J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No.

6A

þpmwrf;onf cifcifxl;\ vSnf;,OfaMumh0w¬Kwdkrsm;rS b0

o½kyfazmf0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk avhvmwifjyxm;aom pmwrf;wpfapmif
jzpfygonf/ cifcifxl;\vSnf;,OfaMumh0wåKwdkrsm;xJrS 0w¬K(3)yk'f
udk a&G;cs,fí 0w¬Kwdkoabmw&m;rsm;ESihf csdefxdk;um avhvm
wifjyoGm;ygrnf/ pma&;ol\ 0w¬Kwkdrsm;onf rdrdBuHKawGY&aom
tjzpftysufrsm;udk cHpm;rIESifh aygif;pyfum b0o½kyfudk yDyD
jyifjyif azmfjyxm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh cifcifxl;\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm;onf
pmzwfolrsm;udk &ocHpm;rIrSwpfqifh b0todtjrifudk ay;pGrf;Edkif
onf[k xifjrif,lqrdygonf/
- 0w¬Kwdk? b0o½kyfazmf? Zmwfvrf;? Zmwfaqmif?
aemufcH0ef;usif/

þpmwrf;onf cifcifxl;\ vSnf;,OfaMumh 0w¬Kwkdrsm;rS 0w¬Kwdk

(3)yk'fudk avhvmwifjyxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/ pma&;olonf 1993-ckESpfrS pí
0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk a&;om;cJh&m? tyk'f 100 ausmf &SdcJhygonf/ vSnf;,OfaMumh
0w¬Kwdkrsm;onf cifcifxl;\ q|rajrmuf 0w¬Kwdkaygif;csKyf jzpfygonf/
cifcifxl;\ vSnf;,OfaMumh0w¬Kwkdrsm;udk avhvmMunfhaomtcg tnm
aus;vuf vlaerIb0? tajctae? b0o½kyfwdkYudk tao;pdwf o½kyfazmf a&;zGJU
xm;onfudk avhvmawGY&Sd&ygonf/ pma&;olonf ol\tawG;? pdwful;ÓPf
qef;opfrIrsm;ukdtajccHNyD; vlYobm0ESifh acwftajctaersm;ukdaygif;pyfum
&nf&G,fcsuf taMumif;t&mwpfckudk ay:vGifatmif wifjyxm;onf/ xkdYaMumifh
cifcifxl;\ 0w¬Kwdkrsm;onf vlrIywf0ef;usifwGif jzpfysufaeaom vlaerIb0
tzkHzkHudk 'd|"r® vlYavmuESifh eD;pyfatmif pma&;ol\ 0w¬KwdkzefwD;rI twwf

* uxdu? jrefrmpmXme? &efukefwuúodkvf

474 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A

ynmESifh aygif;pyfum? zefwD;xm;í pmzwfolrsm;udkvnf; ESpfoufrI&oESifh

b0today;aom 0w¬Kwdkrsm; jzpfygonf/

cifcifxl;udk rEÅav;wdkif; jrif;NcHNrdKUe,fO',aus;&GmwGif 1965 ckESpf?

