What is the equation of the circle in the graph below? 

A) ( x  2)2  ( y  1)2  3 C) ( x  2)2  ( y  1)2  9  x

B) ( x  2)2  ( y  1)2  3 D) ( x  2)2  ( y  1)2  9  



.
     






____8) Which of the following is the graph of the circle ( x  3)  ( y  2)  4 ?
2 2

A)  y x B)  y C)  yx D)  y
 

       .       
   .
 .  x .   x
 
      
   
       

____9) What is the center and the radius of the circle x2  y 2  2 x  4 y  2  0 ?

A) C(1, -2), r = √ B) C(-1, 2), r = √ C) C(1, -2), r = 7 D) C(-1, 2), r =
____10) What is the length of the radius of a circle with the center at (-5, 3) and
point (-11, 7)?
A) 26 B) 13 C) √ D) √

1
 Lesson INTRODUCTION TO CONIC
1 SECTIONS AND CIRCLES

Connecting to the Past

Write your answer on your answer sheet.

_______1) What is the distance between (4, -2) and (-1, 9)?
_______2) What is the length of a segment connecting (-3, -5) and (-5, 4)?
_______3) What is the midpoint of the segment joining (2, 4) and (10, -2)?
_______4) What is the midpoint of the segment joining (0, 8) and (-12, 3)?
_______5) What is the radius of the circle x2 + y2 = 16?
_______6) What is the center of the circle x2 + y2 = 25?
_______7) What is the radius of the circle (x – 6)2 + (y + 2)2 = 10?
_______8) What is the center of the circle (x – 6)2 + (y + 2)2 = 10?
_______9) What is the standard equation of a circle with the center at the origin
and radius 6?
_______10) What is the standard equation of a circle with the center at (9, -1) and
radius 2?

Gearing Up to Start
When a plane intersects the double right circular cone (with two nappes), two-
dimensional curves are formed. These curves are called conic sections (conics).
When the plane is horizontal, a circle is formed. When the plane is tilted to form a
bounded curve, an ellipse is formed. A circle is actually a special kind of ellipse.
When the plane intersects one cone only to form an unbounded curve, a parabola is
formed. When it intersects two cones to form two unbounded curves, a hyperbola is formed.

When the plane intersects the vertex of the double right circular cone, the figures
formed are called degenerate conics. There are three degenerate conics, a point, a line
and two intersecting lines.

2
Image Source: https://www.cliffsnotes.com/study-guides/algebra/algebra-ii/conic-sections/the-four-conic-sections

Definition and Equation of Circle

One of the basic shapes you have probably learned first is the circle. When you were
in Grade 10, you have learned the definition of circles. You have also learned the different
theorems involving circles.
 y


𝑩(5, 5)



𝑨(7, 1)
 x
𝑪(2, 1)
             





Consider the point (2, 1) and points (7, 1) and (5, 5) as shown above.
What is the distance of C from A and from B ?

√ √

√ √
√ √

The distance from any point on the circle to the center is always the same.

Let 𝐶 be a given point. The set of all

points 𝑃 having the same distance P(x, y)
from C is called a circle. The point
C is called the center of the circle,
and the common distance is its C(h, k)
radius.

The term radius is both used to refer to a segment from the center C to a point P on
the circle, and the length of this segment.

3
Using the distance formula, the distance from the center C to point P on the circle is
√ .

The distance from C to P is the radius of the circle.

Thus, √
.

Therefore, the standard equation of a circle with center at (h, k) and radius r is
.

When the center is at the origin (0, 0), the standard equation is .
A unit circle with the radius r = 1 and center at the origin has the standard equation .

Hitting the Target

Example 1: Give the standard equation of the circle with the center at the origin and the
radius 5.
Solution:

Example 2: Give the standard equation of the circle with the center at (1, -8), radius 7.

Solution:

 y

Example 3: Give the standard equation of the circle with 

the center at (6, -2), tangent to the y-axis.  x


             
Solution: 







Example 4: Give the standard equation of the circle with the endpoints of diameter at A(0, -


7) and B(8, 3).

Solution: The center is the midpoint of the diameter.
( )

The radius is the distance from the center to the endpoint of the diameter.
√
√
√
√
Using the center and radius, the standard equation of the circle is
(√ )

4
Example 5: Give the standard equation of the circle shown in the graph below.
 y
Solution: The center is at(-3, 4) and the radius is 5. 


