PRE-CALCULUS

Quarter 1 – Lesson 3:
Quarter 1 – Lesson 1:
Ellipse
Compose Clear and Coherent Sentences
Using Appropriate Grammatical Structure:
Subject- Verb Agreement

Quarter 1 – Lesson 1:
Compose Clear and Coherent Sentences
Using Appropriate Grammatical Structure:
Subject- Verb Agreement
Pre-Calculus – Grade 11
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Lesson 3: Ellipse
First Edition, 2020

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PRE-CALCULUS
Quarter 1 – Lesson 3:
Ellipse

3
 Aiming at the Target
At the end of the lesson, you should be able to
 define an ellipse (STEM_PC11AGIc-1)
 determine the standard form of equation of an ellipse (STEM_PC11AGIc-2)

Trying the Challenge

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your answer sheet.
____ 1) It is the line joining the vertices and the foci of an ellipse.
A) minor axis B) major axis C) latus rectum D) directrix

____ 2) It is the intersection of the major axis and the minor axis of an ellipse.
A) vertex B) focus C) co-vertex D) center

____ 3) Which of the following is the length of the latus rectum?

A) b2/a B) 2b2/a C) a2/c D) c/a

____ 4) Which of the following is the eccentricity of an ellipse?

A) 0 < e < 1 B) e = 0 C) e = 1 D) e > 1

____ 5) What are the coordinates of the center of an ellipse whose equation
is ?
A) (-2, 1) C) (2, -1)
B) (-7, 1) and (3, 1) D)(-3,-1) and (7, -1)

____ 6) What are the coordinates of the vertices of an ellipse with equation
?
A) (0, 6) and (0, -6) B) (0, 4) and (0, -4) C) (6, 0) and (-6, 0) D)(4, 0) and (-4, 0)

____ 7) What are the coordinates of the foci of the ellipse ?

A) (3, 0) and (-3, 0) B) (0, 3) and (0, -3) C) (5, 0) and (-5, 0) D)(0, 5) and (0, -5)

____ 8) What is the eccentricity of the ellipse ?

A) 0.60 B) 0.75 C) 0.80 D) 0.85

____ 9) What is the major axis of the ellipse ?

A) parallel to x-axis C) x-axis
B) parallel to y-axis D) y-axis

____10) What is the equation of the ellipse in graph below?

A) ( x  2)  ( y  2)  1 C) ( x  2)  ( y  2)  1
2 2 2 2
y
 x
9 16 16 9
        
B) ( x  2)  ( y  2)  1 D) ( x  2)  ( y  2)  1
2 2 2 2

 9 16 16 9




4
 Lesson

ELLIPSE
3
Connecting to the Past
Write True if the statement is correct and False if it is not on your answer sheet.
________ 1) A circle is an ellipse.
________ 2) An ellipse is a circle.
________ 3) An ellipse is a bounded curve formed when the plane is tilted.
________ 4) The graph of (x – 3)2 = 8(y + 7) is a parabola.
________ 5) The graph of (x + 1)2 + (y – 2)2 = 25 is a circle.
________ 6) The center of x2 + (y + 4)2 = 16 is at (0, 4).
________ 7) The radius of (x + 8)2 + (y – 2)2 = 10 is 10 units.
________ 8) The vertex of the parabola (y + 3)2 = -8(x + 1) is at (-3, -1).
________ 9) The equation of the directrix of x2 = 8(y – 1) is y = 3.
________ 10) The focus of the parabola (y + 3)2 = 12(x + 1) is at (2, -3).

Gearing Up to Start
Unlike circle and parabola, an ellipse is one of the conic sections that most of you have
not encountered formally before. Its shape is a bounded curve which looks like a flattened
circle. The orbits of the planets in our solar system around the sun happen to be elliptical in
shape. Also, just like parabolas, ellipses have reflective properties that have been used in
the construction of certain structures.

Definition of an Ellipse
y

.𝑨(2, 3.7) √
𝑩(-4, 
2.4). 
√

𝑭𝟐 x √
 
𝑭𝟏

.
    
.
    √




. 𝑷(x, y)

There are other points P such that . The collection of all such points
forms a shape called an ellipse.

Let 𝑭𝟏 and 𝑭𝟐 be two distinct points. The set of all points P, whose distances from
𝑭𝟏 and from 𝑭𝟐 add up to a certain constant, is called an ellipse. The points 𝑭𝟏
and 𝑭𝟐 are called the foci of the ellipse.