'DZifbmv (17)&ufaeYü tz OD;ndK? trd a':jrwifwdkYrS zGm;jrifcJhonf/
arG;jcif;ajcmufa,muf &Sdonfhteuf wwd,ajrmufESifh wpfOD;wnf;aom
rdef;uav;Nzpfonf/ trnf&if;rSm a':xl;xl;Nzpfonf/ cifcifxl;[laomtrnf
udk pma&;ol\tbdk;u ay;cJhjcif;jzpfonf/ trnf&if;xl;udk xD;qefeef;qef
jzpfatmif cifcif[laomtrnfESifh wGJpyfum cifcifxl;[k ay;chJjcif;jzpfonf/
pma&;om;aomtcgwGif tzdk;ay;cJhaom trnfjzpfonfh ]cifcifxl;} udkom
uavmiftrnftjzpf a&G;cs,fcJhjcif;jzpfonf/ q&mrcifcifxl;onf i,fpOfu
rdbESpfyg;\ Zmwd&yf&Gmjzpfaom jrif;NcHc½kdif ajrmufbuft&yfwGifaexdkif
BuD;jyif;cJhonf/ tajccHrlvwef;ynmudk O',aus;&Gm&Sd tvif;a&mifrlvwef;
ausmif;wGifvnf;aumif;? tv,fwef;ynmudk t.v.u(1) jrif;NcHNrdK.wGif
vnf;aumif; oif,lcJhonf/ ckESpfwef;ajzqdkjyD; rEÅav;odkY ajymif;a&TUaexdkif
cJh&m &Spfwef;rSq,fwef;txd t.x.u (24)wGif wufa&muf oif,lcJhonf/
(1979) ckESpfwGif wuúodkvf0ifwef;udk atmifjrifcJhonf/ 1980-81 ckESpfwGif
rEÅav;a'oaumvdyfü ‘"mwkaA't"dujzifh ynmoifESpf 2 ESpfwuf a&mufcJh
onf/ wwd,ESpfESifh pwkw¬ESpfudk rEÅav;wuúodkvfwGif qufvuf oif,l
cJhonf/ (1985)ckESpfwGif rEÅav;wuúodkvfrS B.Sc (Chem) bGJUudk&&SdcJhjyD;
(1987)ckESpfwGif txufwef;a&SUae (H.G.P)bGJUudk &&SdcJhygonf/ cifcifxl;onff
i,fpOftcsdefrS pí? 0goemtavsmuf? pmtkyftajrmuftrsm; zwf&IcJhonf/
1993 ckESpf {jyDvxkwf? a&T0wfrIefr*¾Z¾ if;wGifygaom ]]yef;yefyg&ap}} 0wåKwdk
jzifh pmayavmuodkY pwifa&muf&SdcJhonf/ q&mrcifcifxl;onf 0wåKwdk? 0wåK
vwf? 0wåK&Snf? &opmwrf;? aqmif;yg; wdkYudka&;om;cJhjyD; ]]zufpdrf;
uGrf;awmif}} a&T0wåKrsm;pmtkyfjzifh 2003 ckESpf? trsdK;om; pmayqkudk &&SdcJhyg
onf/ cifcifxl;onf (2001)ckESpfwGif tv,fwef;q&mrwm0efrS tem;,lcJh
onf/ xdkESpfwGif pma&;q&mae0if;jrifhESifh vufxyfcJhonf/ ,cktcg p-1^84?
jrdKUopf (2)? 67_68 vrf;Mum;? csrf;jr ompnfjrdKUe,f? rEÅav;jrdKUwGif cifyGef;
ae0if;jrifhESifh orD; azG;azG;wdkYESifhtwl aexdkifvsuf&SdjyD; ZeD;armifESH pma&;jcif;
oufoufjzifh b0&yfwnfvsuf &Sdonf/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A 475

pma&;olwdkYonf rdrdESpfouf&m pmayyHkoP²meftrsdK;rsdK;jzifh vlwdkY\b0udk

o&kyfazmf a&;om;avh&Sdonf/ xdkodkYa&;om;onfh pmayrsm;xJrS
vltrsm;ESpfoufMuaom 0w¬Kpmayonf pmayavmuwGif cdkifcdkifrmrm
&yfwnfvsuf&Sdonf/ 0w¦K[laom yifpnfrS jzmxGufvmaom 0w¬KwdkESifh
0w¬K&Snfonf vltrsm; tm;ay;ESpfoufrIudk cH&aom &opmaytzJGYjzpfonf/
xdk&opmayjzpfaom 0w¬KpmayrS 0w¬Kwdk[laom oabmw&m;ESifh ywfoufí
ynm&SiftoD;oD;\ ,lqcsufudk avhvmMunfhvQif q&marmifxifu-
]]0w¦KwdktzGJYonf a,bl,stm;jzifY taMumif;&mwpfck?
jzpf&yfwpfck? vkyf&yfwpfck? pdwful;wpfck? qifjcifyHkwpfck?
tawG;tac:wpfck ponfjzifY wpfckaomtcsufudk A[dk
r@dKifjyKí zJGYqdkaom tzJGYjzpfygonf/}}1
[lí 0w¬Koabmudk zGifhqdkcJhygonf/ xdkYjyif ol&d,uEdÅuvnf; 0w¦KwdkESifY
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rsm;rygap&bJ ZmwfuGufvnf; vnfavatmif Zmwfvdkuf
rsm;\o&kyfvnf; wNznf;jznfay:avatmif tusOf;csKyf ed*Hk;
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]]Zmwfvrf;ZmwfuGufonf y"mer[kwf Zmwfaqmif\csufydkif
aom b0udk wpfcsufrQazmfjyEkdifvQif 0w¬Kwdk\udpö
jyD;ajrmuf jyD[k qdkEkdifyg\/}}2
[lívnf;aumif;? ynm&Sifrsm;u trsdK;rsdK;tqdkjyKcJhMuonf/
txufwGifwifjycJhaom ynm&SiftoD;oD;\ tqdktrdefYrsm;udk NcHKiHk
oHk;oyfMunfhvQif 0w¬Kwdkonf vlYavmuxJrS tjzpftysuf wpfpHkwpf&mudk
tcdsefwdktwGif; pmzwfol uGufuGufuGif;uGif; jrifEdkifatmif azmfjyEdkif&rnf/