The standard equation is 
or 

. 

 x

        
   



Example 6: Identify the center and the radius of the circle . Sketch the graph.
Solution: The first step is to rewrite the equation in standard form by completing
the square in and .

Thus, the center is at (-2, 0) and the radius is 3.

y



x

            







Example 7: Identify the center and radius of the circle .

Sketch the graph.

Solution: The first step is to rewrite the equation in standard form by completing

the square in and .

 y



Thus, the center is at (1, ) and radius is 5. 
 𝟑
𝑪 𝟏
 𝟐 x

           






5
 Strengthening the Gap
I. Write the name of the conic section formed in each figure.

1)______________ 2) ______________ 3) ______________ 4) ______________

Image Source: https://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/mathematic/conic-section.html

II. Name the degenerate conics shown below.

1)___________________ 2) ___________________ 3) ___________________

Image Source: DepEd Pre-Calculus Learner’s Material

III. Give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given conditions on your answer
sheet

1) center at the origin, radius 3 _________________________________________

2) center at the origin, radius √ _________________________________________
3) center at (-1, 5), diameter 8 _________________________________________
4) center at (2, -3), radius √ _________________________________________
5) center at (4, 3), tangent to the y-axis_________________________________________

VI. Give the standard equation of the circle shown in each item.
y y y
 

 
 x
 
           x
x 

                  
 

 

 

 


1) _____________________________ 2) _______________________________ 3) _________________________________

6
  y
 y y

  
  
  
  
 

 
 
 x  x 
 x
                   
     
        
 

4) ______________________________ 5) ______________________________ 6) __________________________________

Wrapping Up to Go
1. What is a conic section?
2. What are the different types of conic sections?
3. What are the degenerate conics?
4. What is a circle? What is its standard equation?

Relating to Real Life

A ferris wheel is elevated 1 m above the ground. When a car reaches the highest
point on the ferris wheel, its altitude from ground level is 29 m. How far away from the
center, horizontally, is the car when i is at an altitude of 23 m?
y


 (0, 29) Solution:


 The highest point is at (0, 29) and the


lowest point is at (0, 1). The center is the
 (x, 23) midpoint of the segment connecting them

 and it is at (0, 15).


 The radius is 14 units. So the standard

 equation is 𝑥 𝑦 or


(0, 15)
 𝑥 𝑦


 Next, find the unknown by using y = 23.


 𝑥


 𝑥


 . (0, 1) x
𝑥 ± √ ≈± .
        
                 


Answer:
The car is approximately 11.49 m from the center, horizontally when it is 23 m high.

7
 Checking the Target
Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your answer sheet.
______1) It is a conic section formed when the plane is tilted and it intersects with only one
cone to form a bounded curve.
A) hyperbola B) parabola C) circle D) ellipse

______2) It is a conic section formed when the plane intersects with two cones to form two
unbounded curves.
A) circle B) ellipse C) hyperbola D) parabola

______3) Which degenerate conic will be produced when the plane intersects with the
double circular cone at the axis perpendicular to the base?
A) circle C) point
B) line D) two intersecting lines
______4) What is the equation of the circle with the center at the origin and the radius is 10?
A) C)
B) D)
______5) What is the radius of the circle ( x  8)2  ( y  3)2  18 ?
A) 3 3 B) 3 2 C) 3 D) 9

______6) What is the equation of the circle in the graph below?

 y x

          


 A) ( x  1)2  ( y  4)2  4 C) ( x  1)2  ( y  4)2  16
 . B) ( x  1)2  ( y  4)2  4 D) ( x  1)2  ( y  4)2  16





______7) Which of the following is the graph of the circle ( x  3)2  ( y  3)2  9 ?
 
A)        y B) 
y
C)  y       D) 
y

   
.  .   .  .
   
  x   x
 
                 

______8) What is the center and radius of the circle x  y  6 x  4 y  8  0 ?

2 2

A) C(3,-2), r = √ B) C(3,-2), r = √ C) C(-3,2), r = √ D)C(-3,2), r = √

______9) What is the length of the radius of a circle with center at (3, -3) and the
point (-5, 9)?
A) √ B) √ C) √ D) √

______10) What is the equation of the circle with center at (2, -7) and the radius √ ?
A) C)
B) √ D) √

Enriching the Skill

8
I. Name the conic section described in each of the following statements on your answer
sheet.

__________ 1) It is a conic section formed when the plane is horizontal or perpendicular to

the axis of the cone.
__________ 2) It is a conic section formed when the plane intersects both cones to form two
unbounded curves.
__________ 3) It is a conic section formed when the plane is tilted and it intersects only one
cone to form a bounded curve.
__________ 4) It is a conic section formed when the plane intersects with only one cone to
form an unbounded curve.