5
 Co-vertex
.
. Minor axis .
Major axis Vertex
Vertex
Center
. . . . .
Focus Focus
Directrix Directrix
. Latus
rectum
Latus
rectum
.
.
Co-vertex

𝑾𝟏
.
𝑬𝟏
. 𝒃
.𝑬𝟑
𝒂

. 𝑭.
𝑽𝟏
.𝑪 . .𝑽
𝑭𝟐
𝟏 𝟐
𝒄

.
𝑬𝟐 .𝑬
𝟒

.
𝑾𝟐

Center
 Point C(0, 0) is the center of the ellipse. It is the intersection of the major axis
and the minor axis.

Focus
 𝐹 (-c, 0) and 𝐹 (c, 0) are the foci. Each focus is c units from the center.
 For any point on the ellipse, the sum of its distances from the foci is 2a.

Vertex
 V_1 (-a,0) and V_2 (a,0) are the vertices.
 The vertices are points on the ellipse, collinear with the center and foci.
 Each vertex is a units from the center.
 The line segment V_1 V_2 is called the major axis (or transverse axis). Its
length is 2a.
 The line that passes through both foci and vertices is an axis of symmetry. It
divides the ellipse into two congruent parts.

6
 Co-vertex
 W_1 (0,b) and W_2 (0,-b) are the co-vertices.
 The line segment W_1 W_2 passes through the center, perpendicular to the
major axis, is called the minor axis. Its length is 2b units. It meets the ellipse at
the co-vertices. It divides the ellipse into two congruent parts.
 Each co-vertex is b units from the center.
 Since a > b, the major axis is longer than the minor axis.

Latus rectum
 The segments E_1 E_2 and E_3 E_4 are called latera recta.
 Latus rectum is the chord that passes through the focus, and is perpendicular to
the major axis and has both endpoints on the curve.
 The length of the latus rectum of an ellipse is 2b2/a.

Eccentricity
 The eccentricity e of an ellipse is the ratio of the undirected distance between
the foci to the undirected distance between vertices, e = c/a.
 The eccentricity of an ellipse is greater than zero but less than one, 0 < e < 1.
 As e increases from 0 to 1, the ellipse becomes narrow. The eccentricity of a
circle is zero, e = 0.

Ellipse with Center at the Origin

𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
𝑾𝟐 Standard Equation: 𝟏, 𝒂>𝒃
. 𝒂𝟐 𝒃𝟐
𝑬𝟏 Center: origin, C(0, 0)
. .𝑬𝟑
Vertices: 𝑉 𝑎, 0 and 𝑉 𝑎, 0
𝑽𝟏. . . . . Co-vertices: 𝑊 0, 𝑏 and 𝑊 0, 𝑏
𝑭𝟏 𝑪 𝑭𝟐 𝑽𝟐
Foci: 𝐹 𝑐, 0 and 𝐹 𝑐, 0
.
𝑬𝟐 .𝑬𝟒 Length of Latus Rectum: 2b2/a

.𝑾 Length of Major axis: 2a

𝟏
Length of Minor axis: 2b

7
 𝑽𝟐
.
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐
Standard Equation: 𝟏, 𝒂>𝒃
.
𝑬𝟏 . 𝑭𝟐 . 𝑬𝟐 𝒃𝟐 𝒂𝟐

Center: origin, C(0, 0)

Vertices: 𝑉 0, 𝑎 and 𝑉 0, 𝑎
Co-vertices: 𝑊 𝑏, 0 and 𝑊 𝑏, 0
𝑾
. .𝑪 . 𝑾𝟐
𝟏 Foci: 𝐹 0, 𝑐 and 𝐹 0, 𝑐
Length of Latus Rectum: 2b2/a
Length of Major axis: 2a
𝑬𝟑 . .𝑭 . 𝑬𝟒
𝟏 Length of Minor axis: 2b
.𝑽𝟏
Ellipse with Center at (h, k)
𝑽𝟐
𝑾𝟐
. .
𝑬𝟏
. .𝑬𝟑 .
𝑬𝟏 . 𝑭𝟐 . 𝑬𝟐

𝑽𝟏. . .𝑪 . .
𝑭𝟏 𝑭𝟐 𝑽𝟐
. .𝑪 . 𝑾𝟐
𝑬𝟐. .𝑬𝟒 𝑾𝟏

. 𝑾𝟏
𝑬𝟑 . .𝑭 .𝑬𝟒
𝟏

.𝑽𝟏

Standard Equation of an Ellipse

Equation of
Center Standard Form Major axis
Directrices

a2
, > x-axis (horizontal) x
c
(0, 0)
a2
, > y-axis (vertical) y
c

Parallel to x-axis a2
, >
(horizontal) x  h
c
(h, k)
Parallel to y-axis a2
, >
(vertical) yk
c

8
 Hitting the Target
Example 1: Give the coordinates of the foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the ellipse with

equation . Sketch the graph.