1
xif? armif? 1979? 217/
2
wufwdk;? 2002? 10/
476 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A

xdkYtjyif pma&;ol\ tawG;pdwful;ÓPfjzifh aygif;pyfum vlYp&kdufvlUobm0

udk yDyDjyifjyifo½kyfay:atmif a&;om;xm;aom &opmayvnf; jzpfonf[k
qdkEdkifygonf/

pma&;olwdkYonf rdrdwdkYywf0ef;usifwGif awGUjrifae&aom vlaerIb0 tawGU

tMuHKrsm;udk udk,fydkifcHpm;rI todtjrifrsm;jzifh o½kyfazmfa&;om;avh &Sdonf/
xdkodkYa&;om;&mwGif acwfudko½kyfazmfaom 0w¬Kwdkrsm; rdbarwÅmudk o&kyfazmf
aom 0w¬Kwdkrsm; vlYp½kduf vlYobm0udk o½kyfazmfaom 0w¬Kwdkrsm; ponfjzifh
trsdK;rsdK; o½kyfazmf a&;om;Muonf/ pma&;olcifcifxl;onf xdkuJhodkYaom
o½kyfazmf0w¬Krsm;udk a&;om;&mwGif tjrifpl;&SrI &Sdonf/ vlYoabm vlYobm0
acwftajctae vlaerIb0wdkYudk o½kyfazmf&mwGif xdxdrdrd wifjyEdkifpGrf;
&Sdonf/ þpmwrf;wGif vSnf;,OfaMumh0w¬Kwdkrsm; b0o½kyfudk ay:vGifapaom
0w¬Kwdk (3)yk'fudk a&G;cs,fí avhvm wifjyoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/

tmabmf[lonf pma&;ol today;wifjyvdkonfh taMumif;t&m

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&nf&G,fcsuf[kvnf;aumif;? tmabmf[kvnf;aumif; trsdK;rsdK; oHk;EIef; azmfjy
avh &Sdonf/ þpmwrf;wGif pma&;ol\ &nf&G,fcsufudk tmabmf[k oHk;ESKef;
um avhvmwifjyoGm;rnf jzpfygonf/ tmabmfESifhywfoufí q&mewfEG,f
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]]OD;wnfcsuf odkYr[kwf tmabmf[m 0w¬K&JUtoufygyJ 0w¬K
&JU tajccHygyJ pma&;q&mwpfa,muf OD;wnfcsufwpfckudk
rqkyfudkifrdbJESifh 0w¬Kwpfyk'fudk rzefwD; rxkwfvkyfEdkif
ygbl;}}2
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1
jrefrmpmtbd"mef ? twGJ? 5? 1980? 155/
2
ewfEG,f? 1979? 62/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A 477