II. Write C if the statement is correct and I if it is incorrect. Write your answer on your answer
sheet.

______1) An ellipse is a circle.

______2) A circle is an ellipse.
______3) A circle is a set of all points on a plane that are equidistant from a fixed point on a
plane.
______4) The fixed point is called center, and the distance from the center to any point on
the circle is referred to as the radius.
______5) In a circle, all radii are congruent.
______6) In a circle, the diameter is half the radius.
______7) In a circle, the center is always the midpoint of the endpoints of the diameter.

III. Give the standard equation of the circle satisfying the given conditions on your answer
sheet.

1) center at (4, 3), tangent to the x-axis

______________________
2) It has a diameter with endpoints A(1, -3) and B(7, 5) ______________________
3) It has a diameter with endpoints A(2, 6) and B(-8, 2) ______________________
4) center at (-2, 1), containing (-9, -7)
______________________
5) center at (5, -4), containing (0, 5) ______________________

IV. Determine the center and radius of the following circles on your answer sheet.

1) Center __________ radius ____________

2) Center __________ radius ____________
3) Center __________ radius ____________
4) Center __________ radius ____________
5) Center __________ radius ____________

9
 10
Enriching the Skill Checking the Target
I. 1) circle
2) hyperbola 1) D
3) ellipse
4) parabola 2) C
II. 1) I 3) D
2) C
3) C
4) C
4) C 5) B
5) C 6) C
6) I
7) C 7) B
III. 8) A
1) 𝑥 𝑦
2) 𝑥 𝑦
9) A
3) 𝑥 𝑦 10) A
4) 𝑥 𝑦
5) 𝑥 𝑦
IV.
1) Center (3, 4), r = 2
2) Center (0, -4), r = 5
3) Center (-5, 1), r = √
1
4) Center ( ), r =
5
5) Center ( ), r = √
Strengthening the Gap Connecting to the Past Trying the Challenge
I.
1) circle 1) √ 1) A
2) ellipse 2) √ 2) B
3) parabola
3) (6, 1) 3) D
4) hyperbola 11
II. 4) (-6, ) 4) C
1) a point 5) 4 5) C
2) a line 6) (0, 0) or the origin
3) two intersecting lines 6) B
7) √
III. 7) D
1) 𝑥 𝑦
8) (6, -2)
2) 𝑥 𝑦 9) x2 + y2 = 36 8) B
3) 𝑥 𝑦 10) (x – 9)2 + (y +1)2 = 4 9) A
4) 𝑥 𝑦
5) 𝑥 𝑦
10)C
VI.
1) 𝑥 𝑦
2) 𝑥 𝑦
3) 𝑥 𝑦
4) 𝑥 𝑦
5) 𝑥 𝑦
6) 𝑥 𝑦
Finding the Score
References
1. Department of Education (2016). Precalculus Teacher’s Guide (First Edition).
Department of Education.
2. https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%2F
assets%2F256137.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%2Fstudy-
guides%2Falgebra%2Falgebra-ii%2Fconic-sections%2Fthe-four-conic-
sections&tbnid=A0r5JDLdotxrbM&vet=12ahUKEwi9qaSi4YXqAhUWDZQKHUisB6w
QMygQegUIARDxAQ..i&docid=2tQRMnR7soQMGM&w=475&h=218&q=conic%20se
ctions&ved=2ahUKEwi9qaSi4YXqAhUWDZQKHUisB6wQMygQegUIARDxAQ#h=21
8&imgdii=peaIqEp6J2BBVM&vet=12ahUKEwi9qaSi4YXqAhUWDZQKHUisB6wQMy
gQegUIARDxAQ..i&w=475
3. https://www.assignmentpoint.com/science/mathematic/conic-section.html

11
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