Solution: The center of the ellipse is at the origin. The major axis is the y-axis.
We have and , thus , and
√ √ √ .

y

Center: 𝐶 0, 0
𝑽𝟐
 Vertices: 𝑉 0, and 𝑉 0,

Co-vertices: 𝑊 ,0 and 𝑊 ,0
.
𝑬𝟏  𝑭𝟐 .𝑬𝟐 Foci: 𝐹 0, and 𝐹 0,

4
 Length of Latus Rectum: units
𝑾𝟏 x
𝑾𝟐
𝑪
             Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸 , ,𝐸 ,


 𝐸 , , 𝐸4 ,
𝑬𝟑 .  𝑭𝟏 . 𝑬𝟒 Length of Major axis: 2(5) = 10 units

Length of Minor axis: 2(4) = 8 units

𝑽𝟏

Eccentricity: e= 0 0


Example 2: Find the standard equation of the ellipse whose foci are , 0 and
, 0 , such that for any point on it, the sum of its distances from the foci is
10.

Solution: Since 2a = 10, we have a = 5 and c = 4.

So √ √ √ .

, and the major axis is horizontal (foci are aligned horizontally),

therefore its standard equation is .

Example 3: Find the standard equation of the ellipse with center at (0, 0),
a focus at (0, √ ), and a vertex at (0, -4).

Solution: From the origin, the focus is √ units (c =√ ) and the vertex is 4 units a = 4).
So √ √ √ .
, and the major axis is vertical (foci and vertex are aligned

vertically), therefore its standard equation is .

9
 Example 4: Find the standard equation of the ellipse with center at (-2, 7), a focus at
(-2, 11) and a vertex at (-2, 12). Sketch the graph.

Solution: From the center(-2, 7), the focus is 4 units (c = 4) and the vertex is
5 units (a = 5).
So √ √ √ .

, and the major axis is vertical (foci and vertex are aligned

vertically), therefore its standard equation is .

y


Center: 𝐶 ,
 𝑽𝟏 Vertices: 𝑉 , and 𝑉 ,
𝑬𝟏 . 
. 𝑬𝟐
𝑭𝟏 Foci: 𝐹 , and 𝐹 ,

Co-vertices: 𝑊 , and 𝑊 ,

 Length of Latus Rectum: units
𝑾𝟏. 
𝑪
.𝑾𝟐 Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸 8, ,𝐸 0 ,


𝐸 8, , 𝐸4 0 ,
 Length of Major axis: 2(5) = 10 units
𝑬𝟑 . 
. . 𝑬𝟒
. 𝑭𝟐 Length of Minor axis: 2(3) = 6 units
 4
𝑽𝟐 x
Eccentricity: e= 0 80
               


Example 5: Find the standard equation of the ellipse with center at (2, -1),
vertices at (7, -1) and (-3, -1), and eccentricity of 3/5. Identify the parts of the
ellipse and sketch the graph.

Solution: The vertices are 10 units apart, 2a = 10 and a = 5.

The eccentricity, e = , we have c = 3.
So √ √ √ .

, and the major axis is horizontal (vertices are aligned

horizontally), therefore its standard equation is .

10
 
y Center: 𝐶 ,

𝑾𝟏 Vertices: 𝑉 , and 𝑉 ,
𝑬𝟑 . 
. Foci: 𝐹 , and 𝐹 ,
 𝑬𝟏
x
Co-vertices: 𝑊 , and 𝑊 ,
             𝑽  4
𝟏
 𝑪 Length of Latus Rectum: units
𝑽𝟐 𝑭𝟐 𝑭𝟏



Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸 , ,𝐸 ,

𝑬𝟒 .  .𝑬𝟐 𝐸 , ,

𝑾𝟐 𝐸4 ,

Length of Major axis: 2(5) = 10 units

Length of Minor axis: 2(4) = 8 units

Example 6: Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and co-vertices of
the ellipse . Sketch the graph, and include
these points.