xdkYaMumifh 0w¬Ka&;q&mwdkYonf rnfonfh0w¬KrsdK;udk a&;a&; pmzwfol

tm; &ocHpm;rIudk ay;pGrf;ouJhodkY avmutodtjrifwpfckudk &vmap&ef
&nf&G,fía&;&ef vdktyfygonf/ pma&;olcifcifxl;onf ol\0w¬Kwdkrsm;wGif
rSefuefaom todtjrifrsm;jzifh a0zefydkif;jcm;wwfap&ef apwem&nf&G,fcsuf
ESifh a&;om;xm;onfudk awGU&Sd&ygonf/
]]yHkwdkywfp}} 0w¬KwdkwGif orD;jzpfol\ qE´oabmxm;udk em;vnfaom
rdcifonf orD;jzpfol0w¬Ka&;jzpf&ef ta0;rSmaevQif pmwdkayprsm; a&;ydkYay;
ouJhodkY vlcsif;awGUvQifvnf; rdrdi,fpOfu BuHKawGYcJh&onfh taMumif;t&m
rsm; yHkwdkywfprsm; yHkcdkif;ajymonfh taMumif;t&mrsm; ponfwdkYudk pDumywfuHk;
ajymavh&Sdonf/ odkYaomfvnf; xdktaMumif;t&mrsm; tm;vHk;onf 0w¬Kjzpf
rvmcJhay/ xdkYaMumifh orD;tay: tm;rvdktm;r&pdwf &SdcJhaomfvnf; rdbarwÅm
rysufbJ qufí 0w¬Ka&;jzpfatmif vrf;cif; ay;cJo h nfh rdbESifh rdbapwemudk
em;vnfvmaom orD;wdkY\qufqHa&;udk azmfjyxm;onf/ rdbwdkif; om;orD;
tay:xm;&Sdaom apwem rdbarwåmudk ay:vGifapaomtzGJUonf þ0w¬K\
tmabmfjzpfonf/
]avStdrfuav;} 0w¬Kwdkonf rEÅav;jrdKU a*g0defqdyfatmufem; jrpfurf;
yg;wGif {&m0wDjrpfay:&Sd avStdrfuav;rsm;ay:wGif aexdkifum aeYbufwGif
jrpfurf;ay:wufí tvkyfvkyfMuaom uav;i,fwdkY\b0udk azmfjyxm;onf/
rd*sdK;onf touf q,fESpft&G,f uav;i,fwpfOD; jzpfaomfvnf; b0udk
½kef;uefvIyf&Sm;um rdom;pk\ pm;0wfaea&;udk t"du ulnDay;ae&ol wpfOD;
tjzpf azmfjyxm;onf/ jrpfurf;em;&Sd oJxrf;orm;? t&uform;? ukefxrf;
orm; ponfh vltrsdK;rsKd;wdkYcdkif;onfh t0,fawmftvkyfudk vkyfudkifcJhonf/
ynmoifcsdefwGif ynmoifcGifhr&bJ b0udk ½dk;om;pGmjzwfoef;í ½kef;uefae
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tmabmf jzpfonf/
]Oyg'gef} 0w¬KwdkwGif tnmaus;vufa'oü ½dk;&m"avh ewfudk;uG,f
,HkMunfolrsm;\ tpGJvrf;BuD;yHkudk azmfjyxm;onf/ t"duZmwfaqmif at;&Sif
onf ewfudk ,HkMunfudk;uG,fonhftjyif &Gmol&Gmom;rsm;uvnf; ewfudk
,HkMunfudk;uG,fum tpGJvef;BuD; aeMuolrsm;jzpfaMumif; azmfjyxm;onf/
ewfyGJ&ufa&mufwdkif; jyefavh&Sdaom rat;&Sifonf ,ckESpfwGifjyef&ef tm;cJ
xm;aomfvnf; rjyefjzpfvdkuf&í pdwfyef; vlyef;jzpfum zsm;emcJh&onfudkyif
478 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A

cifyGef;jzpfol udkuHarmifuvnf; ewfrsm; wpfckckvkyfxm;í zsm;emae&jcif;vm;

[k xifa,mif xifrSm; jzpfcJhonf/ tnmaus;vufjynfolrsm;\ ,HkMunf
udk;uG,frItay: tpGJvrf;MuD;aom vlYobm0udk azmfjyxm;onf/ Oyg'gef
aMumifh Oyg'fa&mufwwfonfhoabmudk azmfjyvdkjcif;onf þ0w¬K\ tmabmf
jzpfonf/
xdkYaMumifh þpmwrf;wGifyg0ifaom cifcifxl;\ 0w¬Kwdk (3)yk'fonf
pma&;ol\ ywf0ef;usifwGif awGUjrifBuHKawGUae&aom vlrIywf0ef;usifrS tjzpf
tysufrsm;udk rSefuefaom todtjrifjzifh a0zef ydkif;jcm;wwfap&ef pmem
em;vnfwwfap&ef pmzwfolrsm;udkvnf; b0oifcef;pmrsm; &&Sdap&ef &nf&G,f
í a&;zGJYxm;ygonf/ OD;wnfcsufaumif;aom 0w¬Kwdkrsm;jzpfojzifh pmzwfol
rsm;udkvnf; rSefuefaom todtjrifrsm;? A[kokwrsm; wdk;yGm;apygonf/

