What is a fraction? How could it easily be learned by the learners?

- An element of a whole is a fraction. The number is represented mathematically as a

quotient, where the numerator and denominator are split. Visual models and manipulative
are arguably the most efficient way to introduce fraction concepts to learners because they
are simple to understand.

MATH 1.TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE PRIMARY GRADES

MODULE 8
Definition of Terms:
1. Fractions- a numerical quantity that is not a whole number.
2. Whole- when divided into equal parts, each part is a fraction of a whole.
3. Set- basically, the fractional part of a set is a fraction of a set of objects. 
4. Region- the most concrete model and most often used. The region is the whole (the unit) and
the parts are congruent (same shape and size).

“What part” refers to a fraction. This means that fraction is a part of a whole. One slice of a cake
represents one- fourth. One-fourth in symbol is -

The number above the fraction bar is called numerator. It tells the number of slices of banana
cake Jai ate.
The number below the fraction bar is called denominator. It tells the number of equal parts into
which the whole banana cake is divided.
In the fraction, 60 is the numerator and 69 is the denominator.
The fraction bar or the line that separates the numerator from the denominator is called
vinculum.

KINDS OF FRACTIONS:
Fractions can be classified as proper, improper and mixed number.
1. Proper Fraction
- A fraction whose value is less than 1.
- Its numerator is less than its denominator.
- From the previous examples, and are proper fractions.
2. Improper Fraction
- A fraction whose value is equal to or greater than 1.
- Its numerator is equal to or greater than its denominator.
- Examples are and .
3. Mixed Number
- It is composed of a whole number and a fractional part such as and .
- A fraction with a numerator of one is called unit fraction.

Definition of Terms:
1. Fractions- a numerical quantity that is not a whole number.
2. Equivalent Fractions- fractions that look different but they have the same values.

We did not change the shaded region but we only divided the figure into smaller parts.
In this case, and look different but they have same values and are called equivalent fractions.
The word equivalent means, equal or same value. So, equivalent fractions are fractions which
are equal or with the same value.

How helpful is the use of illustrations for lessons like fractions especially when you are
assigned to teach young learners?

- Since it is one of the strategies for teaching fractions by connecting the abstract to the
concrete with physical and visual models and to demonstrate equivalent representations of
numbers when teaching fractions, the use of illustrations for lessons like fractions is helpful,
especially when you are assigned to teach young learners.

MATH 1.TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE PRIMARY GRADES

MODULE 9

Definition of Terms:
1. Fractions- a numerical quantity that is not a whole number.
2. Similar Fractions- (like) are fractions with the same denominators.
3. Dissimilar Fractions- (unlike) are fractions with different denominators.

 To compare fractions, we use relation symbols such as < ;> or =.

  Cross multiplication can also be used in comparing and arranging fractions.
 To add similar fractions, add the numerators of the given fractions and that’s copy the
same denominator.
 To add mixed number with similar fractions, with that, we follow these steps:
1. Add the fractional parts;
2. Add the whole numbers; and
3. Simplify the answer.

 To subtract similar fractions, subtract the numerators of the given fractions and copy the
same denominator.
 To subtract mixed number with similar fractions, with that, we follow these steps:
4. Subtract the fractional parts;
5. Subtract the whole numbers; and
6. Simplify the answer.

How should geometry be taught to children in the primary grades?

- Bricks, sets, form sorters, and building objects are enjoyable and engaging components that
motivate young pupils to learn more about shapes, and they should be used to teach
geometry to children in the primary grades.

MATH 1.TEACHING MATHEMATICS IN THE PRIMARY GRADES

MODULE 10

Definition of Terms:
1. Three-Dimensional Shapes - have lengths, width and height. The common 3D shapes
are cube, rectangular prism, pyramid, cylinder, cone and sphere. Each has its own
unique characteristics.

A pyramid can be represented as follows:

Pyramid is a three-dimensional object. It has length, width and height.
Looking at the pyramid, we could see that it is made up of rectangular base and triangular
faces.
Three- dimensional objects are also called as solid figures or simply solids.

Definition of Terms:
1. Point- best represented by a dot. It has no length, width or height. It can be named by a
capital letter.
2. Line- made up of infinite number of points in a straight path which can be extended infinitely
in both directions.
3. Line Segment- is a part of a line. It has length and endpoints. It can be named by two capital
letters.
4. Ray- is also a part of a line which can be extended in one direction only. It can be named by
two capital letters from endpoint to arrowhead.

Definition of Terms:
1. Symmetric- means that a figure forms two equal parts or mirror image of the other when
folded.
2. Line of Symmetry- is the line that divides the figure in two equal parts.
3. Asymmetric- figures that are not symmetrical.

Symmetric means that a figure forms two equal parts or mirror image of the other when folded.
The line that divides the figure into two equal parts is called the line of symmetry.

Here are other examples of symmetric:

They are asymmetric:

Definition of Terms:
1. Tessellation- is any pattern made of repeating shapes that covers a surface completely
without overlapping or leaving gaps.