Solution: The center is at (-1, 1), , so √ √

√
The major axis is vertical.
 y
Center: 𝐶 ,
𝑽𝟏

Vertices: 𝑉 , and 𝑉 ,
𝑬𝟏 . 𝑭𝟏
 . 𝑬𝟐 Foci: 𝐹 , and 𝐹 ,

Co-vertices: 𝑊 , and 𝑊 ,


 Length of Latus Rectum: units

𝑾𝟏 𝑪  Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸 8, , 𝐸 0 8,
𝑾𝟐 x

             𝐸 8, , 𝐸4 0 8,

Length of Major axis: 2(5) = 10 units

Length of Minor axis: 2(3) = 6 units
𝑬𝟑 . 𝑭𝟐
 . 𝑬𝟒 4

Eccentricity: e= 0 80
𝑽𝟐




Strengthening the Grasp



I. Complete each statement on your answer sheet.

1) The center of the ellipse is at ________________.

2) The major axis of the ellipse is ________________.

11
 3) The foci of the ellipse are ________________ units apart.

4) The vertices of the ellipse are ________________ units apart.

5) The center of the ellipse is at ________________.

II. Write Ellipse if the statement is true and Not if it is false on your answer sheet.
_________________ 1) A circle is an ellipse.
_________________ 2) In the ellipse the foci are 9 units apart.

_________________ 3) The minor axis of the ellipse is the y-axis.

_________________ 4) The center of the ellipse is at (-5. -2).

_________________ 5) The graph of the ellipse is vertically oriented.

III. Find the standard equation of the ellipse given the following conditions on your answer
sheet.
1) center at the origin, vertex at (0, 7) and focus at (0, 6) ______________
2) center at (2, 1), vertex at (6, 1) and co-vertex at (2, -2) ______________
3) center at (-1, -3), vertex at (-1, -9) and focus at (-1, -7) ______________
4) foci are , and 8, , such that for any point on it,the sum of its distances from the
foci is 10. ______________
5) vertices are , 8 and , , the co-vertices are 8 units apart ______________

Wrapping Up to Go
1. What is an ellipse?
2. How do you determine the center, vertices, co-vertices, foci and endpoints of the
latera recta of an ellipse?
3. How do you determine the major axis of an ellipse?
4. What is the standard equation of an ellipse with center at the origin?
5. What is the standard equation of an ellipse with center at (h, k)?

Relating to Real Life

The orbit of a planet has the shape of an ellipse, and on one of the foci is the star
around which it revolves. The planet is closest to the star when it is at one vertex. It is
farthest from the star when it is at the other vertex. Suppose the closest and farthest
distances of the planet from this star, are 410 million kilometers and 590 million kilometers,
respectively. Find the equation of the ellipse, in standard form, with center at the origin and
the star at the x-axis. Assume all units are in millions of kilometers.

12
 Solution:

The farthest distance is 𝑎 𝑐 0.

590 The closest distance is 𝑎 – 𝑐 0.
𝑽𝟏. . .𝑪 .
𝑭𝟏 𝑽𝟐 Thus adding the two equations will result
410 to 𝑎 000
and 𝑎 00 and 𝑐 0.
.
𝑎 0000 , 𝑐 8 00
and 𝑏 0000 8 00 00
Answer:
𝑥 𝑦
The standard equation of the ellipse is .
0000 4 00

Checking the Target

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write it on your answer sheet.

____ 1) It is the line joining the vertices and the foci of an ellipse.
A) directrix B) latus rectum C) major axis D) minor axis

____ 2) It is the chord that passes through the focus, and is perpendicular to the
major axis and has both endpoints on the curve.
A) directrix B) latus rectum C) major axis D) minor axis

____ 3) Which of the following is the length of the latus rectum?

A) a2/c B) c/a C) b2/a D) 2b2/a

____ 4) Which of the following is the eccentricity of an ellipse?

A) e = 0 B) 0 < e < 1 C) e = 1 D) e > 1

____ 5) What are the coordinates of the center of an ellipse whose equation is
?
A) (-5, 2) B) (5, -2) C) (4, 0) and (-4, 0) D) (0, 0)

____ 6) What are the coordinates of the vertices of an ellipse with equation
?
44
A) (0, 5) and (0, -5) C) (5, 0) and (-5, 0)
B) (0, 12) and (0, -12) D) (12,0) and (-12,0)

____ 7) What are the coordinates of the foci of the ellipse ?

A) (5, 0) and (-5, 0) C) (3, 0) and (-3, 0)
B) (0, 4) and (0, -4) D) (0, 3) and (0, -3)