0w¬Kwdkonf vlYavmuxJ&Sd jzpf&yfrsm;pGmudk pma&;ol\ tawG;pdwful;

ESifh aygif;pyfum pmzwfoltm; ESpfoufcHpm;rIudk ay;pGrf;Ekdifatmif a&;zGJUxm;
onfh &opmay tzGJUyHkpH jzpfonf/ xdk0w¬KwdkwGif 0w¬Kwdk\ t*Fg&yfrsm;jzpf
aom OD;wnfcsuf? Zmwfvrf; Zmwfaqmif? aemufcH0ef;usifwdkYjzifh zefwD;
a&;zGJUavh&Sdonf/ xdkt*Fg&yfrsm;xJrS Zmwfvrf; zefwD;rIESifh ywfoufí q&m
atmifoif;u-
]]Zmwfvrf;qdkonfrSm ZmwfaqmifwdkY\ b0vrf;aMumif;
todtjrifudk rarQmfvifhbJ ajymif;oGm;aprnfh tjzpftysuf
rsm;udk usdK;aMumif; qufpyfjyxm;aom jzpfpOfwpfck[k
qdkcsif ygonf}}1
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]]0w¬Kwdkü Zmwfvrf;ZmwfuGufonf y"mer[kwf Zmwf
aumif\ csufydkifaomb0udk wpfcsufrQ azmfjyEdkifvQif
0w¬Kwdk\udpöonf jyD;ajrmufjyD[k qdkvdkyg\}}2

1
atmifoif;? 1978? 57/
2
wufwdk;? 2002? 12/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A 479

[lívnf;aumif; zGifhqdkxm;ygonf/ xdkYaMumifh 0w¬KwdkwGif Zmwfvrf;zefwD;

&mü Zmwf&Sdefjrifhwufvmap&ef Zmwfaqmifrsm;\ vIyf&Sm;rItrlt&m? Zmwf
aqmif tcsif;csif; tjyeftvSefpum;ajymcef; tm;jydKifrI? jr§KyfuGuf? edrdwf
jyuGufrsm;jzifh pmzwfolrsm; pdwf0ifpm;atmif zefwD;a&;zGJU&rnfjzpfygonf/
]yHkwdkywfp} 0w¬Kwdkonf om;orD;wdkYjzpfcsifaom pdwfqE´udk rdbu
vdkufvH jznfhqnf;ay;um atmifjrifapcsifaom rdbwdkY\ apwem? arwåmudk
wifjyvdkjcif; jzpfonf/ pma&;olonf t"duZmwfaqmif tarjzpfol aexdkif&m
ae&mESifh rdrd aexdkif&monf rEÅav;jrdKUwpfjrdKUwnf; jzpfaomfvnf; ta&SUESifh
taemuf uGma0;aMumif; tpysdK;í tarhxHvlBuHK&SdvQif tarBudKufwwfonfh
pm;p&m? aq;0g;rsm; ay;ydkYay;wwf aMumif;? aiGpuav;&Tifonfhtcg udk,fwdkif
oGm;a&muf uefawmhaomfvnf; ta&muf taygufenf;onfhtcgwGif tar
onf omaMumif;rmaMumif;a&;onfhpmxuf orD;jzpfol 0w¬Ka&;jzpfatmif
ol\ tawGUtMuHKrsm;udka&;onfh pmwdkaypav;rsm;u rsm;onf[k pmzwfol
rsm; a&SUbmqufjzpfrnfudk odcsifatmif Zmwfvrf;udk EId;qGay;xm;onf/
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rsm; r[kwfvm;}}1
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jyuGuf oabmjzpfonf/ a&SUqufjyD; pma&;oltm; rnfuJhodkY axmufyHhulnD
ay;rnfudk odapvdkaom pmzwfolrsm;udkvnf; odcsifvmatmif Zmwfvrf;udk
wjznf;jznf;csif; qGJaqmifjyD; ZmwfwufoGm;atmif a&;om;xm;onf/
xdkYtjyif-
]]ynm&,fvdkY rjynfhpHk&Smaomfvnf; taru vlYtaMumif;
vlYtxmawGudk aumif;aumif;odol jzpfonf/ 0w¬Kwdkoabm
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1
cifcifxl;? 2009? 2/
2
-,if;-? 4/
480 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A

onf/ avmutaMumif;? "r®taMumif; qifjcifoHk;oyfEdkifpGrf;&Sdonf/ xdkYjyif

tar\ tm;omcsufrSm tnmolyDyD pum;udk pDumywfuHk; tnmav tnm
aiGUjzifh tnmoH vdIifvdIifoHk;um ajymwwfjcif;jzpfonf/ tarhtaMumif;udk
pma&;ol udk,fwdkifajym &IUaxmifhjzifhajymjyD; a&SUZmwfvrf;wGif tarjzpfol
rnfuJhodkY jyKrlvIyf&Sm;rnfudk odapvdkonfh edrdwfjyuGufjzifh azmfjyxm;onf/
xdkYaemuf pma&;oludk,fwdkif tarESifh i,fpOfb0twlae&pOf tjzpf
tysufrsm;udk atmufarhum tar\ yHkwdkywfppum;rsm; taMumif;t&mwpfck
wdkufqdkifvQif yHkcdkif;ajymonfh pum;rsm;udk wpfckcsif;pDajymum pmzwfol
pdwf0ifpm;vmatmif ajymaomtydkif;onf Zmwfwufydkif; jzpfonf/ Zmwf
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484 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A

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J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A 487

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488 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A

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jyD; ,HkMunfudk;uG,fMuaMumif;? aus;vuf pD;yGm;a&;jzpfaom pyg;? yJ? ajymif;?
i&kwf? ESrf; ponfh pD;yGm;a&;udk vkyfudkifum aexdkif pm;aomufMuaom
aus;vuf vlaerI"avhudkvnf; aemufcHtjzpf awGU&Sd&onf/
cifcifxl;\ 0w¬Kwkdrsm;onf vlYavmu ywf0ef;usifwGif BuHKawGUae&
aom tjzpftysufrsm;? vlaerIb0o½kyfrsm;? vlwef;pm;toD;oD;wdkY\ &kef;uef
vIyf&Sm;&yHkrsm;udk owdjyKzG,f azmfjyxm;onf/

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onf rdrdywf0ef;usifwGif awGUBuHKcJh&onfh tjzpftysufrsm;udk pdwful;cHpm;csuf
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o½kyfazmfjyxm;onf/ vlaerI ywf0ef;usifwGif jzpfavhjzpfx&Sdaom jzpf&yfrsm;
udk pddwful;tawG;ESifh yHkazmfum &oajrmufatmif a&;zJGUxm;ojzihf pmzwfol
tm; qGJaqmifrI tm;aumif;apaom 0w¬Kwdkrsm;jzpfygonf/
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jzpfol\ ajympum;udk ol\ b0tawGUtBuHKrsm;? avmutaMumif;? "r®
taMumif; qifjcif oHk;oyfEdkifpGrf;&Sdoltjzpf zefwD;xm;onf/ taronf
twef;ynm rjynfhpHk&Smaomfvnf; vlYtaMumif; vlYtxmrsm;udk aumif;aumif;
odaMumif; 0w¬Kwdkoabmw&m;udk tarem;rvnfEdkifaomfvnf; tarudk,fwdkif
pDumywfuHk;ajymorQ 0w¬Kjzpfaewwfonf[lí orD;jzpfol\ ajympum;jzihf
tarjzpfoludk yHkazmfxm;onf/ tar\ apwemrSefudk odvmaom orD;jzpfol
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A 497