____ 8) What is the eccentricity of the ellipse ?

A) 0.60 B) 0.75 C) 0.80 D) 0.85

13
 ____ 9) What is the major axis of the ellipse ?
0
A)parallel to x-axis B) x-axis C)parallel to y-axis D) y-axis

____10) What is the equation of the ellipse in graph below?

y


A) x  ( y  1)  1 C) x  ( y  1)  1
2 2 2 2


9 16 9 16

B) x  ( y  1)  1 D) x  ( y  1)  1
2 2 2 2

x
16 9 16 9
         




Enriching the Skill

1) Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, co-vertices and endpoints of latera recta
of the ellipse . Sketch the graph, and include these points on your paper.

 y Center:

Vertices:


Foci:
 Co-vertices:
 x Length of Latus Rectum:

            Endpoints of Latera Recta:



 Length of Major axis:

Length of Minor axis:

Eccentricity:


2) Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, co-vertices and endpoints of latera recta
of the ellipse . Sketch the graph, and include these points on your
paper.

 y Center:
 Vertices:
 Foci:
 x Co-vertices:
            Length of Latus Rectum:


Endpoints of Latera Recta:

 Length of Major axis:

Length of Minor axis:

Eccentricity:

14
 15
Checking the Target
1) C
2) B
3) D
4) B
5) A
6) D
7) C
8) C
9) B
10) A
Strengthening the Grasp Connecting to the Past Trying the Challenge
I. 1) (0, 0)
2) y-axis (x = 0) 1) True 1) B
3) 6 2) False 2) D
4) 10 3) True
5) (3, -1) 4) True 3) B
II. 1) Ellipse 5) True 4) A
2) Not
6) False 5) C
3) Ellipse
4) Not 7) False 6) C
5) Not 8) False
𝒙𝟐 𝒚𝟐 9) False 7) B
III. 1) 𝟏 8) A
𝟏𝟑 𝟒𝟗 10) True
𝒙 𝟐 𝟐 𝒚 𝟏 𝟐
2) 𝟏 9) D
𝟏𝟔 𝟗
𝒙 𝟏 𝟐 𝒚 𝟑 𝟐 10) C
3) 𝟏
𝟐𝟎 𝟑𝟔
𝒙 𝟓 𝟐 𝒚 𝟐 𝟐
4) 𝟏
𝟐𝟓 𝟏𝟔
𝒙 𝟑 𝟐 𝒚 𝟐 𝟐
5) 𝟏
𝟏𝟔 𝟑𝟔
Finding the Score
Enriching the Skill

1) Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the ellipse
. Sketch the graph, and include these points on your paper.

 y Center: 𝐶 0, 0
 .𝑽𝟏 Vertices: 𝑉 0, and 𝑉 0,
 Foci: 𝐹 0, and 𝐹 0,
𝑬𝟏 . . 𝑭
𝟏
. 𝑬𝟐 Co-vertices: 𝑊 , 0 and 𝑊 ,0

4
 Length of Latus Rectum: units
.𝑪
x
𝑾𝟏 . . 𝑾𝟐 Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸 , ,𝐸 ,
           


𝐸 , , 𝐸4 ,
𝑬𝟑 .  .𝑭𝟐 . 𝑬𝟒 Length of Major axis: 2(5) = 10 units
 Length of Minor axis: 2(4) = 8 units
 .
𝑽𝟐 Eccentricity: e= 0 0


2) Give the coordinates of the center, foci, vertices, and co-vertices of the ellipse
. Sketch the graph, and include these points on your
paper.

 y Center: 𝐶 ,
 .𝑾𝟏 Vertices: 𝑉 , and 𝑉 ,
𝑬𝟏. 
.𝑬𝟑 Foci: 𝐹 , and 𝐹 ,
 x Co-vertices: 𝑊 , and 𝑊 ,
4
Length of Latus Rectum: units
. .
    
𝑽𝟏 𝑭𝟏  . 𝑪  
.𝑭𝟐  . 𝑽𝟐
 Endpoints of Latera Recta: 𝐸 , ,𝐸 ,
 𝐸 , , 𝐸4 ,
.  .𝑬𝟒 Length of Major axis: 2(5) = 10 units
𝑬𝟐  .𝑾𝟐 Length of Minor axis: 2(4) = 8 units

Eccentricity: e= 0 0

References
1) Department of Education (2016). Precalculus Teacher’s Guide (First Edition).
Department of Education.

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