\ em;vnfrIudk udk,fwdkifajym½IaxmifhyHkpHjzifh Zmwfaqmif tom;ay;um a&;zGJU

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rd*sdK;\oli,fcsif;uav;rsm;udkvnf; b0wl ½kef;uef vIyf&Sm;ae&olrsm;tjzpf
zefwD;xm;onf/ uav;rsm;jzpfaomfvnf; ausmif;rae&bJ rdb\pm;tdk;udk
wpfzufwpfvrf;rS ulnDaxmufyHhum b0udk ½kef;uefvIyf&Sm; ae&olrsm;tjzpf
zefwD;xm;onf/ tajccHvlwef;pm;wdkY\ vlaerIo½kyfudk azmfjyxm;aom
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onf ,cifESpfrsm;uJhodkY ewfyGJjyef&ef BudKwifjyifqifrIrsm; jyKvkyfxm;aomf
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tdyf,mxJ vJcJh&onf/ þonfudkyif ewfudkifonf[k xifaeaom cifyGef;
udkuHarmifESifh tpGJtvrf;BuD;í Oyg'gefaMumifh Oyg'fa&mufwwfonfhoabm
udk owdjyKqifjcifzG,f azmfjyxm;onf/ tnmaus;vufjynfolwkdY\ ewf
udk;uG,f,HkMunfrI"avh vlaerIb0udk o½kyfazmfjyxm;aom 0w¬Kwdkaumif;
wpfyk'fjzpfonf/
xkdYaMumifh cifcifxl;\0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk avhvmoHk;oyf&mwGif OD;wnfcsuf
aumif;rI? Zmwfvrf;Zmwftdrf cdkifrmrI? p½dkufo½kyfazmftm; aumif;rI? vlrI
ywf0ef;usifwGif trSefwu,fjzpfysufaeaom tjzpftysufrsm;udk o½kyfazmfum
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[k avhvm oHk;oyfrdygonf/
498 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A

cifcifxl;\ vSnf;,OfaMumh0w¬Kwdkrsm;xJrS rdbarwåmbJGJU o½kyfazmf

0w¬K? tajccHvlwef;pm;wkdY\ b0o½kyfudkazmfjyaomw¬Kwdk? aus;vufae
jynfolwdkY\ b0o½kyfudk azmfjyaomw¬Kwdkrsm;udk avhvmxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
xdkb0o½kyfazmf 0w¬Kwdkrsm;onf pmzwfolrsm;tm; &oay;pGrf;Edkifonfhtjyif
twk,ltm;usp&m? owdjyKqifjcifp&m b0oifcef;pmrsm;udkvnf; &&Sdapyg
onf/ pma&;ol cifcifxl;onf b0o½kyfazmf 0w¬Kwdkrsm;udk yDyDjyifjyif a&;zGJU
EdkifaomaMumifh ,aeYpmayavmuwGif cdkifcdkifrmrm &yfwnfaeol[kvnf;
qkdEdkifygonf/

cifcifxl;/ (2009)/ vSnf;,OfaMumh0w¬Kwkdrsm;/ &efukef? "l0HykHESdyfwkduf/

wufwdk;/ (2002)/ urÇmausmf0w¬Kwkdrsm;ESifhwufwdk;\&Sif;jycsuf/ &efukef? tif;Muif;OD;
ykHESdyfwkduf/
xif?armif/ (1979)/ 0w¬Kwdkpmwrf;rsm; (yxrwGJ)/ &efukef? pmayAdrmefykHESdyfwkduf/
ewfEG,f/ (1979)/ 0w¬Kwpfyk'fjzpfajrmufjcif;/ &efukef? pmayavmupmtkyfwkduf/
jrefrmpmtzGJUOD;pD;Xme/ (1980)/ jrefrmtbd"meftusOf;csKyf/ twGJ-5/ &efukef? ynma&;
0efBuD;Xme/
ol&d,uEÅd/ (1957)/ 0w¬Ka&;vdkaomf/ &efukef? od'¨dykHESdyfwdkuf/
odef;azjrifh/ (1968)/ wkdufyGJ0ifpmrsm;/ yxrtBudrf/ &efukef? jynfawmfusufoa&
ykHESdyfwdkuf/
atmifvif;/ (1972)/ r[mpmed'gef;}/ &efukef? pmayaygif;ul;pmpOf/
atmifoif;/ (1978)/ pmaya&;&maqmif;yg;rsm;/ &efukef? 0rf;rsKd;ykHESdyfwdkuf/
J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A 499
500 J. Myanmar. Acad. Arts Sci. 2018 Vol. XVI. No. 6A